• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.29-37
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to classify patients with chronic back pain according to the degree of their back pain, and to compare the pain dysfunction index with the qualitative changes in abdominal muscles. Therefore, we aimed to provide a basis for the treatment intervention method for patients with back pain. Methods: Twenty patients with chronic back pain were purposive sample to a group of 10 patients with a back pain index of 60 % or more and a group with less than 60 % of back pain, and the subjects who voluntarily participated in the study After receiving the letter, I conducted the research the dysfunction of back pain was measured by the Korean version of the Oswestry Disability Index (KODI), and the ultrasonic wave (Ultrasound MyLabOne, ESAOTE, Italy) And the white area index, and the abdominal muscle movement was used as the exercise instrument POWER breathe K5 (Hab direct, UK), which strengthens the respiratory muscles through threshold-muscle traction. Result: In this study, patients with chronic back pain were subjected to breathing exercises, which led to the decrease in back pain dysfunction. The ultrasonographic analysis of abdominal muscles revealed that both the white area index and muscle image density in the skeletal muscle and in the outer muscle of the abdomen gradually decreased over time. Conclusion: It is thought that introducing back pain patients to abdominal muscle reinforcement training is effective in improving the functions of the patients' muscles, thus increasing their quality of life.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.665-670
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• 2012

This study investigated the effect of endurance exercises on blood pressure, angiogenesis, and the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in the skeletal muscle of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Five week old SHRs and Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) were randomly divided into 3 groups: Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY, n=9), SHR control (SHR-C, n=9), and SHR endurance exercise training (SHR-E, n=9). Endurance exercise training was performed on a treadmill (12-20 m/min, 0% grade, 60 min/day, 5 days/week, 16 weeks). Systolic blood pressure was monitored with the tail-cuff method. The expression of VEGF protein and capillary density were identified using western blotting and H&E staining in the soleus muscle, respectively. Systolic blood pressure was reduced by endurance exercise in SHR ($p$ <0.05). The capillary density of skeletal muscles in SHR-C was lower than in WKY ($p$ <0.05), but it was recovered by endurance exercise training (SHR-E) compared to SHR-C ($p$ <0.05), and VEGF protein was also increased by endurance exercise training compared to SHR-C ($p$ <0.05). These data suggest that the enhancement of capillary density via an increase of VEGF expression in skeletal muscles by endurance exercise training could be an important factor to inhibit blood pressure elevation in SHR.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.211-226
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• 1986

To understand the pathogenesis of anicteric leptospirosis with severe pulmonary hemorrhage occured in Korea, the microbiological and pathological features were observed in the experimentally induced leptospirosis in guinea pigs infected with a virulent strain of Leptospira interrogans isolated from the patient at Wonju, Korea, and the results are summarized as follows. 1. The main pathological features were widespread hemorrhages, especially affecting lung, skeletal muscles, retroperitoneal and perirenal adipose tissues. The hemorrhages accompanied inflammatory process especially of vasculitic pattern as well as occasional coagulation necrosis in the liver, skeletal muscle, and myocardium. The main inflammatory cells were of plasma cell even in the fairly early stage of the infection. 2. Those pathologic changes were more exaggerated in the inoculation site. 3. Within 144 hours of infection, the longer the infection time, the more antigens were observed in the tissues, and the severer the pathologic changes. 4. Leptospiral antigens were detected at first by indirect immunofluorescent and immunoperoxidase technics. As the infection time extended, the antigens were observed in all of the tissues examined except in the skeletal muscle. The shape of the antigens was spiral or thread-like within 72 hours of infection. As the infection progressed, they became fragmented and granular. 5. Leptospires were detected in the blood within 144 hours of infection by darkfield microscopic examination. Thereafter, none was observed. 6. Antibody to leptospires were detected as early as 72 hours of infection. In summary, the virulent strain of L. interrogans used in this experiment induced widespread hemorrhages with inflammatory reaction especially in lung, skeletal muscles, and retroperitoneal adipose tissue. With these findings, it is suggested that the direct toxic effect of leptospires might playa great role in the pathogenesis of this infection.

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.507-516
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to identify the effects of PPARβ/δ over-expression on PGC-1α mRNA and protein stability after single bout of swimming exercise in mice skeletal muscle. Empty vector (EV) or PPARβ/δ was over-expressed in tibialis anterior(TA) using electroporation(EPO) technique to compare with non-treatment muscle(control; Con). TA muscles were dissected at 0h, 24h or 54h after termination of exercise. PGC-1α mRNA in Con, EV and PPARβ/δ over-expressed muscles were increased 6.8 fold (p<.001), 6.2 fold(p<.001) and 7.1 fold(p<.001), respectively, than sedentary(Sed) group at 0h after exercise and then reverted to Sed group levels at 24h and 54h after termination of exercise. PGC-1α and PGC-1α ubiquitination in EV treated muscles were increased 2.2 fold and 1.74 fold, respectively, than Sed group at 24h after termination of exercise, and then reverted to Sed group levels at 54h after termination of exercise. PGC-1α in PPARβ/δ over-expressed muscles at 24h and 54h after termination of exercise were increased 2.5 fold and 2.2 fold, respectively, than Sed group, but PGC-1α ubiquitination was not increased at 24h and 54h after termination of exercise. Our results indicate that PPARβ/δ over-expression does not increase PGC-1α mRNA stability, but increase PGC-1α protein stability through post-translation mechanism after termination of exercise.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.261-266
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• 2023

The skeletal muscles of livestock play a crucial role as protein sources for humans, and the consumption of poultry meat is steadily increasing worldwide. Numerous genes, including myogenic regulatory factors, are involved in myogenesis, and precise regulation of them is essential. In this study, genes specifically expressed in muscles were selected, and their promoters were cloned and analyzed. The analysis of gene expression in various tissues of animals revealed that many genes exhibited specific expression patterns in skeletal muscles, with TNNT3, TNNC2, and MYF6 genes showing similar patterns in poultry. The promoter regions of three genes were amplified by polymerase chain reaction to sizes of 1.2 kb, 1.03 kb, and 1.43 kb, respectively. These fragments were then inserted at the front of the enhanced green fluorescent protein gene in vectors. It was confirmed that the sequences of three promoters closely matched the chicken genome sequences. Upon introducing vectors with each promoter into QM7 quail muscle cells, all three promoters successfully induced the expression of the green fluorescent protein. The brightness of the green fluorescence in each promoter was approximately seven times dimmer compared to the control, CMV-IE promoter. It is predicted that more than 230 transcription factors can bind to each promoter, especially various transcription factors expressed in muscles, including myogenic regulatory factors such as MYF5, MYOD, and MYOG. These promoters can be valuable for studying gene expression in poultry muscle cells, and further research is needed to precisely investigate the regulatory region of gene expression in promoters.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.696-703
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• 2020

Objective: Cattle were some of the first animals domesticated by humans for the production of milk, meat, etc. Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) is defined as longer than 200 bp in nonprotein coding transcripts. lncRNA is known to function in regulating gene expression and is currently being studied in a variety of livestock including cattle. The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of lncRNA according to sex in Hanwoo cattle. Methods: This study was conducted using the skeletal muscles of 9 Hanwoo cattle include bulls, steers and cows. RNA was extracted from skeletal muscle of Hanwoo. Sequencing was conducted using Illumina HiSeq2000 and mapped to the Bovine Taurus genome. The expression levels of lncRNAs were measured by DEGseq and quantitative trait loci (QTL) data base was used to identify QTLs associated with lncRNA. The python script was used to match the nearby genes Results: In this study, the expression patterns of transcripts of bulls, steers and cows were identified. And we identified significantly differentially expressed lncRNAs in bulls, steers and cows. In addition, characteristics of lncRNA which express differentially in muscles according to the sex of Hanwoo were identified. As a result, we found differentially expressed lncRNAs according to sex were related to shear force and body weight. Conclusion: This study was classified and characterized lncRNA which differentially expressed by sex in Hanwoo cattle. We believe that the characterization of lncRNA by sex of Hanwoo will be helpful for future studies of the physiological mechanisms of Hanwoo cattle.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.205-213
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• 2011

Exercise training (ET) and selenium (SEL) were evaluated either individually or in combination (COMBI) for their effects on expression of glucose (AMPK, PGC- $1{\alpha}$, GLUT-4) and lactate metabolic proteins (LDH, MCT-1, MCT-4, COX-IV) in heart and skeletal muscles in a rodent model (Goto-Kakisaki, GK) of diabetes. Forty GK rats either remained sedentary (SED), performed ET, received SEL, ($5\;{\mu}mol{\cdot}kg$ body $wt^{-1}{\cdot}day^{-1}$) or underwent both ET and SEL treatment for 6 wk. ET alone, SEL alone, or COMBI resulted in a significant lowering of lactate, glucose, and insulin levels as well as a reduction in HOMA-IR and AUC for glucose relative to SED. Additionally, ET alone, SEL alone, or COMBI increased glycogen content and citrate synthase (CS) activities in liver and muscles. However, their effects on glycogen content and CS activity were tissue-specific. In particular, ET alone, SEL alone, or COMBI induced upregulation of glucose (AMPK, PGC-la, GLUT-4) and lactate (LDH, MCT-1, MCT-4, COX-IV) metabolic proteins relative to SED. However, their effects on glucose and lactate metabolic proteins also appeared to be tissue-specific. It seemed that glucose and lactate metabolic protein expression was not further enhanced with COMBI compared to that of ET alone or SEL alone. These data suggest that ET alone or SEL alone or COMBI represent a practical strategy for ameliorating aberrant expression of glucose and lactate metabolic proteins in diabetic GK rats.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.125-130
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• 1999

Congenital myotonia is a hereditary disorder of the skeletal muscle. The most characteristic features of the disease are myotonia and variable muscular hypertrophy. Molecular biologic investigations have revealed that mutations in the gene of the human skeletal muscle chloride ion channel protein are a cause of the disease. The Becker's type congenial myotonia is clinically similar to the autosomal dominantly inherited congenital myotonia (Thomsen's disease). Both disorders are characterized electrophysiologically by increased excitability of muscle fibers. reflected in clinical myotonia. In general, Becker's type congenital myotonia is more severe than Thomsen's disease in muscular hypertrophy and weakness. The authors recently experienced a 25-year-old female patient who has no family-related disease history and who has conspicuous muscular hypertrophy and the stiffness with muscles which occurred from the age of 3 or 4. Clinically she showed the authors a percussion myotonia. On electrophysiological study, exercise and repetitive stimulation of the abductor digiti quinti muscle disclosed a decline in the compound muscle action potential. Biopsy of biceps muscle revealed enlargement of muscle fibers with marked nuclear internalization. After the oral taking the Mexiletine, the patient showed a favorable turn a little with her stiffness of muscles. So we authors are reporting one case of Becker's type congenital myotonia with review of literatures.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.49 no.10
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• pp.1116-1119
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• 2006

Pyomyositis is a primary bacterial infection of the skeletal muscles. Although infection can affect any skeletal muscle, the large muscle groups such as the quadriceps or gluteal muscles are most often the focus of this disease, and most commonly the inflammation is focal, involving a single muscle. The mechanism of pyomyositis is poorly understood. The local mechanical trauma at the time of an incidental bacteremia is frequently postulated as a mechanism that could explain the high incidence of the disease in tropical areas and its male preponderance. Staphylococcus aureus is the most common organism responsible for pyomyositis. Mycobacterium tuberculosis primarily affects the lungs, and the prevalence of active pulmonary tuberculosis co-existing with musculoskeletal tuberculosis has been about 30 percent. We report here on a case of an otherwise healthy 17-month-old girl, who had tuberculous pyomyositis at the upper arm after the hepatitis A vaccination with no evidence of any coexistent active tuberculosis.

• Korean Journal of Cleft Lip And Palate
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.87-94
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• 2005

Patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) generally demonstrate the asymmetries in the lip, nose and the naso-maxillary complex. And their skeletal asymmetries are known to be derived from the displacement of nasal septum, anterior nasal spine (ANS) and the pre-maxilla toward the non-affected side during the developmental and growth period. Due to the interruption of the important facial muscles, which are critical for the symmetric growth of premaxilla, functional matrix system fails to develop and results in the displacement of the ANS toward the non-affected side and nasal asymmetry. Therefore the rhinoplasty for CLP patients is required to have inter-skeletal and muscular rearrangement in the naso-maxillary complex in order to let them recover from esthetic and physiologic imbalances. And functional cheilorhinoplasty (FCR) has been a representative treatment of choice for this concept of treatment modality. The outcome and prognosis of primary or repair FCR have been known to be definitely affected by timing of the operation as well as adequate reconstruction of naso-labial muscles. However, sometimes FCR has an ineffective treatment results for patients after the facial growth period, and the limited rhinoplasty around the nose often fails to bring satisfying results. In order to circumvent this limitation, we performed ANS osteotomy for patients with unilateral CLP showing asymmetric nose, as an alternative way for corrective rhinoplasty. We could observe that the nose was rearranged along the facial mid-line by this osteotomy design and asymmetries were evidently improved postoperatively. Here we present this osteotomy method in CLP patients.