• Applied Microscopy
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.35-42
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• 2012

피부는 인체에서 가장 큰 조직으로 가장 바깥쪽에 존재하며 다양한 기능을 수행한다. 항상성 유지를 위한 체온조절, 외부 이물질 등에 대한 보호작용, 그리고 촉각이나 통각 및 온도를 느끼는 역할을 수행한다. 이러한 피부는 손톱, 발톱, 털, 땀샘 등의 다양한 부속기관을 가지고 있으며 나이, 성별, 생활환경 등에 의해 다양한 특징을 보이게 된다. 특히 손발의 주름과 같은 미세지형은 피부의 부위에 따라 다양한 형태를 지니며 성별에 따른 차이도 보이는 것으로 알려져 있다. 그러나 한국인 건강한 청년의 피부미세지형에 관한 연구는 아직 진행되지 않았다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 한국인 청년을 대상으로 아래팔 앞쪽, 손등 그리고 가운데 손가락 첫째 마디 등쪽의 피부미세지형을 분석하고 성별 및 위치에 따른 차이를 분석하고자 한다. 실리콘을 이용하여 측정하고자 하는 피부 위치의 모사판을 획득하였으며 획득된 시료는 주름의 빈도, 폭, 깊이 등을 측정하기 위하여 얇게 세절하여 실체현미경으로 촬영 하였으며 성별간 차이와 성별 내 위치간 차이에 대해 측정 및 분석하였다. 남성과 여성에서 주름 빈도의 경우 손등과 아래팔 앞쪽은 여성이, 손가락은 남성이 통계적으로 유의하게 높았으며 동일 성별의 경우 남녀 모두 손가락의 경우에 주름의 빈도가 높게 나타남을 알 수 있었다. 상기 연구에 의한 결과는 건강한 젊은 남녀 한국인 피부 미세지형 자료로 추후 진행될 피부와 관련된 다양한 연구에 기초자료로 활용될 수 있으리라 생각된다.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.1
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• pp.181.1-181.1
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• 2003

Polyphenolic compounds have been reported to exhibit a wide range of pharmacological properties. In this study. we investigated the hepatoprotective effect of skin and seed of grape which contain abundant polyphenol compounds on dimethylnitrosamine(DMN)-induced liver damage in rats. Ingestion of skin and seed of grape (10％ diet, daily for 4 weeks) into the DMN-treated rats remarkably prevented the elevation of serum alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase and alkaline phosphatase, and bilirubin levels. (omitted)

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.228-230
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• 1996

Cannabigerol(3) was synthesized and evaluated for its inhibitory activity against mouse skin melanoma cells. Cannabigerol displayed significant antitumor activity [inhibitory concentration $(IC_{50})=31.31\mug/mL]$ in vitro assay.

• BMB Reports
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• 제47권10호
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• pp.581-586
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• 2014

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is known to play key roles in skin regeneration and wound-healing. Here, we demonstrate that Pep2-YAC, a tripeptide covering residues 29-31 in the B loop of EGF, promotes the proliferation of HaCaT keratinocytes with activity comparable to EGF. The treatment of HaCaT cells with Pep2-YAC induced phosphorylation, internalization, and degradation of EGFR and organization of signaling complexes, which consist of Grb2, Gab1, SHP2, and PI3K. In addition, it stimulated the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 at Thr 202/Tyr 204 and of Akt1 at Ser 473 and the nuclear translocation of EGFR, STAT3, c-Jun, and c-Fos. These results suggest that Pep2-YAC may be useful as a therapeutic agent for skin regeneration and wound-healing as an EGFR agonist.

• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• 제57권1호
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• pp.25-30
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• 2024

The aim of this study was to identify the anatomical feature of retaining ligament and fat compartment on the lower eyelid and infraorbital region using a histological method, and to investigate clear definitions for them which could be used generally in the clinical area. Eighteen specimens from eight fresh Korean cadavers were stained with Masson trichrome or hematoxylin and eosin. The ligamentous and fascial fibrous tissue were clearly identified. The ligamentous fibrous tissue which traversed in the superficial and deep fat layer was skin ligament and orbicularis retaining ligament (ORL). The fascial fibrous tissue enclosed the orbicularis oculi muscle (OOc) and circumferencial adipose tissue. Based on the ligamentous and fascial structure, three fat compartments, septal, suborbicularis oculi and infraorbital fat compartment, could be identified. The OOc attached to orbital rim and dermis by ORL and skin ligament, and the muscle fascicle and fat fascicle provided the connection point to the ORL and skin ligament as enclosing all muscle and fat tissue. The combination of the force made by the skin ligament in the lower eyelid and ORL may decide the level and form of the infraorbital grooves.

• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• 제57권2호
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• pp.278-287
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• 2024

Striated muscle insertions into the skin and mucosa are present in the head, neck, and pelvic floor. We reexamined the histology of these tissues to elucidate their role in transmission of the force. We examined histological sections of 25 human fetuses (gestational ages of ~11-19 weeks and ~26-40 weeks) and 6 cadavers of elderly individuals. Facial muscle insertion or terminal almost always formed as an interdigitation with another muscle or as a circular arrangement in which muscle fiber insertions were sandwiched and mechanically supported by other muscle fibers (like an in-series muscle). Our examination of the face revealed some limited exceptions in which muscle fibers that approached the dermis were always in the nasalis and mentalis muscles, and often in the levator labii superioris alaeque nasi muscle. The buccinator muscle was consistently inserted into the basement membrane of the oral mucosa. Parts of the uvulae muscle in the soft palate and of the intrinsic vertical muscle of the tongue were likely to direct toward the mucosa. In contrast, the pelvic floor did not contain striated muscle fibers that were directed toward the skin or mucosa. Although 'cutaneous muscle' is a common term, the actual insertion of a muscle into the skin or mucosa seemed to be very rare. Instead, superficial muscle insertion often consisted of interdigitated muscle bundles that had different functional vectors. In this case, the terminal of one muscle bundle was sandwiched and fixed mechanically by other bundles.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.171-177
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• 2013

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the mechanism of Cosmetic Acupuncture through reinterpretation of anatomy and physiology. Methods : The causes of wrinkle increases and rapid aging of facial skin were studied and the theoretical system of Cosmetic Acupuncture treatment was analyzed through anatomy and physiology reinterpretation. Results and Conclusions : An increase in wrinkles and rapid aging of facial skin is caused by xerosis. Skin condition represents the condition of subcutaneous muscle. The reason why skin becomes easily dry is the heat produced by craniofacial part. Craniofacial part always generates lot of physiological fever because of the muscles. This physiological fever is produced from the muscles that are responsible for maintaining skull suture, controlling the movement of temporomandibular joint, maintaining head and neck posture. Controlling this fever is the crux of Cosmetic Acupuncture mechanism. These muscles correspond to Foot Taeyang meridian-muscle, Foot Soyang meridian-muscle and Foot Yangmyung meridian-muscle. Cosmetic Acupuncture is effective for preventing facial skin from aging and wrinkle increase by mechanical stimulus on facial muscles, and for controlling craniofacial part meridian-muscle system producing the heat.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.47-58
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• 2008

The anticancer and antioxidant effect of different lengths of saturated fatty acids was tested on NIH3T3 fibroblasts and human skin melanoma cellsn in this study. The cell existence rate and antioxidizing capacity and optic reservation of cells were observed. This saturated fatty acid was concentration-dependent. IC50 Concentrations in NIH3T3 fibroblasts, human skin melanoma cells and DPPH radical scavenging activity of fatty acid was increasing the order of carbochain length ; caprylic acid < lauric acid < palmitic acid < stearic acid. The reduction in cell number and morphological change in human skin melanoma cells was increasing the order of carbochain length ; caprylic acid < lauric acid < palmitic acid < stearic acid. These results suggest that carbochain length of fatty acid can be used as structure-activity relationships for anticancer and antioxidant.

• Journal of Korean Dental Science
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.101-109
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• 2021

Purpose: For minimally invasive procedures, three-dimensional (3D) anatomical knowledge of the structures of the face is essential. This study aimed to describe the thickness of the skin and subcutaneous tissue and depths of the facial muscles located in the infraorbital region using a 3D scanner to provide critical clinical anatomical guidelines for improving minimally invasive cosmetic procedures. Materials and Methods: The 3D scanning images of 38 Korean cadavers (22 males and 16 females; age range: 51~94 years at the time of death) were analyzed. Eight facial landmarks (P1~P8) were marked on the cadaveric faces. The images were scanned in three steps-undissected face, hemiface after skinning, and revealing the facial muscles. Student's t-test was used to identify significant differences. Result: The skin and subcutaneous tissue tended to become thicker from the upper to lower and medial to lateral aspects, and the muscles followed the same pattern as that of the most superficial located muscle and the deepest located muscles. No significant sex-related differences were found in the skin at any landmark. However, the muscles tended to be deeper in the female participants. Conclusion: The study data can serve as a basis for creating or enhancing clinical anatomy-based guidelines or improving procedures in the infraorbital region.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.121-125
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• 2018

Objectives: This study was carried out to analyse Hand Greater Yang Skin in human. Methods: Hand Greater Yang meridian was labeled with latex in the body surface of the cadaver. And subsequently body among superficial fascia and muscular layer were dissected in order to observe internal structures. Results : A depth of Skin encompasses a common integument and a immediately below superficial fascia, this study established Skin boundary with adjacent structures such as relative muscle, tendon as compass. The Skin area of the Hand Greater Yang in human are as follows: The skin close to 0.1chon ulnad of $5^{th}$ nail angle, ulnad base of $5^{th}$ phalanx, ulnad head of $5^{th}$ metacapus(relevant muscle: abductor digiti minimi muscle), ulnad of hamate, tip of ulnar styloid process(extensor carpi ulnaris tendon), radiad of ulnar styloid process, 2cm below midpoint between Sohae and Yanggok(extensor carpi ulnaris), between medial epicondyle of humerus and olecranon of ulnar(ulnar nerve), The skin close to deltoid muscle, trapezius muscle, platysma muscle, inner muscles such as teres major muscle, infraspinatus muscle, supraspinatus muscle, levator scapulae muscle, splenius cervicis muscle, splenius capitis muscle, sternocleidomastoid muscle, digastric muscle, stylohyoid muscle, zygomaticus major muscle, auricularis anterior muscle. Conclusions: The Skin area of the Hand Greater Yang from the anatomical viewpoint seems to be the skin area outside the superficial fascia or muscles involved in the pathway of Hand Greater Yang meridian, collateral meridian, meridian muscle, with the condition that we consider adjacent skins.