• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.391-397
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• 1996

The aim of this study was to assess the allergenic potential of 0.3% DA-5018 cream, a non-narcotic analgesic agent, using a guinea pig maximization test. Five male and female guinea pigs in the experimental group were sensitized in two steps. First, ,0.3% DA-5018 cream was injected intradermally, and 7 days later, the material was applied topically. After another 2 weeks test material was applied, the skin response was evaluated by visual observation. Five male and female guinea pigs served as cream base group, negative(ultreated) group or positive (2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene, DNCB) group, respectively. 0.3% DA-5018 cream provoked slight erythema in 1 out of 5 cases in male and female guinea pigs sensitized with 0.3% DA-5018 cream or cream base. The animals challenged with cream base also showed slight erythema in 1/5 female guinea pig sensitized with 0.3% 3A-5018 cream or 2/5 male guinea pjgs sensitized with cream base, respectively. Histologically, however, no indication of skin sensitization was observed in all of these cases. The positive control group was sensitized with 0.1% DNCB suspended in olive oil and challenged with 0.01% and 0.1% DNCB ointment, all the animal showed remarkable skin reactions and obvious skin sensitization reactions in a dose dependent manner. From the challenge test it was evident that 0.3% DA-5018 cream did not elicit positive skin reaction interpreted as delayed hypersensitivity reactions, compared with cream base or untreated control group. These findings indicate that allergenic side effects by 0.3% DA-5018 cream is not likely in the clinical use.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.59-61
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• 2011

Objectives: The purpose of this case report are to introduce an Anaphylaxis occurred when using Sweet Bee Venom (SBV) and common Bee Venom (CBC) at the same time and a risk when used SBV and CBC together without skin test. Methods: A patient, an Anaphylaxis occurred when treated her with SBV and CBC at the same time without additional skin test, we observed the progress of the Anaphylaxis with care for her. Results & Conclusions: The Anaphylaxis in the patient was taken a turn for the better by emergency response. Based on this case, Sometimes the use of SBV and CBC at the same time without skin test can be dangerous, and to avoid the risk when used CBC together, in advance allergy test should be conducted.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.173-181
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• 2021

Chinese people have increasingly high interests in skin care and trust and prefer medical institution products and equipment to treat skin problems. The purpose of this study is to examine skin types and skin care situations, skin care recognition, and skin care satisfaction by gender in medical skin care center patients from in their 10s to 50s in Hainan Province, China. The questionnaire survey consisted of general characteristics(n=8), skin care situations(n=6), skin care recognition(n=11), and skin care satisfaction(n=21). A total of 328 questionnaires were researched from December 21, 2020 to January 9, 2021 using WeChat and Wenjuanxing program. Data were analyzed by SPSSWIN 21.0. Frequency analysis was applied for general characteristics, skin care situations, skin care recognition, and skin care satisfaction and Cronbach's α was used for the reliability of skin care recognition and satisfaction. The relationship among skin care situations, skin care recognition, and skin care satisfaction was analyzed by χ² test and t-test. As a result, the common skin types by gender was dry skin in females and oily skin in males. The highest skin trouble was melasma and pigments in females and pimple in males. The most common way to manage troubled skin was homecare in both females and males, followed by the dermatology department in females and pharmacy in males, suggesting a significant difference. The common period of skin trouble was from one year to three years and the most effective way to improve skin was good life habit, followed by laser treatment in both females and males. The most important consideration to choose a hospital was a famous franchise hospital and the most important matters in management was doctor or skin care professionalism. Skin care and treatment recognition was high in external effects for females and internal effects for males. Skin care satisfaction was high in service for females and effect for males. Skin care satisfaction was significantly higher in males than in females. In conclusion, there was a difference in skin types, skin troubles, skin problems, skin care ways, and skin care satisfaction by gender in Chinese medical skin care center patients. Therefore, this study suggests the development of various products and the need of systematic management programs.

• Composites Research
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.45-51
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• 2002

Smart skin, a multi-layer structure of composed or different materials, was designed and fabricated. Tests and analyses are conducted to study the characteristics of its behavior under compression and bending loads. The designed smart skin failed due to premature buckling before compression failure. It was confirmed that shear moduli of honeycomb core affect structural stability of smart skin. A new test method and device were designed fur better measurement of shear moduli of honeycomb core. Numerical prediction of structural behavior of smart skin by NASTRAN agreed well with experimental data.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.117-117
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• 2001

The aim of this study was to assess a possible alternative method as replacement for in vivo phototoxicity test. The 3T3 mouse fibroblast neutral red uptake phototoxicity assay (3T3 NRU PT assay) is a screening method for studying DNA or cellular damage. Photohemolysis assay is a mechanistic study for investigating oxygen-dependent membrane damage.(omitted)

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.71-76
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• 1994

Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities and skin irritation of piroxicam patch were investigated. Piroxicam patch increased the pain threshold in rat hind paw inflamed by carrageenan and inhibited writhing induced by acetic acid in mice. Piroxicam patch also inhibited the carrageenan-induced edema in rat hind paw as well as the increased vascular permeability induced by histamine in rats. In adjuvant arthritis of rats, piroxicam patch showed anti-inflammatory effects. Skin irritation of piroxicam patch was tested in Newzealand White rabbits and evaluated by Primary Irritation Index of Draize. The results from skin irritation test showed that piroxicam patch seemed practically non-irritating. The result from the present study indicates that piroxicam may be useful without serious side effects as anti-inflammatory analgesics in this patch form.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.77-86
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• 2017

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare permeation characteristics in three skin types using oil-soluble benzoic acid and water-soluble caffeine after method condition optimization based on OECD guideline 428. Methods: A Franz diffusion cell, a reliable alternative method for skin permeation, was used. One-milliliter samples were taken and immediately replaced with fresh solution in the receptor chamber at regular time intervals (1, 2, 4, 7, 10 and 24 hr). The amount of test substances was measured by LC-MS/MS. Results: The permeation rate increased dose-dependently, and the permeation orders were $KeraSkin^{TM}$ > hairless mouse full skin > human cadaver epidermis for skin types, and benzoic acid solution > caffeine solution > benzoic acid cream > caffeine cream for type of test materials. Conclusion: According to the definitions of Marzulli, benzoic acid and caffeine would be classified as 'fast' and 'moderate' compared with the permeation of other chemical species. The setting conditions and permeation characteristics performed in this study are expected to contribute to future permeation studies.

• Journal of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.102-113
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• 2020

Purpose: To demonstrate the importance of comprehensive skin observation as an effective intervention for pressure injury prevention in elderly long-term care hospital patients. Methods: The survey was conducted with 70 nursing staff members working at two long-term care hospitals with 200 beds or less in D city. Data were collected from October 16 to October 23, 2019 and analyzed using descriptive statistics, the chi-square test, and the independent t-test with the SPSS 25.0 program. Results: Nursing care knowledge for pressure injury was similar between the two groups. Conversely, nursing care performance for pressure injury degree of the nursing staff in the hospital using skin observation records performed better than those who did not (t=6.11, p<.001). Furthermore, comprehensive skin assessments in long-term care hospitals using skin observation records showed a lower incidence rate of pressure injury than that showed using general skin assessments (t=-5.28, p=.006). Conclusions: Comprehensive skin assessment is important for pressure injury prevention in elderly long-term care hospital patients. To implement this effectively, it is necessary to devise institutional regulations, guidelines, and systematic education programs.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.159-164
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• 2006

Our study investigated the prevalence of allergic conjunctivitis and skin prick test reactivity and type of allergen from 1352 individuals living in Gwangyang city. The prevalence of allergic conjunctivitis symptom were 40,2% of study subjects and diagnosised subjects with allergic conjunctivitis of them were 15.8%. In skin prick test, 20.2% of total subjects had at least one positive skin prick reaction and positive skin prick reaction with allergic conjunctivitis of subjects was 21.3%(n=103). Their major allergens were indoor allergen like dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Dermatophagoides farinae.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.35 no.12
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• pp.7-13
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• 2019

In the case of the drilled shaft, one of the methods for calculating unit skin friction stress of rock socket parts is to measure the roughness of the excavated face. This method is to estimate the unit skin frictional resistance using a device which measures the roughness shape of the excavated face in the excavation step. In this study, the roughness shapes of the face of the rock socket part in the drilled shaft were measured directly in the perforated hole and the results are used to identify the characteristics of the unit skin friction of the bedrock. In addition, the static load test and the load transfer test were performed on the same pile to verify the result of the roughness test.