• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.31-46
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• 2011

The purpose of this survey was to give data and information about type and needs of Home Physical Therapy, Visiting Physical Therapy and School Physical Therapy for physical and nurse. The subjects were 154(99 physical therapists and 55 nurses) who were working at geriatric rehabilitation hospitals and children hospitals. The period of questionary collection was from the 15 of August to the 15th of September 2011. And data was analysis from 99 articles such as journals related to physical therapy, and searched with keyword 'home and visiting physical therapy' by web site and Korea National Assembly Library from 1991 to 2011. The data was analysis with percentage, mean, standard deviation and ANOVA by SPSS PC 12.0. The results were as follows; 1. The definition of 'Home Physical Therapy' has been community based on physical therapy service for the patient who had diagnosis by medical doctor, has been based on medical law. The definition of 'Visiting Physical Therapy' has been community based on physical therapy service at home for the patient who had diagnosis by medical doctor, for the national basic living security, and senior citizen over 65 years who lives alone, has been based on law for community health and law of long term health insurance. The definition of 'School Physical Therapy' has been school based on physical therapy service at school after class for the disabled children who are studying at school, has been based on special education law article 28. 2. As for the knowledge of the Home and Visiting and School Physical Therapy, both groups PT and nurse were 'I do not know'125(81.3%) of the difference the concept of 3 definitions, so it means to need education and information about the different concept of three physical therapy. As for the needs of home and visiting physical therapy, both groups of PT and Nurse were 'needs' 151(98.1%). Physical therapist showed of 'Needs' on visiting physical therapy 35(35.4%), home physical therapy 32(32.3%), and schole physical therapy 32(32.3%). Nurse showed of 'Needs' on home physical therapy 23(41.8%). visiting physical therapy 19(34.5%), school physical therapy 13(23.6%). Therefore it is necessary to have home and visiting physical therapy as for the elderly and disabled person. 3. As for the qualification of Home and Visiting physical therapist, both PT and nurse groups showed as follows; take post graduation education program for home and visiting therapy after became PT : home physical therapist 108(70.1%), visiting physical therapist 106(68.8%). So it means education center or university can be developed post graduation program for home and visiting physical therapist. 4. As for the 'Needs' of school physical therapy, both groups of PT and nurse showed as follows; 'Needs' 142(92.2%), 'Needs superviser education program' 148(96.1%), in PT group showed 'I will participate of education program' 92(92.9%). 5. As for the present states of research papers or report of home, visiting, and school physical therapy was as follows; the 103 papers for 8 fields about' the needs of home and visiting physical therapy' from 1991 to 2011, the 13 papers for 2 fields about school physical therapy from 2001 to 2011, so total papers were 114 articles.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.246-253
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• 2010

Ginsenoside $Rg_3$ ($Rg_3$), one of the active ingredients in Panax ginseng, attenuates NMDA receptor-mediated currents in vitro and antagonizes NMDA receptors through a glycine modulatory site in rat cultured hippocampal neurons. In the present study, we examined the neuroprotective effects of $Rg_3$ on 24-hydroxycholesterol (24-OH-chol)-induced cytotoxicity in vitro. The results showed that $Rg_3$ treatment significantly and dose-dependently inhibited 24-OH-chol-induced cell death in rat cultured cortical neurons, with an $IC_{50}$ value of $28.7{\pm}7.5\;{\mu}m$. Furthermore, the $Rg_3$ treatment not only significantly reduced DNA damage, but also dose-dependently attenuated 24-OH-chol-induced caspase-3 activity. To study the mechanisms underlying the in vitro neuroprotective effects of $Rg_3$ against 25-OH-chol-induced cytotoxicity, we also examined the effect of $Rg_3$ on intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ elevations in cultured neurons and found that $Rg_3$ treatment dose-dependently inhibited increases in intracellular $Ca^{2+}$, with an $IC_{50}$ value of $40.37{\pm}12.88\;{\mu}m$. Additionally, $Rg_3$ treatment dose-dependently inhibited apoptosis with an $IC_{50}$ of $47.3{\pm}14.2\;{\mu}m$. Finally, after confirming the protective effect of $Rg_3$ using a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling assay, we found that $Rg_3$ is an active component in ginseng-mediated neuroprotection. These results collectively indicate that $Rg_3$-induced neuroprotection against 24-OH-chol in rat cortical neurons might be achieved via inhibition of a 24-OH-chol-mediated $Ca^{2+}$ channel. This is the first report to employ cortical neurons to study the neuroprotective effects of $Rg_3$ against 24-OH-chol. In conclusion, $Rg_3$ was effective for protecting cells against 24-OH-chol-induced cytotoxicity in rat cortical neurons. This protective ability makes $Rg_3$ a promising agent in pathologies implicating neurodegeneration such as apoptosis or neuronal cell death.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.125-137
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• 2011

Product reviews in online shopping sites can serve as a useful guideline to buying decisions of customers. However, due to the massive amount of such reviews, it is almost impossible for users to read all the product reviews. For this reason, e-commerce sites provide users with useful reviews or statistics of ratings on products that are manually chosen or calculated. Opinion mining or sentiment analysis is a study on automating above process that involves firstly analyzing users' reviews on a product to tell if a review contains positive or negative feedback, and secondly, providing a summarized report of users' opinions. Previous researches focus on either providing polarity of a user's opinion or summarizing user's opinion on a feature of a product that result in relatively low usage of information that a user review contains. Actual user reviews contains not only mere assessment of a product, but also dissatisfaction and flaws of a product that a user experiences. There are increasing needs for effective analysis on such criteria to help users on their decision-making process. This paper proposes a model that stores various types of user reviews in a data warehouse, and analyzes integrated reviews dynamically. Also, we analyze reviews of an online application shopping site with the proposed model.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.388-393
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• 2000

Cleft lip and palate is one of the most common congenital defects in oro-maxillo-facial region. Because most patients undergo surgical repair in early life, the sagittal jaw relationships used to be deteriorated gradually from palate surgery up to adulthood. Also, the maxillary lateral incisor may be absent or atypical-shaped in the cleft site and may not erupt or erupt ectopically, so multidisciplinary dental cares are needed for cleft lip and palate patients. The effects of the cleft lip and alveolus seem to be limited to that part of the dentofacial complex that surrounds the cleft area. In the maxillary arch, the anterior part of the non cleft segment has a tendency to be rotated forward. On the other hand, the cleft segment has a tendency to rotated slightly medially ; hence, the tendency for canines to be edge-to-edge and sometimes in crossbite. Lip and alveolus surgery adequetely correct these problems, with little untoward effect on the skeletal maxillary-mandible relationships. In this report, the patient has a repaired lip and cleft alveolus on the left side with congenital missing on '62, '22, oronasal fistula, and skeletal class III malocclusion which is not affected by lip surgery. Dental treatments for this patient including orthodontic(space supervision, functional regulator in mixed dentition, fixed therapy in permanent dentition) and prosthodontic(removable obturator with key and keyway attachment and Konus crown) therapy were performed to improve the patient's functions and esthetics.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.68-71
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• 2012

Purpose: Eczema herpeticum, caused by herpes simplex virus, is an infectious disease involving skin and internal organs. Varieties of physiologic, psychosocial, or environmental stress reactivate reservoir virus which exists in the trigeminal nerve ganglia. Authors report rare cases of nasal eczema herpeticum following corrective rhinoplasty. Methods: First case, 22-year-old female underwent corrective rhioplasty through an external approach in a local clinic. She developed progressive and painful erythema, nodules and vesicles on nose on the 9th day postoperatively. This unfamiliar lesion lead to a misdiagnosis as a bacterial infection, and had accelerated its progress to the trigeminal innervation of the nasal unit. Second case, a 23-year-old female underwent corrective rhinoplasty by external lateral osteotomy. Ten days after the surgery, disruption occurred on the external osteotomy site, and the ulceration gradually worsened. The surgeon misdiagnosed it as secondary bacterial infection and only an antibacterial agent was applied. Results: Both cases were healed effectively without any complication with proper wound dressing and antiviral therapy, and show no sequelae during an 8-month follow-up period. Conclusion: Eczema herpeticum is rare in the field of plastic surgery, but it should be kept in mind that secondary bacterial infections may lead to serious complications such as full-thickness skin loss. Thus, acknowledgement of the patient's past history regarding perioral or intraoral lesion may provide the surgeon with the possible expectancy of eczema herpeticum. Thus, if anyone develops eczema herpeticum, following facial plastic surgery, early diagnosis and immediate proper antiviral therapy will allow fast recovery without serious complications.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.117-127
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• 1991

When open reduction of maxilla fractures is postponed due to concurrent life-threatening injuries, delayed union may result with malunion or nonunion. If delayed malunion is occurred, significant facial deformity may result, including a dished-out face, irregular retromaxillism with Angle's class III malocclusion, open anterior bite, nasal collapse, telecanthus and malar flattening. The treatment planning for this problem includes cephalometric evaluation anterior and lateral tomograms, dental casts, orthodontic planning, dental planning and use of impression tray to rupture the fibrous tissue casts, orthodontic planning, dental planning and use of impression tray to rupture the fibrous tissue attachment at the fracture site. In this paper, one case presented a 58-year-old female patient with maxilla retrusion after comminuted fracture, who was treated with orthodontic methods of maxillary protraction headgear and Plaster headcap, whereas the other two cases were about male patients who were treated principally with surgically open reduction or Le Fort I-controlled transverse osteotomy with iliac bone graft.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.69-114
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• 2010

This study investigates the voluntary corporate disclosure of environmental information via stand-alone environmental reports or company web-sites. Quality of disclosure was assessed using the content analysis index proposed by Clarkson et al. (2008) based on GRI guidelines. Descriptive statistics on disclosure scores by category suggest that the level of disclosure is low relative to the expectation implied by the GRI reporting guidelines, and points to the need for improvement in the future. Specific areas where improvement is required include the disclosure of environmental performance indicators. Corporate environmental performance was measured in terms of the percentage of toxic wastes that was treated or processed by each firm and economic performance, by industry-adjusted annual return, which was subject to a series of association tests designed to explore the interrelations among environmental disclosure, environmental performance, and economic performance. The individual equation approach based on OLS procedures suggests a positive association between environmental performance and the level of discretionary environmental disclosures, which is not the case between environmental and economic performance. An integrated analysis using simultaneous equations approach does not indicate any significant relationships among three constructs, suggesting the lack of endogeneity, inconsistent with Al-Tuwaijri et al. (2004). Additional analysis assesses the level of environmental disclosure made in footnotes to the audited annual reports, which suggests that the quality of disclosure is very low and that footnote disclosure does not serve as a meaningful channel for the provision of corporate environmental information.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.260-269
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• 2019

The prolonged neglect of the posterior teeth missing area may cause mesial drift, extrusion, unexpected movement of the adjacent teeth and alveolar bone loss with occlusion collapse. Therefore it is recommended to treat that area by the prosthesis as soon as possible after tooth missing. However, if orthodontic treatment is applied to move the remained teeth, it can create improved biomechanical dentoalveolar environment. The use of the third molars in teeth missing area provides advantages as optimizing of prosthesis size. However, crown shape, location, soundness of the third molar and possible of eruption failure should be considered. In this case report, two patients closed a second teeth missing site and reduced the size of the first and second teeth missing area for an implant by protraction of impacted third molars. This case reports the considerations for closing or reducing the posterior teeth space with protracting the third molars by comparing two patients.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.191-196
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• 2007

Purpose: Gluteal perforator is easily identified in the gluteal region and gluteal perforator flap is a very versatile flap in sacral sore reconstruction. We obtained satisfying results using the gluteal perforator flap, so we report this clinical experiences with a review of the literature. Methods: Between November of 2003 and April 2006, the authors used 16 gluteal perforator flaps in 16 consecutive patients for coverage of sacral pressure sores. The mean age of the patients was 47.4 years (range, 14 to 78 years), and there were 9 male and 7 female patients. All flaps in the series were supplied by musculocutaneous arteries and its venae comitantes penetrating the gluteus maximus muscle and reaching the intrafascial and suprafascial planes, and the overlying skin forming a rich vascular plexus arising from gluteal muscles. Patients were followed up for a mean period of 11.5 months. Results: All flaps survived except one that had undergone total necrosis by patient's negligence. Wound dehiscence was observed in three patients and treated by secondary closure. There was no recurrence during the follow-up period. Conclusion: Gluteal perforator flaps allow safe and reliable options for coverage of sacral pressure sores with minimal donor site morbidity, and do not sacrifice the gluteus maximus muscle and rarely lead to post-operative complications. Freedom in flap design and easy-to perform make gluteal perforator flap an excellent choice for selected patients.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.565-570
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• 2009

Purpose: Numerous techniques have been introduced to reconstruct the perineal area in order to preserve function of both the recipient and the donor site while satisfying aesthetic results. There are several advantages of using the pudendal aretery perforator based flap in that it provides thin coverage of defect area and a relatively excellent circulation through perforators. The perineal region can be divided into two areas : the urogenital triangle and the anal triangle. Since each area differs in structure and function so does its reconstructive plan. The authors of this article report clinical results obtained from pudendal artery perforator based reconstructed cases according to each differrent triangles. Methods: A total of 15 patients who underwent perineal reconstruction were enrolled in our study between the year 2002 and 2006. There were 4 cases of vaginal cancer, 4 cases of extramammary Paget's disease, 1 case of rectovaginal fistula in females and 2 cases of Paget's disease and 4 cases of Fournier's gangrene in male cases. The follow up period was on average 6 month. In female, superfical pudendal artery perforator based local flap were used to reconstruct the urogenital triangle defects, while internal pudendal artery perfoator based local flaps were used to reconstruct the anal traingle defects. In males the gracilis myocutaneous flap and internal pudendal artery perforator based local flaps were used in reconstruction of the scrotum and perineal defect. Result: In females, there was 1 case of partial flap necorsis that employed the superficial pudendal artery perforator but secondary repair through the internal pudendal artery perforator based local flap was done. In addition, there were 4 wound dehiscence cases in females and 2 cases in males. Conclusion: We believe that a better aesthetic and functional outcome can be achieved in perineal reconstruction if discrete surgical planning is carried out systematically categorizing the choice of flap employed acccording to distinct anatomical regions : the urogenital and the anal triangle.