• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.283-296
• /
• 1997

Stomatognathic system is a complex one that is composed of TMJ, neuromuscular system, teeth and connective tissue, and all its components are doing their parts to maintain their physiological relationships. Mandible, in particular, performs various functions such as mastication, speech, and deglutition, the muscular activities that determine such functions are signalled by numerous types of proprioceptors that exist in periodontal membrane, TMJ, and muscles to be controlled by complicated pathways and mechanics of peripheral and central nervous system. Orthodontic treatment, especially when accompanied by orthognathic surgery, brings dramatic changes of stornatognat is system such as intraoral proprioceptors and muscle activities and thus, changes in patterns of mandibular function result The author tried to analyze changes in patterns of mandibular movement and physiologic activities of surrounding muscles in Skeletal Class III ortlrognathic surgery patients who presently show a great increase in numbers. The purpose of this study was to draw some objective guidelines in evaluating funclierual aspects of orthognathic surgery patients. Mandibular functional analysis using Biopak was performed for skeletal Class III prognathic patients who underwent IVRO(lntraoral Vertical Ramus Osteotmy), and the following results were obtained: 1. Resting EMG was greater in pre-surgical group than the control group, and it showed gradual decrease after the surgery. Clenching EMG of masseter and anterior temporalis of pre-surgical group was smaller than those of control group, they also increased post-surgically, and significant difference was found between pre-surgical and post-surgical(6 months) groups. 2. Resting EMG of anterior ternporalis was greater than that of all the other muscles, but there was no significant difference. Clenching EMG of anterior temporalis and masseter were greater than those of the other muscles with statistical difference. In swallowing, digastric muscle showed the highest EMG with statistical significance. 3. Limited range of mandibular movement was shown in pre-surgical group. Significant increase in maximum mouth opening was observed six months post-surgically, and significant increase in protrusive movement was observed three months post-surgically.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.26 no.5
• /
• pp.592-602
• /
• 2016

This study investigated the muscular dystrophin levels in freely moving Australian cattle mainly fed grass, freely moving Korean cattle fed mainly a grain diet, and Korean cattle fed a grain diet but housed in a relatively limited space of a cow house. The total skeletal muscle specimens of 244 cattle were collected and immediately fixed in 10% neutral formalin. The same area was biopsied from the cattle in both countries. The findings showed that fatty infiltration is highly correlated with membrane-associated protein degradation in skeletal muscle, and that among several membrane-associated proteins, dystrophin showed the most significant reduction in expression in the cattle with fatty infiltration. Similarly, CD36 was more highly expressed in the cattle with fatty infiltration of skeletal muscle. Various breeding factors, such as oxidative stress; the presence of oxidized lipids in the diet; and environmental factors such as exercise, temperature and amount of time spent, may have critical effects on the degradation of normal cytoskeleton proteins, which are required for maintaining normal skeletal muscle architecture. Among the sarcolemma membrane-associated proteins, dystrophin is the most sensitive membrane protein that is involved muscular dystrophy and muscular degeneration. Thus, the present findings may be useful for studies on muscular dystrophy in humans or the pathogenesis of muscular diseases in animal models.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.371-380
• /
• 2019

Electromygram was measured in three different cases; not wearing of a helmet, wearing of a 920g helmet, and wearing of a 1310g helmet, and it was revealed that there was a high level of muscle activities on the opposite side (sternocleidomastoid muscle) while the head and the neck were moving right and left and muscle activities of the curve and of the hyperextension were found to be not significant. Especially, the presence of a helmet seemed to cause a difference in a level of muscle activities on the deltoid and erector spine muscles while lifting or lowering with a weight placed on the deniz backboard. Therefore, it would be possible to assume that this newly developed smart helmet would not affect muscles around the necks of paramedics if they do not move their necks and heads right and left while lowering or lifting a patient using the deniz backboard. In addition, in case of the deltoid and erector spine muscles, it is shown that an increase in the degree of movement could lead to an increase in the level of muscle activities on the muscles controlling of the corresponding action, which are waist and back muscles. Despite it, it would be possible to prevent possible injuries and/or muscular and skeletal diseases around the lumbar by fully complying with a basic rule of straightening of the waist while making a power-lifting motion.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.55 no.4
• /
• pp.462-475
• /
• 2022

Purpose: Allomyrina dichotoma larvae are one of the approved edible insects with nutritional value and various functional and medicinal properties. Previously we have demonstrated that the Allomyrina dichotoma larval extract (ADLE) ameliorates hepatic insulin resistance in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced diabetic mice through the activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK). This study investigated the effects of ADLE on insulin resistance in the skeletal muscle and explored mechanisms for enhancing the glucose uptake in palmitate (PAL)-treated C2C12 myotubes. Methods: To induce insulin resistance, the differentiated C2C12 myotubes were treated with PAL (0.5 mM) for 24 hours, and then treated with a 0.5 mg/ml concentration of ADLE, and the resultant effects were measured. The expression levels of glucose transporter-4 (GLUT4), AMPK, and the mitochondrial metabolism-related proteins were analyzed by western blotting. The mRNA expression levels of lipogenesis- related genes were determined by quantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR. Results: The exposure of C2C12 myotubes to 0.5 mg/ml of ADLE increased cell viability significantly compared to PAL-treated cells. ADLE upregulated the protein expression of GLUT4 and enhanced glucose uptake in the PAL-treated cells. ADLE increased the phosphorylated AMPK in both the PAL-treated C2C12 myotubes and HFD-treated skeletal muscle. The reduced expression levels of peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator-1 alpha (PGC1α) and uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) due to the PAL and HFD treatment were reversed by the ADLE treatment. The citrate synthase activity was also significantly increased with the PAL and ADLE co-treatment. Moreover, the mRNA and protein expressions of fatty acid synthesis-related factors were reduced in the PAL and HFD-treated muscle cells, and this effect was significantly attenuated by the ADLE treatment. Conclusion: ADLE activates AMPK, which in turn induces mitochondrial metabolism and reduces fatty acid synthesis in C2C12 myotubes. Therefore, ADLE could be useful for preventing or treating insulin resistance of skeletal muscles in diabetes.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.27-31
• /
• 2010

Ullrich disease is a rare congenital muscular dystrophy, which is clinically characterized by generalized muscular weakness, distal joint hyperextensibility, proximal joint contractures, protuberant calcanei and high-arched palate. The disease is caused by collagen VI deficiency in interstitum and/or sarcolemma of skeletal muscles, for which mutations either in COL6A1, COL6A2 or COL6A3 are responsible. We report a girl who presented with symptoms typical of Ullrich disease, in whom the diagnosis was confirmed by immunohistochemistry and molecular genetic study.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.100-110
• /
• 2003

The purpose of this article is to understand of the muscle adaptation based on myosin heavy chain. Especially, skeletal muscle dadptation in related to aging, unloading, training will discussed. MHC expression is highly plastic in muscles of adult mammals in accordance with the environmental conditions. These changes is called muscle plasticity. The plasticity is the atility of muscle cell to alter either the quantity of protein or the type of protein. MHC is both an important structural and regulatory protein comprising the contractile apparatus.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.230-237
• /
• 1982

Malignant hyperthermia has been reported by many authors since Denborough [1960] first described concerning anesthetic death in a family. Malignant hyperthermia is characterized by a hypermetabolic state [tachycardia, tachypnea, hypercarbia, hypoxia, cyanosis, hypotension, high fever and muscle rigidity] and is related to a hereditary defect of skeletal muscle. In susceptible individuals, it is triggered by potent inhalational anesthetics, depolarizing muscle relaxant [Succinylcholine], amide type local anesthetics [prototype lidocaine] and occasionally by stress due to emotional and environmental factors. Unrecognized and untreated malignant hyperthermia is associated with a very high mortality rate. Recently authors have experienced malignant hyperthermia in 5 year old male child who was diagnosed to have patent ductus arteriosus and interatrial septal defect associated with congenital physical deformities such as short stature, hypotrophic muscles and genu valgus deformity of lower extremity, indirect inguinal hernia and Ramphant caries.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2001

The distal myopathies(DM) are clinically defined as inherited or sporadic primary muscle disorders characterized by progressive muscular weakness and atrophy beginning in the hands or feet and pathologically by myopathic changes in skeletal muscles. The pathologic changes are somewhat similar to those seen in chronic muscular dystrophy, but necrotic and regenerative processes are less prominent and creatine kinase levels are either normal or only mildly elevated. The most representative diseases are dominantly inherited Welander distal myopathy and tibial muscular dystrophy, and the recessively inherited distal myopathy with rimmed vacuoles and distal muscular dystrophy(Miyoshi myopathy). At present, further study is necessary to determine why rimmed vacuoles are so common in the DM, and what role they play in the pathogenesis of muscle fiber atrophy and loss, predominantly in the distal portions of the extremities.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.393-404
• /
• 1995

The purpose of this review was to examine the clinical characteristics of patients who had a diagnosis of Myofascial Pain Syndrome(MPS). Myofascial pain is a painful condition of skeletal muscle characterized by the presence of one or more trigger points. A trigger point(TrP) is a focus of hyperirritability in a tissues. Of the patients with MPS, 21(44.7 %) were male and 26(55.3 %) were female. The mean duration of MPS was 9.6 months for males and 11.3 months for females. Trigger points with associated referred patterns of pain were found in muscles of the post neck(trapezius, infrasupinatus) and in quadratus lumborum muscle. Patients reported increased fatigue(87.2 %), tingling sensation(66.0 %), numbness(66.0 %), tension(55.3 %), anxiety(44.7 %), headache (59.6 %), pilomotor activation(59.6 %).

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Clinical Electrophysiology
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.39-47
• /
• 2006

Functional Electrical Stimulation(FES) cause paralysed muscles to contract in some clinical circumstances. Generally, FES has been thought of as a valuable tool in activating any skeletal muscle paralysed as a result of upper motor neuron damage. But, the function of cardiac and smooth muscle is also affected by upper motor neuron damage. Today, various applications of FES are investigated, including conditioning cardiovascular exercise, caugh and breathing assistant, improving bowel and bladder control, hand grasp, standing and walking etc. This review will focus on the literature reporting application of FES to control respiratory capabilities and internal organ function as well as increase muscular strength, hand grasp, standing and walking in patients with upper motor diseases.