• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.330-339
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• 2008

세라마이드, 콜레스테롤, 자유지방산은 각질세포간 주요 지질로써 피부장벽의 생성과 유지에 있어 중요한 역할을 담당한다. 그러나, 개에서 각질세포간 지질에 대한 역할은 거의 알려져 있지 않다. 본 연구는 개에서 1.25% sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS)에 의한 피부 장벽손상 유발후 2% 세라마이드, 2%콜레스테롤, 2% 리놀레익산과 이들 세가지 지질의 혼합제 (혼합제)의 장벽손상 복구를 평가하고자 실시하였다. 피부장벽기능은 표피경유수분소실(TEWL), 피부 수화도, 피부 산도, 피부 두께 측정을 통하여 평가하였고 최종적으로 조직학적 분석과 투과 전자 현미경 (TEM)을 통하여 피부 장벽구조를 평가하였다. SLS는 개의 피부에 효과적으로 피부장벽 손상을 유발하였다. 표피경유수분소실은 세라마이드와 혼합제 적용부위에서 계면활성제 및 대조군과 비교하여 유의적인 감소를 나타내었다 (p<0.05, p<0.01). 표피경유수분소실은 12일째에 모든 지질 적용군에서 유의적으로 감소하였으나 특히 세라마이드와 혼합제에서 콜레스테롤과 리놀레익산보다 유의적으로 감소하였다 (p<0.01). 실험 기간 동안, 피부 수화도는 세라마이드와 혼합제에서 유의적 증가를 보였다 (p<0.01). 조직학적 분석에서도 각각의 지질들은 피부손상을 회복시켰다. 특히 세라마이드와 혼합제의 효과가 탁월하였고 각질층의 두께도 대조군에 비해 유의적으로 증가되었다. 피부 산도는 세라마이드, 리놀레익산, 혼합제에서 유의적으로 감소하였다 (p<0.05). 따라서 세라마이드와 혼합제의 국소적용은 계면활성제에 의한 피부 장벽 손상에 효과가 탁월함을 확인하였으며 아토피와 같은 염증성 피부염과 외부 자극에 의한 피부 장벽 손상시에도 세라마이드 또는 혼합제의 병용이 효과적일 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.63-71
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• 2015

보습제는 피부과에서 가장 흔하게 사용하는 제품 중 하나로, 피부장벽을 유지시키고 피부가 촉촉하고 건강하게 보이게 하며, 영유아의 정상적인 피부발달에 매우 중요하게 작용한다. 하지만 보습제 도포가 정상 영유아의 피부에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지에 대한 연구는 제한적이다. 이에 건강한 정상 영유아에서 일반적인 보습제 도포가 피부에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 본 연구를 진행하였다. 31명의 피부염이 동반되지 않는 건강한 6 - 36개월 연령의 영유아를 대상으로, 하루 2회 목욕 후 눈과 기저귀 착용 부위를 제외한 전신에 존슨즈 베이비 내츄럴너리싱 로션을 4주간 도포하였다. 임상적 평가는 도포 전후, 1주, 4주에 실시하였다. 매 방문시 피부수분도와 경표피수분손실도, 피부산도 및 거칠기를 측정하였으며 피부표면을 촬영하여 비교하였고 보습제 도포 후 발생한 피부 발진을 포함한 모든 부작용을 기록하였다. 보습제 도포 후 피부수분도는 통계적으로 유의하게 증가하였으며, 경표피수분손실도와 거칠기는 통계적으로 유의하게 감소하였다. 피부산도는 약산성으로 조절되었으며, 육안적으로 피부표면은 매끄럽게 변화한 것이 관찰되었다. 임상 시험 기간 동안 부작용은 관찰되지 않았다. 본 실험을 통해 보습제 도포가 영유아의 피부에 있어 수분을 증가시키고, 피부장벽기능 증강과 약산성의 피부산도 조절 및 거칠기의 호전을 야기하며, 4주간의 보습제 도포가 미치는 영향의 정도를 확인할 수 있었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.277-290
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• 2008

The process of wound repair involves an ordered sequence of events such as overlapping biochemical and cellular events that, in the best of circumstances, result in the restoration of both the structural and functional integrity of the damaged tissue. An important event during wound healing is the contraction of newly formed connective tissues by fibroblasts. The polypeptide growth factors, like transforming growth factor-${\beta}$(TGF-${\beta}$, insulin-like growth factor I (IGF- I) and epidermal growth factor (EGF), play very important mediator roles in the process of wound contraction. Deer antlers, as models of mammalian regeneration, are cranial appendages that develop after birth as extensions of a permanent protuberance (pedicle) on the frontal bone. Antlers contain various growth factors which stimulate dermal fibroblast growth. They are involved in digestion and respiration and are necessary for normal wound healing and skin health. In order to investigate and evaluate the effects of red deer antlers on skin wound site, the speed of full-thickness skin wound healing and the expression of IGF-I, TGF-${\beta}$ and EGF in skin wounds, three groups of skin full-thickness rat models with a high concentration of antler ointment, a low concentration of antler ointment and without antler ointment were compared. At post-injury days 0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 20, 32, 40 and 60, the skin wound area was measured, the expressions of IGF-I, TGF- ${\beta}$ and EGF mRNA were detected by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and collagen formation by sirius red dye and the localization of IGF-I, TGF-${\beta}$ and EGF peptides were inspected by histological immunohistochemical techniques. Wound healing was significantly more rapid in antler treated skins. In addition, the wound treated with a high concentration antler ointment, a low concentration antler ointment, and the control closed completely at post-injury day 40, day 44 and day 60, respectively. Via RT-PCR, the expressions of IGF-I (day 8 and day 16), TGF-${\beta}$(day 8, day 16 and day 20) and EGF (day 4, day 8, day 16, and day 32) were obviously up-regulated in high concentration antler-treated skins compared to control skins. Similar results could be seen in the histological detection of collagen dye and immunohistochemical methods using the corresponding polyclone antibodies of IGF-I, TGF-${\beta}$ and EGF. These results illustrate that antlers stimulate and accelerate the repair of cutaneous wounds.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.844-847
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• 2005

A seamless analysis of complex geometry is one of greatly interesting topic. However, there are still gaps between the industrial applications and fundamental academic studies owing to time consuming modeling process. To resolve this problem, an auto mesh generation program based on grid-based approach has been developed for IT-product in the present study. At first, base mesh and skin mesh are generated using the information of entities which extracted from IGES file. Secondly the provisional core mesh with rugged boundary geometry is constructed by superimposing the skin mesh as well as the base mesh generated from the CAD model. Finally, the positions of boundary nodes are adjusted to make a qualified mesh by adapting node modification and smoothing techniques. Also, for the sake of verification of mesh quality, the hexahedral auto mesh constructed by the program is compared with the corresponding tetrahedral free mesh and hexahedral mapped mesh through static finite element analyses. Thereby, it is anticipated that the grid-based approach can be used as a promising pre-processor for integrity evaluation of various IT-products.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.237-244
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• 2018

Objective: Piglet pre-weaning mortality is an important variable indicating the efficacy of farrowing management and animal well-being during lactation. The present study determined the association of newborn traits measured soon after birth with piglet pre-weaning mortality and growth. Methods: In total, 805 piglets born from 57 multiparous sows were investigated. Their blood oxygen saturation, blood glucose and rectal temperature at 24 h after birth (RT24h) were monitored. Birth order, sex, skin color, integrity of the umbilical cord, attempts to stand and birth intervention were monitored. Piglets were weighed at day 0, 7, and 21 to evaluate average daily gain (ADG). Results: Piglet pre-weaning mortality for lactation period was 12.6% and cumulative mortality during the first 7 days of age was 8.6%. A higher proportion of piglets with pale skin color died compared to piglets with normal skin color (26.7% vs 7.7%, p<0.001). A higher (p<0.001) proportion of piglets that attempted to stand after 5 min (38.5%) died compared to piglets that attempted to stand within 1 min (6.3%) after birth. Piglet body weight at birth ($BW_B$), blood glucose and the number of piglets born alive (BA) were correlated with ADG (p<0.05). Piglets with $BW_B$ <1.30 kg had higher (p<0.001) mortality rate than piglets with $BW_B{\geq}1.80 kg$ (19.0% vs 3.3%) and piglets with $BW_B$ 1.30 to 1.79 kg (4.0%). Piglet with RT24h <$37.0^{\circ}C$ had higher (p<0.001) mortality rate (86.2%) than piglets with RT24h >$38.5^{\circ}C$ (3.9%). Conclusion: Low $BW_B$ and low RT24h compromise piglet survival during the lactation period in the tropical conditions. Piglets in the litters with a high BA, low $BW_B$ and low blood glucose have reduced ADG.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.707-713
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• 2009

Purpose: The deep inferior epigastric perforator(DIEP) free flap is well known as an ideal donor site for the breast reconstruction. The flap can provide huge amount of fat tissue for breast and buttock contour, while it is also very useful as a thin skin flap to reconstruct the upper and lower extremities. We used a DIEP free flap in various site reconstructions besides the breast and would like to reinsure the usefulness of this flap. Methods: Twenty nine consecutive patients who underwent DIEP free flap surgery from 2001 January to 2007 December were reviewed. The case constituted seven male patients and twenty two female patients. There were sixteen breast reconstructions, five face reconstructions, five lower extremity reconstructions, two upper extremity reconstructions, and one buttock contour reconstruction. All clinical data were based on the patient's medical records. Results: All DIEP free flaps survived without major complications. There was no hematoma, seroma, or partial necrosis. The donor sites were closed primarily with linear scar on lower abdomen. The thinnest part of flap was 0.7 cm in thickness. The size of the largest flap was $38{\times}13cm$. The flaps were used in various types of skin and adipose tissue, adipose tissue only, and skin only according to the requirement of recipient site. Conclusion: The DIEP free flap was enough to provide a thin and huge flap for both breast and extremity reconstructions. It was able to provide versatile designs with sufficient adipose tissue. So we use it for 3 - dimentional face and buttock contour reconstructions. The DIEP free flap is a valuable reconstructive donor for face, upper and lower extremity in addition to breast without compromising the integrity of abdominal wall.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2011년도 정기총회 및 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.2661-2665
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• 2011

In order to evaluate the structural integrity of a GFRP composite bogie frame due to flying railway ballast, the low velocity impact test and compressive test after impact was conducted for glass fiber/epoxy 4-harness satin woven laminate composites applied to skin part of a bogie frame. The impact test was performed using a instrumented impact testing system with energy levels of 5J, 10J and 20J and the designed impactor based on typical railway ballast shapes such as sphere, cube and cone to simulate the ballasted track environments. The compressive strength was tested to according to ASTM D7137 to evaluate the degradation of mechanical property of impact damaged laminate composites. The results showed that the damage area and the degradation of compressive strength after impact for laminate composites was increased with increase in impact energy for all ballast shapes and was particularly most influenced by cone ballast shape.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2000년도 추계종합학술대회 논문집(1)
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• pp.279-282
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• 2000

As digital systems continue to use components with faster edge rates and clock speeds, transmission of the digital information in these systems approaches the microwave realm. At these speeds digital signal fidelity becomes both a critical success factor and design challenge. The noise sources in digital systems include the noise in power supply, ground and packaging media due to simultaneous switching of drivers, signal reflections and distortions on single and multiple transmission lines. This paper presents theory, case studies and design considerations of gigabit interconnection for network and communication systems. The case studies show HSPICE and Ampredictor simulations of alternate approaches. Various subjects including skin effect and dielectric losses, interconnect simulations and crosstalks of connector, affected signal discontinuity, are addressed.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.68-79
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• 2010

Lower abdominal tissue is regarded as an ideal donor site for the breast reconstruction because it provides large skin territory and huge amount of soft tissues enough to the breast size. However it is not easy for the surgeon to reconstruct the really natural breast, and needs the learning curve with long time experience. Author represent the various reconstruction procedures for the breast using lower abdominal tissue such as muscle sparing free TRAM, DIEP, and SIEA free flaps to reinsure like breast. Indications, and selection of reconstructive methods, surgical timing, selection of donor sites and recipient vessel of these flaps were reviewed. In addition, detailed procedures, surgical tips and secondary adjuvant procedures are described for more symmetry of reconstructed breast. The muscle sparing free TRAM, DIEP, and SIEA free flaps would be enough to provide supple, huge amount of well vascularized tissue for the breast, if these flaps were selected for the appropriate indication according to patient's general condition, obesity, the opposite breast and abdominal tissue condition. Lower abdominal tissue was able to provide versatile designs with sufficient adipose tissue without compromising the integrity of abdominal wall.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.467-477
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• 2021

Staphylococcus aureus is a well-known pathogen that can cause diseases in humans. It can cause both mild superficial skin infections and serious deep tissue infections, including pneumonia, osteomyelitis, and infective endocarditis. To establish host infection, S. aureus manages a complex regulatory network to control virulence factor production in both temporal and host locations. Among these virulence factors, staphyloxanthin, a carotenoid pigment, has been shown to play a leading role in S. aureus pathogenesis. In addition, staphyloxanthin provides integrity to the bacterial cell membrane and limits host oxidative defense mechanisms. The overwhelming rise of Staphylococcus resistance to routinely used antibiotics has necessitated the development of novel anti-virulence agents to overcome this resistance. This review presents an overview of the chief virulence determinants in S. aureus. More attention will be paid to staphyloxanthin, which could be a possible target for anti-virulence agents.