• 유통과학연구
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• 제12권9호
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• pp.5-13
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• 2014

Purpose -This study is to measure the effects of retail legislations on small retailers and traditional markets. Research Design, Data, and Methodology - The authors have developed a questionnaire with five hypotheses on the basis of previous research results and six constructs: the improvement of sales volume, the number of customers, the improvement of store traffic, the increase of store staff, business expansion and retail regulation. Furthermore, the research has adopted a five-point Likert-scale technique. In order to increase research reliability as well as validity, the authors have adopted a few different research techniques such as exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Results - Although existing retail regulations might be better than nothing for now, the degree of retail constraints on large retailers should be strengthened. Furthermore, different legal methods to protect mom and pops are needed. Conclusions - In order to improve the effects of retail restrictions on large retailers, the research indicates that the central government should change a retail policy, that is, introduce new technical ways to keep mom and pops and conventional markets.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.701-708
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of the study was to examine the level and relationship of incivility through clinical experience and major satisfaction in dental hygiene students. Methods: A self-reported questionnaire was completed by 357 dental hygiene students in six universities from November 1 to December 1, 2015. The questionnaire by five point Likert scale consisted of general characteristics of the subjects (6 items), incivility (20 items), and major satisfaction (6 items). Incivility was divided into three factors of staff, doctors, and patients & visitors. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics of variables, multiple response cross analysis, independent t-test, one way ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis. Results: The mean of incivility and major satisfaction was 2.23 and 3.29, respectively. The incivility of staff, doctors, and patients & visitors showed negative correlations with major satisfaction. Conclusions: The incivility through clinical experience is associated with major satisfaction negative. These results suggest that we need to develop remedy such as positive attitude dealing with incivility and implementing similar environment education during clinical training at school and dealing with stress.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.649-655
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to identify the perception of nurse experts on the contribution of nursing interventions to Nursing Outcomes Classification NOC nursing outcomes. A nursing outcome is a nursing-sensitive patient outcome primarily affected by nursing interventions. As one of the standardized language systems of nursing outcomes, the NOC must be examined for applicability before it is used in Korea. Data were collected in February and March 2003 using a 5-point Likert scale. For data collection, 230 quality improvement (QI) or quality assurance (QA) nurses from general hospitals in Korea were asked to rate the extent that nursing interventions contribute to each of the NOC nursing outcomes (2000) in their hospitals. Ninety-six nurses from 63 hospitals responded and the response rate was $41.7\%$. Mean scores for perception of contribution of nursing interventions to each of the NOC nursing outcomes ranged from 2.18 to 4.54. Vital Signs Status had the highest score (M = 4.54), and Abuse Recovery: Financial, the lowest score (M = 2.18). Of the seven NOC domains, the mean score was highest for Physiologic Health (M = 3.91) and lowest for Community Health (M = 2.92). Of the 29 NOC classes, the mean score for perceived contribution was highest for Metabolic Regulation (M = 4.32) and lowest for Community Well-Being (M = 2.92). Participants perceived that nursing interventions in general hospitals in Korea contributed, at least to a certain extent, to most of the NOC nursing outcomes. Based on these results, NOC should have relatively good applicability in Korea.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.382-393
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to review journal articles, master's theses, and doctoral dissertations on self-leadership in nurses in order to identify overall trends in nursing self-leadership and to suggest strategies to improve self-leadership. Methods: Twenty-six papers on self-leadership in nurses were reviewed. Results: These papers were journal articles, master's theses, and doctoral dissertations regarding nurses who worked in general hospitals, university hospitals, and public health centers. Self-leadership was measured by using instruments developed by Manz (1983), Prussia, Anderson, & Manz (1998), and Houghton & Neck (2002). The instrument was composed of 18 items, with a 5-point Likert scale developed by Manz (1983) and modified by Kim (2002). Nurses' self-leadership was found to be related to job satisfaction, organizational commitment, nursing performance, and citizenship behavior. General characteristics of nurses, including age, education, marital status, position, and career, were also associated with self-leadership. Conclusion: The study findings provide data on recent trends in nurses' selfleadership. These results serve as basic data to provide a standard for developing self-leadership and indicate directions for further research.

• 한국초등수학교육학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.519-537
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• 2014

본 연구는 수학 교사들의 교사로서의 자기 효능감을 효과적으로 측정하기 위해, 수학교사의 효능감에 영향을 주는 요소를 문헌 연구를 통하여 추출하고, 효능감 측정을 위한 도구를 개발하는 것이다. 수학교사의 교수효능감에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 요인으로 수학 교수 효능기대, 수학 교수 결과기대, 교수학적 내용 지식, 학생에 대한 교사의 신념, 교사의 과거 수학학습 경험에 대한 신념, 사회문화적 영향에 대한 기대라는 6가지 요소를 도출하였고, 이러한 요인에 기반하여 30문항으로 구성된 수학 교수 효능감 측정 도구(MTEI)를 개발하였다.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.657-665
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• 2021

The study aims to assess the acceptance of social commerce and participate in social commerce amongst Omani people. The questions of the survey Instrument were prepared in English later converted into Arabic. The survey instrument was having two parts; the first part sought the demographic information like age, gender, education, occupation etc. The second part of the instrument was related to the variables, which was in 5-point Likert scale, where 5 means strongly agree while 1 meaning strongly disagree. The data was collected using online and offline surveys, making the number of the valid responses to 478. A conceptual model was developed using the following variables. The selected variables such as "Familiarity" (F), "Trust" (T), "Perceived usefulness" (PU), "Perceived ease of use" (PEU), "Intention to Purchase" (IP). The hypothesis was tested using structural equation modelling. The results indicate that all six hypotheses were supported. The F, T and PEU, and PU was found to be positive and significant related to intention to purchase (p-value 0.003, 0.001, 0.000. & 0.007). Amongst the four, p value of F was found to be the lowest and PU was found to be the highest. This indicate F was strong indicator of IP as compared to others. PUE relates to PU, and F was related to IP.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.413-421
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• 2021

This research empirically analyzed whether the foods which came from a non-Muslim majority country, such as South Korea, could play an important role in affecting the consumer intention in a predominantly Muslim country. Online survey methods were used to investigate the proposed hypothesis. 318 responses were used for further analysis. Forty-six reflective constructs were adapted from literature and designed by using a five-point Likert scale to facilitate measurement. Estimation models and structural models were examined through SEM-PLS analysis techniques using SmartPLS 3.0 application as the data processing tool. The results showed that religiosity and halal awareness had a positive and significant effect on attitude toward halal labels, including the mediating effect from consumer attitudes towards halal labels which had a positive but insignificant effect on purchase intention. Halal awareness plays an important role for Muslims in the decision-making process for purchasing food. In contrast to the initial hypothesis, the country of origin actually did not have a positive effect on attitudes towards the halal label. In a Muslim-majority country like Indonesia, findings halal food is not difficult, so this research basically is a reminder to marketers to follow those halal principles in implementing their marketing strategies.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권8호
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• pp.375-386
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• 2021

The purpose of the research was to explore the factors which affect service innovation in organizations and how the utilization of resources can improve organizational performance, and gain a competitive advantage by adopting numerous innovative practices. This study hypothesizes Service Innovation Readiness (SIR) to consist of Strategic Alignment favoring Service Innovation (SASI) and Empowering Structure for Service Innovation (ESSI), which regulate the organization's preparedness to adopt service innovation changes. Six dimensions were identified and analyzed to understand their effects on SASI and ESSI. A structured questionnaire on a 5-point Likert scale was used to collect data from the selected hospitals of Saudi Arabia. The research results contribute considerably to the subject matter by theorizing SIR and the complex variable settings essential for embracing SI. This research also provides some understanding of the service innovation management dimension through a complete assessment that measures the organization's readiness and attempts to direct organizations' efforts to achieve and sustain competitive advantage. The study conducted is unique in the current geographic limits and has explored numerous SI areas of an organization's readiness to adopt service innovation.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.60-69
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• 2012

전주시 건지산 UD 숲길은 2008년 한국토지공사 초록사회 만들기 공모사업의 일환으로 전북생명의 숲이 주관하여 설계 및 시공이 추진되었다. 이 연구는 이용자 만족도, 이용자 수 조사의 이용후 평가를 통해 UD 숲길 설계의 적정성을 평가하는데 목적이 있다. 연구결과, 건지산 UD 숲길의 주이용자는 60대 이상의 지역주민이 전체이용자의 37%를 차지하며, 이용목적은 산책과 휴식 51.5%, 운동 및 재활치료 40.6%로 나타났다. UD 숲길 만족도는 5점 리커트 척도에서 3.91로 나타났고, 전체 만족도에 영향을 미치는 주요 요소는 관리, 이용충돌, 폭과 경사에 대한 만족도 순서로 나타났다. 이용자수 조사에서 교통약자는 UD 숲길 45명, 기존 숲길 6명으로 나타났다. 연구결과를 통해 건지산 UD 숲길은 교통약자의 이용을 유도하고, 일반인과 교류할 수 있는 기회를 제공하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 UD 숲길 주변의 높은 경관만족도는 기존지형과 수목을 가능한 보존하고, 목재 데크를 설치함으로써 기존 자연경관이 잘 유지된 점을 나타냈다. 건지산 UD 숲길의 이용후 평가는 도시숲길 조성시 장애인, 노인, 약자, 임산부, 어린이 등 다양한 신체조건의 이용자들이 안전하고 편리하게 이용할 수 있도록 유니버설 디자인 개념의 도입 필요성을 나타내주고 있다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.551-560
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this present study was to develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of a needs scale for patients with cancer undergoing follow-up care (NS-C). Methods: A preliminary NS-C of 48 was derived from literature reviews and in-depth interviews with patients with cancer. Content validation of the items was established by oncology physicians and nurses. Each item was scored on a five-point Likert scale. The preliminary NS-C and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status questionnaires were administered to 873 patients with cancer recruited from three university hospitals. The data were analyzed using factor analysis, multidimensional scaling analysis, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, and Cronbach's alpha. Results: From the factor analysis, 25 significant items in six subscales were derived. The subscales were named physical symptoms, diet and exercise, support, relationship with health professionals, treatment/prognosis, and keeping mind under control. The NS-C also established item convergent and discriminant validity, and known-groups validity. Cronbach's alpha of the subscales ranged from .90 to .92. Conclusion: This study suggests that the NS-C is an easy, reliable and valid instrument to measure the needs of patients with cancer. Health professionals may use the NS-C for patients with cancer both in practice and research.