• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.96-107
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• 2015

VANET technologies provide real-time traffic information for mitigating traffic jam and preventing traffic accidents, as well as in-vehicle infotainment service through Telematics/Intelligent Transportation System (ITS). Due to the rapid increasement of various requirements, the vehicle communication with a limited resource and the fixed frame architecture of the conventional techniques is limited to provide an efficient communication service. Therefore, a new flexible operation depending on the surrounding situation information is required that needs an adaptive design of the network architecture and protocol for efficiently predicting, distributing and sharing the context-aware information. In this paper, Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) based on communication between vehicle and a Road Side Units (RSU) and Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) based on communication between vehicles are effectively combined in a new MAC architecture and V2I and V2V vehicles collaborate in management. As a result, many vehicles and RSU can use more efficiently the resource and send data rapidly. The simulation results show that the proposed method can achieve high resource utilization in accordance. Also we can find out the optimal transmission relay time and 2nd relay vehicle selection probability value to spread out V2V/V2I collaborative schedule message rapidly.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.1-9
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• 2021

Commander and staffs on the battlefield are aware of the situation and, based on the results, they perform military activities through their military decisions. Recently, with the development of information technology, the demand for artificial intelligence to support military decisions has increased. It is essential to identify, collect, and pre-process the data set for reinforcement learning to utilize artificial intelligence. However, data on enemies lacking in terms of accuracy, timeliness, and abundance is not suitable for use as AI learning data, so a training model is needed to collect AI learning data. In this paper, a methodology for learning artificial intelligence was presented using the constructive wargame model exercise data. First, the role and scope of artificial intelligence to support the commander and staff in the military decision-making process were specified, and to train artificial intelligence according to the role, learning data was identified in the Chang-Jo 21 model exercise data and the learning results were simulated. The simulation data set was created as imaginary sample data, and the doctrine of ROK Army, which is restricted to disclosure, was utilized with US Army's doctrine that can be collected on the Internet.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.46
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• pp.379-409
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• 2017

The villainous characters of the Marquis de Sade do not regard pity and consternation that one usually feels at the sight of poor people as natural. Such feelings are simply rejected. Therefore, Sade's characters immediately suggest that the hospitals established by religious congregations under the Ancien Regime should disappear. However, it is important to note that enlightened thinkers are aware of the abuses caused by hospitals at that time, claiming that they are to be blamed for the worsening situation of the poor. Thus, the General Assembly of the Constituents tried to nationalize the possessions of the hospitals, going as far as abolishing every charity institution. This article aims at linking Sade's hatred for hospitals to the issues his contemporaries raise about charity institutions. More particularly, revolutionary thinkers want to replace the considerably rich hospitals with small hospices or domiciliary care. Such actions will help reduce national budget spending and simplify the administrative procedures. Sade's libertines view poverty issues in the society from different perspectives: philosophical, political and economic. Let us not forget that they insist on social assistance systems which would suit both the ideals and the circumstances of the new Republic. We understand that Sade took precautions against the impending return of religion and monarchy, which were expelled by the Revolution. Under the Ancien Regime, people tolerated hospitals on the pretext that they arouse natural feelings such as beneficence and compassion. Well, to say the least, Sade is not wrong in raising awareness on this issue.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.189-196
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to analyze the perception of child abuse by parents and early childhood teachers. For this purpose, a questionnaire survey was conducted with parents and early childhood teachers belonging to kindergarten in G district. The frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation were calculated using the SPSS 21.0 program, and the t-test and the ${\chi}^2$ test were used to obtain data on child abuse(physical, language, emotion and thinking, neglect, preventive measure, improvement plan). The results of this study are as follows: First, the difference of perception about child abuse was higher in early childhood teachers than parents. Recognition of subordinate content is neglected in both parents and early childhood teachers, body, emotion and thinking, and language. Second, parent awareness of child abuse prevention education and participatory seminar education was more perceived than subcontent of preventive measures. The awareness and satisfaction of child abuse preventive education, the awareness of the legal role and function of the child protection agency, the mandatory reporting of child abuse, and the perception of the obligor were more perceived by early childhood teachers. Third, the subcontracting of the child abuse improvement measures, the provision of child abuse preventive education and provision of data, the actual situation of child abuse through mass media and promotion of measures, expansion of child abuse prevention education using mass media, Teachers were more aware of education. These results are expected to provide basic data on understanding and recognition of the prevention of child abuse by parents and early childhood teachers.

• 재활복지
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.129-146
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• 2017

In an event of an emergency, such as fire in a building, visually impaired and blind people are prone to exposed to a level of danger that is greater than that of normal people, for they cannot be aware of it quickly. Current fire detection methods such as smoke detector is very slow and unreliable because it usually uses chemical sensor based technology to detect fire particles. But by using vision sensor instead, fire can be proven to be detected much faster as we show in our experiments. Previous studies have applied various image processing and machine learning techniques to detect fire, but they usually don't work very well because these techniques require hand-crafted features that do not generalize well to various scenarios. But with the help of recent advancement in the field of deep learning, this research can be conducted to help solve this problem by using deep learning-based object detector that can detect fire using images from security camera. Deep learning based approach can learn features automatically so they can usually generalize well to various scenes. In order to ensure maximum capacity, we applied the latest technologies in the field of computer vision such as YOLO detector in order to solve this task. Considering the trade-off between recall vs. complexity, we introduced two convolutional neural networks with slightly different model's complexity to detect fire at different recall rate. Both models can detect fire at 99% average precision, but one model has 76% recall at 30 FPS while another has 61% recall at 50 FPS. We also compare our model memory consumption with each other and show our models robustness by testing on various real-world scenarios.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.35 no.7
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• pp.109-117
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• 2019

Recently, child safety map making education has attracted attention as a way to reduce crimes against children. In Korea, the Ministry of Gender Equality and Family organized a child safety map making education program in 2011. The program's manual was revised in 2013 and the Ministry implemented it as a project to promote the rights of women and children. Child safety map making education aims to raise a child's understanding of their neighborhood, to have voluntary control and normal consciousness as a local inhabitant, to be aware of wrong behavior and crime, and to be part of creating a safe urban environment. However, when compared to educational programs in other major developed countries, the child safety map making education program in Korea currently does not improve a child's awareness of their surroundings. In this workshop study, we proposed and ran a new program to improve children's awareness of their environment based on the active participation of children in the existing safety map educational program. The workshop was held for 4 weeks for 48 students from 5th and 6th grade at Osan Daeho Elementary School. We analyzed this new program's effects with the following results. First, an analysis of the effects of the program on children's recognition of safe and dangerous spaces revealed that their understanding of these spaces increased by 30.4% after the workshop. The safety-related factor in the mind map key concept increased from 0.94 to 4.94, indicating that the children's perception of neighborhood risk and safety factors improved. Second, the analysis of the effects of the program on the children's coping ability in dangerous situations showed that their understanding of how to deal with dangerous situations increased by 11.3%. The children's understanding of facilities they could ask for help, such as police boxes and child safety guard houses, improved by 17.9%. Third, analysis of the effects of child safety map making education on children's understanding of their neighborhood, their perception of responsibility in the neighborhood, and their neighborhood attachment showed that these levels of children's understanding of the neighborhood improved by 6.0% after the workshop.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.239-249
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• 2020

To find out the cause of the fire blight outbreak in apples and pears of Korea in 2019, we investigated disease appearing situation of thirty fire blight infected orchards, and interviewed farmers to determine the cultivation characteristics. Fire blight occurred mostly in orchards that had infected more than 2 years before. The cause of this were as follows: farmers did not know the symptoms of the disease properly. It is presumed that it has spread from the first occurrence to the surrounding orchards by flower-visiting insects or farmers and to a short distance or a long distance by the same cultivator or co-farmer. These series of processes repeated in the newly spreading area, and then disease reports increased as farmers became aware of fire blight. To minimize the spread of fire blight in Korea, it suggested that thorough education of farmers for early diagnosis and quantitative detection technology that can diagnose even in no symptom showing plants. And chemical or biological spraying systems suitable for domestic cultivation methods, which are producing large fruits, and molecular epidemiological studies of pathogens.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.58
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• pp.307-336
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• 2018

This paper traces the historical genealogy of the subjectivity and the silsim (實心, true mind) that appear in Jeong In-Bo's "gukhak" (國學, the national learning) thought and illuminates its characteristics. In the modern East Asian history of thought, the beginning of the emergence of subjectivity and the silsim as the main philosophical topic comes from the Neo-Confucianism of Song Dynasty in China. Cheng Yi is the first thinker to emphasize subjectivity and consciousness. Zhu Xi and Wang Yang-ming inherit the Neo-Confucian thought based on Cheng Yi's principle of subjectivity, but only show difference in methodology. In the Chosun Dynasty, Jeong Je-Doo and his School were one example of the Neo-Confucian spirit of subjectivity and the silsim. Although Jeong In-Bo (鄭寅普) belongs to Jeong Je-Doo's school of Ganghwa in the school curriculum, he has only used it methodologically since he believed that Yangming's learning is more effective in the awareness and practice of the silsim. Especially noteworthy is that the principle of subjectivity led Jeong In-Bo to follow the frame of Zhu Xi's moral theory. Jeong's claim that selfish desire (jasasim 自私心) should be controlled by a conscious mind (silsim) being aware of the right and 'ought to do' corresponds to Zhu Xi's view that the moral mind (dosim 道心) should be selected in the conflict situation between sensual desire (insim 人心) and moral consciousness so that the insim should be supervised by the dosim. Such ethics is a position to emphasize the inner motive and the sense of duty of conduct, and there is no fundamental difference in Zhu Xi and Wang Yang-ming. At least on this point, it is necessary to look at modern and contemporary Korean studies from the perspective of continuity, not discontinuity from Confucian tradition.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.69
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• pp.45-75
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to explore the implementation of Bibliodrama on the metaverse platforms. In other words, to create interesting and effective Bible education for modern learners, this study took a didactical approach to the implementation of Bibliodrama through the metaverse. The main reason to be enthusiastic about using the metaverse for education is because users, who have been only content consumers, now able to experience and create values. As a Bible didactical approach, Bibliodrama is a an emphatical and communicative learning method in the form of role play. Bibliodrama seeks to interact with the world of the learner and the world of the Bible through improvisational acting, to study the Bible. Through the Bible didactical approach, the meeting of Bibliodrama and the metaverse can have a positive effect on modern learners, in terms of improving learning environment and, above all else, increasing learning interest. In terms of biblical didactics, implementing Bibliodrama in the metaverse has the following advantages. First, it helps to construct a dramatic situation and environment so that the meaning of the biblical text can be proved relevant to today's learners, not something belonging to the past. Second, in the metaverse, the historical space and characters of the Bible can be realized in virtual reality to produce a 'situational play'. Demonstrating freedom, imagination and creativity in the metaverse learners play in Bibliodrama. This way they also become aware of the hidden meaning of the blank pages in the Bible. Third, the metaverse environment is not static but dynamic and interactive; Bibliodrama pursues an interpretation that harmonizes spirit and body. Therefore, through the dynamic activities of discovering the meaning and significance of the Bible, it is possible to form a holistic faith in which spirit and body act as one.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.369-375
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• 2022

Due to the so-called COVID-19 pandemic, railway service management has also faced an unprecedented situation over the past. This study conducted a survey of customers using high-speed railways during the COVID-19 pandemic to explore the impact of infectious diseases on the railway service customer experience. As a result, customer satisfaction and loyalty increase as customers are more aware of the quarantine-related services provided by railway operators. The moderating role of customer's COVID-19 risk perception was examined as well because there are individual differences in the level of thinking dangerously about Covid-19. As a result, the perceived level of the service's quarantine-related services has a significant impact on customer satisfaction when the customer's risk perception of Covid-19 is at an appropriate level, but its impact is relatively weak when the customer's risk perception is significantly high. Eventually, only the complete extinction of COVID-19 risk will bring a complete recovery to the service industry. Nevertheless, during the epidemic period, it was confirmed that the main service characteristics are that the service operator thoroughly conducts quarantine activities and faithfully communicates with customers.