• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.373-378
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• 1991

The skin and fleshy substance on the net fiber of sponge-gourd fruit pressed mechanically was removed with 0.2% NaOH solution in $3{\sim}5$ hours. The treatment of 0.2% NaOH with 0.02% Monopol(non-ionogenic polyoxethylen derivative) as surfactnat and with 0.1% $Ca(OCl)_2$ as bleaching agent enhanced the effect to remove the fleshy substance and improve the quality of net fiber. Also, the wet hardness and tensile strength of net fiber were controlled by the crosslinkage of the fiber with glu tardialdehyde, glyoxal, and formalin, respectively. The net fiber was stable on the acid and alkaline solutions. Also the range of temperature to degradate the fiber was $338{\sim}385^{\circ}C$. These values indicated a fair stability. The improved net fiber can be used for raw material of bath, dish washing, oil and gas filter, and many kinds of decorations.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Inherited Metabolic disease
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.59-66
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• 2010

Enzyme replacement of therapy (ERT) is one of the most promising therapeutic strategies for the treatment of lysosomal storage disorders. ERT is available in three types of Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS): for MPS I (Aludrazyme$^{(R)}$), MPS II (Elaprase$^{(R)}$) and MPS VI (Naglazyme$^{(R)}$) patients who are over 5 years old. But recently, early diagnosis can be done by expert clinicians and even in prenatal case. We describe the case of ERT under 5 years old MPS patients. Up to June, 2010 in Samsung Medical Center, there are 6patients who were diagnosed as MPS and started ERT under 5 years old. 3 patients were MPS I, 3 patients were MPS II. 2 patient who was diagnosed as MPS I was female and others were male. Their age at diagnosis were 4 to 37month-old (4, 13, 16, 25, 27, 37 month-old) and they are now 9 to 60 month-old (9, 39, 32, 81, 60 month-old). The youngest patient was started ERT at 4 month-old and others were started at their 13 to 49 month-old (13, 29, 27, 28, 49 month-old). First manifested symptoms of patients were macrocephaly, kyphosis and coarse face appearance. Especially, in 2 of them, one was MPS I and the other was MPS II had elder brother with same disease. And the youngest one was diagnosed by the iduronate-2-sulfatase (IDS) gene analysis from chorionic villi sampling. His mother knew that she was a heterozygous carrier of IDS gene mutation because her younger brother died from MPS II. All of them confirmed as MPS by the enzyme assay in leukocytes and fibroblast skin culture. We started ERT with ${\alpha}$-L-iduronidase(Aldurazyme$^{(R)}$) to MPS I and did recombinant human iduronate-2-sulfatase (Elaprase$^{(R)}$) to MPS II patients as recommended dose as over 5 years old. But for MPS II patient who was 4 month old, we started ERT by recombinant human IDS (Elaprase$^{(R)}$) with reduced dose 0.1 mg/kg and increased dose every 2 weeks by 0.1mg/kg up to 0.5mg/kg IV infusion. During ERT, all patients had no adverse effects and the excretion of GAGs were decreased. We have evaluated other clinical symptoms such as liver/ spleen volume, heart function and neurologic evaluation. We describe a successful ERT to MPS I and MPS II patient under 5 years old without any adverse event. It indicates that ERT in young children are well tolerated and that it has several effects which may confer clinical benefits with long-term therapy.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.1573-1578
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• 2011

Milk thistle (silybum marianum) is a famous dietary supplement widely used in the United States and Europe. Silbinin is a major biologically active compound of milk thistle and has strong antioxidant and radical scavenger activities. Anticancer activities, as well as chemopreventive effects on various cancer cell lines, including prostate, lung, colon, skin, and bladder, have also been reported in silbinin. In the present study, we investigated the anticancer effects of silibinin and apoptosis through cell cycle arrest on prostate cancer cell PC-3. We performed cell viability by MTT assay and western blotting to confirm cell cycle check point proteins such as cyclin A/D1/E and cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 2/4/6. To quantify silibinin-induced apoptotic cell death of PC-3, Annexin V and PI double staining was performed by flow cytometry, by which its cell distribution was determined. As a result, silibinin inhibited the cell growth of PC-3 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner, and its treatment resulted in cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase. Also the level of cell cycle check point proteins (cyclin, CDK) was decreased by silibinin in a dose-dependent manner. Taken together, we suggest that apoptosis of prostate cancer cell line PC-3 induced by silibinin is associated with cell cycle arrest through decrease of cell cycle check point proteins, caspase-3 activation and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.499-509
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• 2018

This study optimized the bone-softening and fishy odor-reducing process for mackerel Scomber japonicus products using response surface methodology (RSM). The RSM showed that the optimum concentrations of doenjang and citric acid for reducing the fishy odor in bone-softened mackerel were 11.8% and 0.04%, respectively, and the optimum immersion time was 52.2 min. The estimated overall acceptance, salinity, and acidity of the products under these optimum conditions were 7.7 points, 1.1%, and 202.6 mg/100 g, respectively, which were similar to the actual measured values of $7.6{\pm}1.2$ points, $1.0{\pm}0.1%$ and $203.2{\pm}3.8mg/100g$. Moreover, the heating temperature and time for bone-softening based on RSM were $107.3^{\circ}C$ and 4.4 h, respectively. The estimated hardness and proportion of skin removed from the product under the optimal conditions were $161.5g/cm^2$ and 0.09%, respectively, which were also similar to the actual measured values of $171.1{\pm}12.6g/cm^2$ and $0.10{\pm}0.02%$. The optimum bone-softening and fishy odor-reducing process for mackerel consisted of the following steps: thawing (${\leq}10^{\circ}C$, 8 h), filleting, washing/dewatering, immersing in an 11.8% doenjang -0.04% citric acid solution for 52 min, washing/dewatering, heating ($107.3^{\circ}C$, 4.4 h), freezing, depanning, internal and external packaging, and X-ray detection treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.240-249
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• 2020

Objectives: Although the side effects of radiation therapy vary from mucositis to osteomyelitis depending on the dose of radiation therapy, to date, an experimental animal model has not yet been proposed. The aim of this study was to develop an animal model for assessing complications of irradiated bone, especially to quantify the dose of radiation needed to develop a rat model. Materials and Methods: Sixteen Sprague-Dawley rats aged seven weeks with a mean weight of 267.59 g were used. Atraumatic extraction of a right mandibular first molar was performed. At one week after the extraction, the rats were randomized into four groups and received a single dose of external radiation administered to the right lower jaw at a level of 14, 16, 18, or 20 Gy, respectively. Clinical alopecia with body weight changes were compared and bony volumetric analysis with micro-computed tomography (CT), histologic analysis with H&E were performed. Results: The progression of the skin alopecia was different depending on the irradiation dose. Micro-CT parameters including bone volume, bone volume/tissue volume, bone mineral density, and trabecular spaces, showed no significant differences. The progression of osteoradionecrosis (ORN) along with that of inflammation, fibrosis, and bone resorption, was found with increased osteoclast or fibrosis in the radiated group. As the radiation dose increases, osteoclast numbers begin to decrease and osteoclast tends to increase. Osteoclasts respond more sensitively to the radiation dose, and osteoblasts are degraded at doses above 18 Gy. Conclusion: A standardized animal model clinically comparable to ORN of the jaw is a valuable tool that can be used to examine the pathophysiology of the disease and trial any potential treatment modalities. We present a methodology for the use of an experimental rat model that incorporates a guideline regarding radiation dose.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.59 no.4
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• pp.423-426
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• 2005

Imatinib-mesylate (Gleevec, Glivec) is a protein-tyrosine kinase inhibitor that inhibits the Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase created by the Philadelphia chromosome abnormality in CML. Imatinib is also used to treat patients with c-kit (CD 117)-positive unresectable tumors, or metastatic malignant gastrointestinal stromal tumors, or both. Imatinib is a welltolerated drug with few side effects. However, it has been associated with gastrointestinal irritation, fluid retention and edema, skin rashes, depigmentation, hepatotoxicity, hemorrhage, and hematological toxicity (anemia, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia). In addition, imatinib has been associated with dyspnea and cough, which are mainly secondary to the pleural effusion and pulmonary edema, which represent local or general fluid retention. These events appear to be dose related and are more common encountered in the elderly. However, there has been no report of hypersensitivity pneumonitis associated with imatinib-mesylate in Korea. We report a case of 51-year old woman who developed hypersensitivity pneumonitis that might have been induced by imatinib-mesylate during the treatment of a gastrointestinal stromal tumor.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.121-126
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• 2009

Purpose: We investigated the clinical characteristics and demographics of patients who suffered from hydrofluoric acid chemical injury and the mechanism of damage. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients who were exposed to hydrofluoric acid from March 2004 to March 2009 and who were seen at the emergency centers in two university teaching hospitals. Results: Forty four patients out of 47 patients suffered from chemical burn, while the injuries of the remaining 3 could not be identified by the medical records. A total of 17 hydrofluoric acid chemical injury patients were enrolled during the study period, and their mean age was $29.6{\pm}7.0$. All the patients were accidentally injured by contact with the material and none of them inhaled or ingested the material. Only 6 patients wore appropriate protective equipments and 5 underwent the water irrigation for more than 10 minutes. The most common exposure area was the hand and forearm (70.5%). Less than 1% of all of the patients had their total body surface (TBS) exposed to hydrofluoric acid (mean=0.35%). The mean time interval from calcium gluconate administration to pain relief was $33.6{\pm}8.8$ hours. Conclusion: When exposed to hydrofluoric acid, it is important to wear protective equipment and undergo water irrigation for more than 10 minutes. Pain and skin damage were observed in all the patients. After treatment, we concluded that administration of calcium gluconate and pain killers was successful in relieving pain, and the prognosis was also positive for the admitted and followed up patients when less than 1% of the TBS was exposed.

• The Journal of Dong Guk Oriental Medicine
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.69-81
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• 2000

OBJECTIVE Iontophoresis is a kind of medical treatment of penetration of several ion into a body through skin by dirrect current. In oriental medicine for iontophoresis, it has little standard and method to extract the efficient element from herbal medicine. So we studied the quantitative analyzation of extracted Corydalis Tuber. METHODS AND MATERIALS Materials are Corydaline standard and extracted Corydalis Tuber, and the measurement methods of variation by time and pH are HPLC/UV, CG/MS. RESULTS 1. The chromatography and spectrometer of HPLC/UV on extracted Corydalis Tuber has no corydaline. 2. The CG/MS on extracted Corydalis Tuber has no corydaline. CONCLUSION According to the above results, when we extract herbal medicine for iontophoresis, we should consider special nature of the object herbal medicine to take the efficient element. And it needs more syudy on possibility of another element effect with the exception of Corydaline.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.26 no.9
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• pp.1074-1081
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• 2016

Mistletoes are hemi-parasitic plant growing on different host tree and shrubs. They are traditionally used in folkloric medicine for the treatment of diarrhea, cough, diabetes, hypertension, cancer and skin infection. The purpose of this study was to determine the contents of phenolics and antioxidant activity of 70% ethanol, 100% methanol and hot water extracts of Jeju camellia mistletoe (Korthalsella japonica Engl.). Ethanol was most effective in extracting total phenols (7,427 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/100 g) and flavonoid (1,777 mg rutin equivalent (RE)/100 g). The free radical scavenging activity, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) (EC₅₀ = 7.8 mg/ml) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) (EC₅₀ = 1.4 mg/ml), and the capacity for chelating metal ions (EC₅₀ = 8.0 mg/ml) and reducing power (EC₅₀ = 14.9 mg/ml) of the samples also higher in ethanolic extracts. The strong correlation (r² = −0.996～−0.881) between antioxidant capacities and the phenolic contents implied that phenolic compounds are a major contributor to the antioxidant activity of the ethanolic extracts of Jeju camellia mistletoe. As conclusions, Jeju camellia mistletoe contains bioactive substances with a potential for reducing the physiological as well as oxidative stress and this could explain the suggested cancer preventive effect of these plants as well as their protective role on other major diseases.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.11-19
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• 2016

In this study, we investigated the anti oxidative potential and protective effects of water extract of Leonurus sibiricus L. leaf (LSLW) against ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced oxidative damage in human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells). To evaluate the anti oxidative activity of LSLW, we measured DPPH radical, hydroxyl radical, hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion scavenging activities, lipid peroxidation inhibition, and reducing power of LSLW. For induction of oxidative stress in HaCaT cells, the cells were irradiated with UVB at 40 mJ/㎠. To investigate the protective effects of LSLW against UVB, we measured cell viability and apoptotic bodies using annexin V staining. LSLW showed anti oxidative activities by scavenging DPPH radical, hydroxyl radical, hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion and by reducing lipid peroxidation. In addition, LSLW showed high reducing values. The UVB-induced oxidative conditions led to cell apoptosis. However, treatment with LSLW ameliorated oxidative stress conditions, including inhibition of cell death, apoptotic body. Taken together, LSLW exhibited anti oxidative and protective effects against UVB-induced damage in HaCaT cells. Thus, LSLW could be useful for the development of cosmetics for UVB-induced skin aging.