• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.37-43
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• 2018

Chamaecyparis obtusa (CO) has recently been attracting attention because of its beneficial effects on skin allergies, atopic dermatitis, and skin diseases, such as acne and eczema. In the present study, the extract from CO leaf grown in Jangseong gun, Jeollanam-do, Korea was evaluated for its anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-allergic effects in vitro. The total polyphenol content of the CO leaf extract was $25.89{\pm}0.31mg$ gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g. Gas-chromatography mass-spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed the presence of six compounds in the CO leaf extract: ${\alpha}-terpinene$ (3.03 mg/g), ${\alpha}-terpineol$ (9.48 mg/g), limonene (5.96 mg/g), borneol (59.78 mg/g), myrcene (4.85 mg/g), and sabinene (11.31 mg/g). The $RC_{50}$ values of the CO leaf extract for $H_2O_2$ and ABTS radical were $5.47{\pm}0.13mg/mL$ and $4.00{\pm}0.01mg/mL$, respectively. In addition, the CO leaf extract showed significant inhibitory effects on lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production in RAW 264.7 cells and IgE-induced release of ${\beta}-hexosaminidase$ (degranulation) in mast-cell like RBL-2H3 cells. The cell viability assay showed that the CO leaf extract ($100{\sim}800{\mu}g/mL$) did not affect the viability of human normal skin fibroblast CCD-986sk cells significantly. Overall, these results suggest that the CO leaf extract is a potential functional cosmetic ingredient that can exert anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-allergic effects.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.198-204
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• 2014

Ultraviolet B (UV-B) irradiation is a negative factor that induces skin damage, inflammation, and aging. UVB irradiation induces the inflammatory response through interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 expression in keratinocytes. In addition, it induces the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the activation of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), which plays an important role in collagen 1 degradation in the extracellular matrix. We investigated the antiaging effects of five kinds of berry in human skin keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells using juice of black raspberry (Rubus occidentalis), blueberry wild (Vacciniun angustifolium) and cultivar (Vacciniun corymbosum), black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott), and mulberry (Morus abla). HaCaT cells irradiated with UV-B exhibited increased ROS generation, as well as IL-6, IL-8, and MMP-1 gene expression, when compared to the control cells that were not irradiated with UV-B. However, pre-treatment of berry juice before UV-B irradiation significantly down-regulated the UV-B-induced ROS generation and inflammatory cytokine and MMP-1 expression. The results suggest that all berries have anti-aging effects including lowering inflammatory cytokine levels, ROS generation, and MMP-1 expression in HaCaT cells during UV-B irradiation.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.9-18
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• 2024

Smilax china is known for its excellent antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. As a foundational study for applying the functionality of Smilax china extracts to cosmetics, it is necessory to investigate the concentration-dependent skin permation characteristics of the flavonoids in the extract, namely quercetin, catechin, and naringenin. Therefore, it serves as a crucial method for conducting this basic research on the functional aspects fo Smilax china extracts for cosmetic applications. This investigation focused on examining the percutaneous permeability characteristics of flavonoids originating from Smilax china. Applying Marzulli's definition, the Kp value of quercetin was categorized as "fast" at 0.1 mg/mL and "moderate" at 0.2 and 0.4 mg/mL. Notably, the permeation rate exhibited a decline with increasing concentration. For naringenin, Flux values were 0.69, 1.07, and 1.42 ㎍/hr/cm² at concentrations of 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 mg/mL, respectively, with corresponding Kp values of 6.95, 5.34, and 3.56. Naringenin's Kp value fell into the "moderate" category across all concentrations, and as observed with quercetin, the permeation rate decreased with higher concentrations. Likewise, for catechin, Flux values were 0.75, 1.09, and 1.66 ㎍/hr/cm², and corresponding Kp values were 7.55, 5.46, and 4.16. Catechin's Kp value was consistently classified as "moderate" across all concentrations. The efficacy of quercetin, catechin, and naringenin, active ingredients in high-performance and anti-inflammatory Smilax china extracts, was found to exhibit skin penetration properties above the average. This confirms their suitability as excellent natural materials for use in functional cosmetics, given their outstanding capabilities in preventing acne and reducing inflammation.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.372-385
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• 1999

Background: The purpose of this study was to examine the causes and pathologic process of chronic non-productive cough as an isolated symptom with a normal spirometry and chest radiograph by investigating clinicopathologic findings. Method: We studied 25 adults with chronic non-productive cough over a 3-week period with a normal chest radiograph and pulmonary function tests without any other symptoms. Clinical assessment, cough score, chest and sinus radiograph, pulmonary function tests, methacholine challenge, allergic skin prick test, and bronchoscopy for bronchial biopsies were performed. Subjects were then treated with prednesolone 20 to 30 mg/day for 1 to 2 weeks. Results: The experimental group was divided into two subgroups-those infiltrated with eosinophils, and those infiltrated with lymphocytes depending on eosinophil and lymphocyte counts, both of which were respectively higher than those of the control group. Eosinophils infiltrated group had mean numbers of eosinophil of 89.8 $cells/mm^3$ while control group's mean was 0.4 $cells/mm^2$(p=0.005). Lymphocyte infiltrated group was 4 patients whose mean was 84.3 $cells/mm^2$ with 28.4 $cells/mm^2$ of control group(P=0.026). In addition, the mean thickness of the basement membrane of experimental group was $14.20{\pm}5.20{\mu}m$ in contrast of control group whose mean was $3.50{\pm}1.37{\mu}m$(P=0.001). With the methacholine challenge test, 7 of the 21 eosinophil infiltrated subjects were diagnosed with cough variant asthma ; the other 14 with eosinophilic bronchitis. Three subjects with eosinophilic bronchitis were atopic positive (21.4%) with the skin prick test In the lymphocyte dominant group, all four subjects were diagnosed with lymphocytic bronchitis. Cough score was improved after steroid treatment in 22 of 25 subjects in the experimental group (88.0%). Conclusion: These results suggest chronic non-productive cough as an isolated symptom with a normal spirometry and chest radiograph was associated with airway inflammation by eosinophil and lymphocyte infiltration. The causes for chronic non-productive cough were eosinophilic bronchitis, cough variant asthma, and lymphocytic bronchitis(written in frequency). They further suggest that therapeutic treatment with steroids can provide effective symptomatic relief.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.358-363
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• 2004

Background : Photodynamic therapy (PDT) involves the use of photosensitizing agents for treatment of malignant disease. PDT is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the endobronchial microinvasive nonsmall cell lung cancer and for palliation in patients with obstructing tumors. We report our experience and results of PDT in lung cancer. Method : Ten patients with lung cancer who were diagnosed in Chosun university hospital by histologic confirm through bronchoscopy were included between August 2002 and May 2003. The photosensitizer (Photogem$^{(R)}$, Lomonosov institute of Fine Chemical, Russia/dose 2.0 mg/kg body weight) was injected 48 hours prior to the PDT session. For PDT with the photosensitizer (Photogem$^{(R)}$), Diode LASER system (Biolitec Inc., Germany, wavelength; 633nm) were used. PDTs were done at 48-72 hours after photogem injection. Follow up bronchoscopy and chest X-ray or thorax computerized tomography were done for evaluate PDT response. Results : 9 of 10 patients with endobronchial obstruction showed partial remission with bronchus opening after PDT. Direct reaction of the tumor to PDT was similar in despite of its localization. It was as follows; edema, hyperemia, in-situ bleeding, fibrin film occurrence. Any other complications such as sunburns of skin, inflammation within the PDT zone were not occurred by the end of the fourth week. Conclusion : In the advanced endobronchial disease, PDT has been shown to be useful in treating endobronchial tumors that are causing clinically significant dyspnea or are likely to progress and lead to further clinical complications, such as postobstructive pneumonia.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.154-170
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• 2001

Objective : To broaden understanding about acupuncture and moxibustion therapy on AIDS and to promote base studies and clinical trials Materials and Methods : Analysis was given to more than 30 literatures including acupuncture and moxibustion therapy on AIDS-related sites explored by internet search engine named NAVER from Nov., 2000 to Feb. 20th, 2001 Results : 1. Acupuncture and moxibustion played great role as a complementary therapy in enabling AIDS patients to keep their antiretroviral therapy by enhancing immune system, ameliorating AIDS-related symptoms and side effect of antiretroviral drug 2. Acupuncture and moxibustion therapy had a broad spectrum indication from systemic or local signs of AIDS patients to signs of antiretroviral drug-related side effect 3. Contraindication of acupuncture and moxibustion therapy against AIDS patients include abstraction and moxibustion on the skin lesion, because of their easy exposure to inflammation 4. AIDS patients were regarded as the state of KI-HE(氣虛), EUM-HE(陰虛), YEOL-DOK(熱毒) in general 5. BO-KI(補氣), BO-HYUL(補血), BO-EUM(補陰), CHEONG-YEOL-HAE-DOK(淸熱解毒) were shown as a principle of acupuncture and moxibustion therapy for AIDS patients 6. Principle of selecting acupoints for AIDS patients had characteristics of enhancing immune system, detoxicating detrimental agents and relieving each AIDS related symptom appropriately 7. Acupuncture on 合谷(HAPKOK, LI4), 內關(NAE-GWAN, P6), 足三里(CHOK-SAMNI, S36) were applied to the early stage of AIDS in order to enhance immune system. Acupuncture on 血海(HYOLHAE, SP10), 三陰交(SAMUMGYO, SP6), (KOHWANG, B43) were applied to the intermediate stage of AIDS so as to enhance immune system and eliminate YEOL-DOK(熱毒) in blood. Moxibustion on 湧泉(YONGCHON, K1), 足三里(CHOK-SAMNI, S36) were applied to the late stage owing to enhance immune system more. Conclusion : The efficacy of acupuncture and moxibustion therapy on AIDS has been acknowledged to the world, moreover, it is proved to be significant as a complementary therapy on AIDS patients. Thus, more control group studies of the efficacy of acupuncture and moxibustion therapy on AIDS and clinical trials are considered to be necessary.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was aimed to examine the resorption rate, the healing pattern, and the response of the surrounding tissue after the graft of the acellular dermal matrix ($AlloDerm^{(R)}$) and the autogenous dermis, and to report the clinical result of the use of $AlloDerm^{(R)}$ in order to restore the soft tissue defects. Methods: Twenty mature rabbits, weighing about 3 ㎏, were used for the experimental study. The $10\times10$ mm-size autogenous dermis and the $AlloDerm^{(R)}$ were grafted to the space between the external abdominal oblique muscle and the fascia of the rabbits. And the $AlloDerm^{(R)}$ was grafted to the pocket between the skin and the underlying perichondrium of rabbit ear. The resorption rate of the grafted sites was calculated, and the tissue specimens were histologically examined at 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks after the graft. The five patients with the cleft-lip nasal deformity and the one patient with the saddle nose deformity, who received the $AlloDerm^{(R)}$ graft to restore the facial soft tissue defects, were reviewed for the clinical study. Results: The resorption rate at 8 weeks after the graft was 21.5% for the autogenous dermis, and 16.0% $AlloDerm^{(R)}$. In microscopic examinations, the infiltration of the inflammatory cells and the epidermal inclusion cyst were observed in the autogenous dermis graft. However, the neovascularization and the progressive growth of the new fibroblasts were shown in the $AlloDerm^{(R)}$ graft. And the six patients, who received the $AlloDerm^{(R)}$ graft, demonstrated the good stability of the grafts and improved appearance. There were no remarkable complications such as inflammation, rejection, dislocation, and severe absorption in the clinical cases. Conclusion: These results suggest that $AlloDerm^{(R)}$ can be an useful graft material for restoration of soft tissue defects because of the good stability and the tissue response without the remarkable clinical complications.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.248-254
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• 2011

Various biometerials have been researched and have been developed for treatment of some disease through transplantation to body. They have been evaluated by in vitro cytotoxicity test using some skin-derived cell lines for prediction of their biocompatibility in vivo. However, the results of experiments using mesenchymal or epithelial cells could not be considered in vivo immune reaction. In this study, we evaluated the biomaterial-elution (elute from high density polyethylene film) using some cell lines (L929, Jurkat, U937) in vitro, and then that results were compared with in vivo results from guinea pig sensitization test. In sensitization test, saline and elution of syringe could not induce erythema, but only DNCB (hypersensitive chemical) induce erythema at guinea pig sensitization test. In cell experiment, the cytotoxicity results of inflammatory cells (Jurkat; T lymphocyte, U937; monocyte) was no difference with L929 (fibroblast) in the overall trend. However, inflammatory cell lines were only secreted inflammatory cytokine (TNF-${\alpha}$, INF-${\gamma}$) in some materials (biomateriallution, FAC, DNCB). And the biomaterial-elution did not have toxicity to the cells, but it induced the inflammatory cytokines in inflammatory cell lines only. So, we were predicted inflammatory reaction through the cytokine resultes of inflammatory cell lines, and it was more correlated with in vivo results than cytotoxicity test. Therefore, we suggested that the inflammatory cytokine assay using inflammatory cell lines are more effective method in vitro for evaluation of biocompatibility of biomaterials or chemicals.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.44-49
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• 2017

Natural anti-oxidative compounds have important disease prevention and food preservation properties, in addition to anti-bacterial, anti-inflammation, anti-cancer, and skin whitening effects. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), with an ultra vilolet (UV) detector coupled to a reverse phase C18 column and an online measurement system for 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radicals, was used to search for potent antioxidative compounds in crude extracts. The online HPLC-DPPH assay was then applied to confirm antioxidative compounds in water extracts from Radix of Pueraria lobata, Rhizoma of Zingiber officinale, Fructus of Chaenomeles sinensis, Cortex of Ulmus pumila, and Radix of Astragalus membranaceus. To determine the yields of the extracts, the Brix% of each extract solution was measured using a refractometer. When the relative DPPH radical scavenging ability values of the water extracts were compared with those of a positive control (ascorbic acid), the water extracts of P. lobata, C. sinensis, and U. pumila were 7.77%, 4.71%, and 4.19%, respectively. The results suggest that this method provides a useful assay for rapid measurement of DPPH radical scavenging abilities and conformation of antioxidative compounds in natural products. Moreover, it can reduce the time spent on the separation of active compounds from natural materials, such as medicinal plants, in addition to the use of reagents for separation.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.92-97
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• 2005

Inhibition of inflammatory response, acceleration of basal cell growth, and balanced synthesis of extracellular matrix (ECM) are important in healing of cutaneous open wounds. In order to evaluate the healing effects of water extracts of Radix Astragali (the root of Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.)) on open wound at early stage, the experimental open wounds were generated on the dorsal sides of SD rats under anesthesia. The boiled-water extracts of Radix Astragali $(100{\mu}l)$, soaked into an occlusive film dressing were applied once a day for eleven consecutive days. The healing process was assessed by measuring macroscopic appearance and wound areas of the open wounds. The molecular aspects of healing process by Radix Astragali extracts were also investigated by Hematoxylin-Eosin (H-E) double staining and immunohistological staining of collagen type I in the healed skin area, implying cell density and linear alignment of the granulation tissue, and ECM synthesis and its remodeling, respectively. The Astragali radix extracts were found to significantly accelerate the cutaneous wound healing by suppressing the inflammation and stimulating the basal cell growth in wounded area, as compared to epidermal growth factor (EGF).