• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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• v.1991 no.11
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• pp.126-128
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• 1991

Skin conductance level(SCL) was measured in 51 paralytic subjects. The measurements are made on the back of the second metacarpal according to the Zhang's method. Physical constitution is classified based on the Lee's physical constitution theory. The following tendencies were observed. In paralytic examinees, SCL of micro-positive physical constitution is generally higher than that of micro-negative and macro-negative physical constitution. And as Setting old, SCL is slightly decreased.

• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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• v.1992 no.11
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• pp.51-54
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• 1992

In this paper, we quantitatively evaluated the anxiety data from humans in an anxiety state. It has been reported that the electric signals of human can be correlated with their emotional state. We chose heart rate, respiration rate, temperature and skin conductance as the anxiety parameters. For experiment protocol, the subject was given exercising load to induce the anxiety state and the exercise was done using the FITRON Cycle Ergometer. We divided the data into three stages: rest period, exercise period, and recovery period. During evaluation, We counted the heart rate, slope of heart rate, temperature change, and the skin conductance.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.187-192
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• 1992

Skin conductance level (SCL) is used to analyze the individual differences in pathological states. The points of measurement were on the back of the second metacarpals, according to the Zhang's biological whole body medical treatment method. SCL was measured in 38 healthy men and women and in 98 patients in lung, liver, stomach, kidney, and paralysis. The classification of the physical constitution was done to them with respect to Lee's physical constitution theory. The following tendencies were observed. 1. SCL in patients group is lower than that in healthy group. 2. In healthy group, SCL in micro-positive physical constitution is higher than those of micro-negative and macro-negative physical constitution. 3. In patients group, SCL in micro-positive physical constitution is lower than those of micro-negative and macro-negative physical constitution vice versa.

• The Journal of the Society of Korean Medicine Diagnostics
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.57-67
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• 2018

Objectives The objective of this study is to examine the interpretability of the questionnaire-based pattern identification in terms of biosignals. For this purpose, we investigate the relationship between electrochemical skin conductance (ESC) and Qi-Blood-Yin-Yang Deficiency Questionnaire (QBYY-Q) in diabetic patients. Methods A total of 40 patients with diabetes mellitus answered the QBYY-Q and their ESC were measured by SUDOSCAN device (a diabetes screening device, France). To analyze the relationship between QBYY-Q and ESC, ANOVA analysis and Scheffe test were performed and Pearson correlation coefficients were obtained. Results Of the 40 diabetic patients, 23 (57.5%) were males and 17 (42.5%) were females. According to the QBYY-Q, 9 patients were classified into Qi deficiency pattern (QD), 9 patients were Blood deficiency pattern (BD), 10 patients were Yin deficiency pattern (YiD) and 12 patients were Yang deficiency pattern (YaD). Demographic information (age, body mass index, duration of illness, etc.), signs of vitality (blood pressure, body temperature, etc.), fasting plasma glucose and glycated hemoglobin were not significantly different in each deficiency pattern. The ESC of the right leg was significantly lower in the BD group compared to the YiD group (p<0.022). Pearson's correlation coefficient was negatively correlated with the BD questionnaire score (r=-0.343, p <0.05). Finally, ESC showed a positive correlation with hemoglobin and erythrocyte levels in all limbs (r=0.483, p<0.01). Conclusions We showed that ESC could be used to classify the Deficiency pattern identifications in diabetic patients. Especially, the ESC was significantly lower in the BD group and was negatively correlated with the BD scores. It implies the potential utility of the ESC to understand the BD in terms of modern biosignals.

• Proceedings of the SCSK Conference
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• 2003.09b
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• pp.456-457
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• 2003

The use of relaxing cosmetic products is more and more widespread on the self care market, since stress is considered as a major cause of discomfort in modem life. Cortisol, the stress hormone, helps the human body to regulate itself by acting on carbonhydrate, proteins and fat metabolisms. IgA are immune molecules involved in the stress response of the human body. The less the human body is stressed, the more the salivary IgA rate increases. Salivary cortisol and IgA have the advantage of being easily assessed with non invasive methods. Finally, conductance is the measurement of the modification in the electrical resistance of the skin. By this means, the measurement of the conductance enable the assessment of somebody's stress.(omitted)

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.45-52
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• 2011

Objective : The aim of this study was to provide the method to measure physiologic response using equipments and auditory stimulation, and the physiologic response features of adult psychiatric disorders through a systemic review. Methods : The systemic review was executed using PubMed. The key words for search were "auditory stimulation, auditory startle, electromyograph, skin conductance, heart rate, psychiatric disorder, anxiety disorder, schizophrenia, depression". 8 studies were used for data analysis, and all of levels of evidence were level II. The substances of the review were subject(population), auditory stimulation, measure equipments and physiologic response features of psychiatric disorder. Results : 1. The subjects for the studies were anxiety disorder(4) and schizophrenia(4). 2. Auditory stimulation was used in 8 studies and visual stimulation with auditory stimulation was used in 2 studies to induce physiologic response. 3. Every study used electromyograph, and skin conductance was used in 2 studies and heart rate was used in 2 studies with electromyograph to measure physiologic response. 4. The subjects for the studies, schizophrenia and anxiety disorder(PTSD, OCD) have different physiologic response features with the normal control group. Conclusion : All studies used simple tones as an auditory stimulation and electromyograph to measure physiologic response. Psychiatric disorders indicated larger response, shorter and delayed habituation. The objective and systematic study using physiologic measure to investigate the sensory feature of psychologic disorders.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.104-109
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• 2007

Objective : In the present study, we evaluated the differences between the skin electric conductance of patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and normal controls in order to determine the possibility of using skin electric conductance as a diagnostic measure. Method : The PTSD group included 14 subjects who were diagnosed with PTSD in St. Mary's Hospital after a motor vehicle accident, and the normal control group included 12 healthy subjects. The conductivity and capacitance of both groups were measured twice, and the data from each group was compared. Results : There was no significant difference in gender, but the patients in the PTSD group were significantly older than those in normal control group. The activity (conductivity) between the left head-left hand, right hand-right head, and right head-left head was significantly elevated in the PTSD group as compared with the normal control group. In addition, the reactivity (capacitance) between the right head-left head, left head-left hand, right hand-left hand, right hand-right foot, right foot-left foot, and left foot-left hand was significantly elevated in the PTSD group. Conclusion : In this study, the skin electric conductance of the patients with PTSD was significantly elevated in comparison with that of the healthy subjects. Although there were some limitations of this study, the results of this study suggested that skin electric conductance can be used to evaluate elevated psychophysiological responses in patients with PTSD. Future studies with more subjects and more structure are needed in order to confirm our results.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.18-22
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigated correlation between personal aggression and skin conductance level during watching attack image. Twenty three male ($21.4\pm1.8$ years) college students participated in this experiment. A personal aggression of each subject measured by questionnaire. The experimental procedure consisted of four phases, i.e., rest state (15 min), control image 1 (2 min. 14 sec), aggression image (50 sec), and control image 2 (2 min. 14 sec). Control image 1 and 2 consisted of sea, mountain, and valley scenary. Aggression image used scenes of the violence movie. Skin Conductance Level (SCL) of electrothermal activity was measured during watching the images. The SCL was greater during aggression image than during control image 1 and 2. A negative correlation was found between aggressive personality and change rate of SCL during watching aggression image compared to control image 1. This results suggests that aggression image was accompanied by the higher activation of Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS). Also, the higher aggression scores, an increasing rate of SNS activation was become smaller during watching aggression image.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.53-67
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• 2011

Human state in human-machine systems highly affects the overall system performance, and should be detected and monitored. Physiological cues are essential indicators of human state and useful for the purpose of monitoring. The study presented in this paper was focused on developing a bio-inspired sensing system, i.e., Nano-Skin, to non-intrusively measure physiological cues on human-machine contact surfaces to detect human state. The paper is presented in three parts. The first part is to analyze the relationship between human state and physiological cues, and to introduce the conceptual design of Nano-Skin. Generally, heart rate, skin conductance, skin temperature, operating force, blood alcohol concentration, sweat rate, and electromyography are closely related with human state. They can be measured through human-machine contact surfaces using Nano-Skin. The second part is to discuss the technologies for skin temperature measurement. The third part is to introduce the design and manufacture of the Nano-Skin for skin temperature measurement. Experiments were performed to verify the performance of the Nano-Skin in temperature measurement. Overall, the study concludes that Nano-Skin is a promising product for measuring physiological cues on human-machine contact surfaces to detect human state.

• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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• spring
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• pp.269-273
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• 1999

Combination of mental stress task with noise background is a traditional tool employed in psychophysiology. However, intensity of background noise is a factor affecting both performance on test and psychophysiological responses associated with stress evoked by mental load in noisy environment. In the current study on 7 subjects we analyzed the influence of white noise (WN) intensity (55, 70, and 85 dB[A] ) on psychophysiological responses during word recognition test performed on noise background. There were recorded following physiological variables: electrodermal activity (EDA) , namely, skin conductance level (SCL), skin conductance response (SCR) amplitude (SCR-A), rise time and total number of SCRs (N-SCR); cardiovascular activity, e.g., heart rate (HR), respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) index, pulse transit time (PTT), finger pulse volume (PV), skin temperature (SKT) and respiratory activity, such as respiration rate (RESP-R) and inspiration wane amplitude (RESP-A) during baseline resting state and 40 s long performance on 3 similar Korean word recognition tests with different WN intensity (55, 70, and 85 dB). Electrodermal responses (SCR-A, SCL, N-SCR) demonstrated gradual increment with increased intensity of noise, and this increase of response magnitude with higher intensity of noise was typical also for r skin temperature (phasic SKT decrease) and pulse volume (phasic and tonic PV decrease). However, some cardiovascular and respiratory responses did not exhibit same tendency of gradual increase of reactivity , namely HR, as well as RESP-R and RESP-A showed decrement of response magnitudes. Important finding in terms of cardiovascular reactivity was that 55 and 70dB evoked similar profiles, while 85dB WN resulted in significantly different profile of reactions, suggesting that there exists a threshold level after which intensive auditory stimulation elicits psychophyslological responses pattern of different quality. There are discussed potential autonomic mechanism involved in mediation of observed physiological responses.