• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.582-590
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• 2018

Although there are many studies of the effect of climate change on the breeding phenology and community diversity of amphibians, the studies of variations in reproductive population size of individual species according to climate change are still lacking. We examined the effect of climate change on the reproductive population size of Rana huanrenensis and Hynobius leechii, which bred in mountain valleys, by surveying the reproductive population of the two species between 2005 and 2012 and analyzing the correlation between the variation of the outdoor population and the surrounding climate change factors, obtained from a meteorological observatory located at 5.6 km from the study site. The size of the reproductive population of the two species commonly fluctuated with aan pproximately 3.5-year cycle. That of H. leechii, in particular, decreased significantly over eight years. The air temperature tended to more closely relate with the reproductive population size of R. huanrenensis as was the case of the precipitation with that of H. leechii. The yearly mean highest temperature and spring mean temperature variation consistently decreased over the eight years, and the latter was related with the significantly decreased size of H. leechii reproductive population. These results showed that recent climate change directly could affect the reproductive population size of amphibians, particularly H. leechii, which breeds in mountain valleys.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.1-12
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• 2018

This study was conducted to analyze the openness of erosion control dams situated near mountain stream. The ecological functions of erosion control dams analyzed by such openness for adequately protect and manage the diversity of species and to prevent disasters. The obtained results were as follows. When structurally modifying or changing non-permeable, gravity type dams with a passing rate of less than 1% into open-type dams, the passing rate increased by about 77 times more from 0.72% to 55.8%. Except for closed, gravity type erosion control dams that are constructed with a special purpose such as creating sand deposits and reservoirs, there is a need to construct and improve the dams into permeable type dams that can relatively satisfactorily perform various functions such as carrying soil and sand to the downstream region and create a ecological corridor upstream and downstream for fish and amphibians. The openness based on the blocking height of the erosion control dam varies depending upon the height of the base part and the depth of the substructural part. It must be designed based on the on-site conditions and the purpose of the construction. The functional types of erosion control dams based on the open form of the cross-section as follows: the fish traffic type, flood control type, reservoir type for forest fire control), non-permeability type for soil and rock blocking, net type for blocking the rock flow and the particle screen type.

• Korean Journal of Child Education & Care
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.57-69
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• 2019

Objective: The purpose of this study is to identify the strengths and problems of the current in-service education system, and suggest ways to improve it in the future by looking at the current status of in-service education to strengthen the expertise of teachers and directors of childcare centers. In particular, I would like to search the current status of in-service education, including on-line special job competency education, which is responsible for one of the pillars of in-service education, and present the problems and measures to improve them. Methods: To that end, the present study conducted an analysis of issues based on the previous research on in-service education of childcare teachers' education, and conducted a literature examination focusing on laws, policies, and foreign cases related to in-service education. Results: In-service education for childcare teachers was categorized into educational process diversification and professionalism, educational method diversification, qualification management, and educational support, which were again organized into 14 core tasks. In addition, as a recent phenomenon that has not been discussed in detail in the preceding study, the phenomenon of increased participation in on-line special job competency education at the site of in-service education was analyzed and the problems were presented. Conclusion/Implications: Based on the results of this study, I proposed development measures such as changing the term 'in-service education' and recognizing the diversity of job competency education, the credit rating banking system for job competency education, the provision of on-line job competency education curriculum (basic courses/enhancing courses) for collective education courses, the expansion of education support for promotion to a higher grade courses and the conversion of the mandatory evaluation system for in-service educational institutions.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.71-80
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• 2019

The Fourth Industrial Revolution, centered on intelligence and information, began to take hold in 2016. This study uses virtual reality technology, which is the most popular technology of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The purpose of this study is to explore a Virtual Walk-through method, which can be easily applied to landscape architecture. At present, virtual reality technology is widely used in the fields of games, emergency training, and architectural design. However, in the field of landscape architecture, it is still in the development stage. In addition, most of the traditional ways to display virtual reality use 2D images, but such methods have some limitations. Therefore, this research addresses the three stages of "design-exhibition-experience" and puts forward a new simple method called 'Virtual Walk-through' that breaks from traditional landscape design exhibitions. The results show that compared with traditional methods, virtual reality has many advantages, such as the freedom of experience, a diversity of viewing angles, information supply, interaction, etc. It can show high quality images and effects, which are suitable for landscape design. It provides an evaluation method for garden design that can be utilized in the future. It is simple and has value as it can reflect the method and the expected effects. Virtual reality technology can bring an infinite number of prospects to the development of landscape architecture.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.154-169
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• 2018

In modern society, cultural heritage has played a role in constituting national identity. The Cultural Heritage Education Project started in the 2000s by the Cultural Heritage Administration was also aware of the issue of sustainable development and cultural diversity as major cultural issues at the time. However, the main purpose of previous cultural heritage education was to foster national identity. The Cultural Heritage Administration has executed cultural heritage education programs since 2006. The education program of the cultural heritage teacher visiting the school, the project to designate a cultural heritage school, and an education program to experience cultural heritage at an archaeological site were carried out. In the 2010s, the theme of cultural rights and enjoyment of cultural heritage in life was raised as an important issue. Cultural heritage education had to accept the 'new meaning of cultural heritage', 'cultural rights', and 'learnercentered education'. In this context, the local cultural heritage education project started. The region is a space where various identities are reconstructed. However, local cultural heritage education itself cannot realize cultural heritage enjoyment in life. Therefore, it is necessary to seek cultural heritage in life through the various efforts of local cultural heritage education.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.36
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• pp.69-119
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• 2013

The local history research started from the 1960's postmodernism neted in the local history as the subject of diversity instead of National history. The local is being magnified as a new research theme among history scholar. In these circumstances, the local history research shows sign of activity and the movement that used in various ways at education has become more active. Compared to the contents business of local history, development of education contents what serviced for student is insufficient. Therefore, this research suggests development plan of local history education contents using archives which efficient tool of history education. Students can grow the ability of historical inquiry, thinking, insight through archives-assisted learning. Also, self-learning is possible instead of a lecture by teacher. This research shows a development of archival contents for local history education though literature research, abroad case analysis, focus group interview with history teachers. Concepts of the local history, local history education, education contents are examined at literature research. Local history education of the State Archives of the United States of America, the United Kingdom, Australia web site is analyzed. These state archives have been providing the web based service of archival contents for local history education for a long time. With these theoretical background, carry out a focus group interview with middle school history teachers. It draw conclusion that 14 category and 35 subcategory and these are reflected in the development of archival contents for local history education.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.580-587
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• 2019

Benthic macroinvertebrates were analyzed in March, June, September, and December 2018 to evaluate water quality in the Songji River in Sacheon-ci, Korea. The identified benthic macroinvertebrates included 447 individuals belonging to 20 species, 18 families, 12 orders, 5 classes, and 3 phyla. Various ecological parameters were estimated for evaluation of the river status. The total ecological score of benthic macroinvertebrate community (TESB) varied from 17 (Station D) to 41 (Station A). The saprobic index and ecological score of benthic macroinvertebrate community (ESB) for the evaluation of river status revealed a water quality evaluation at Station A of II (oligosaprobic), indicating some satisfactory water protection. The benthic macroinvertebrate index (BMI) varied from 25.207 (Site C) to 39.348 (Station A). The evaluation of the river status at Stations C and D was polysaprobic, and sensitive taxa were absent. The mean Shannon-Weaver index (H') of diversity varied from 1.288 (Station D) to 2.250 (Station A). The classification of saprobity based on H' was ${\beta}$-mesosaprobic at Station A and ${\alpha}$-mesosaprobic at the other stations. The value of geometric density was varied from 1.229 (Station A) to 2.071 (Station D), with a mean of 1.582. An artificial load is being added to this river. One of load is the rectal river construction which flows straight through the river physics. Thus, the environment of living organisms deteriorates due to insufficient water. In order to secure the quality of the Songji River and a good environmental habitat, several low-height stepped-beam structures are required.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.3-10
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• 2019

In school facilities, space is the basic framework. The structure and arrangement of space will provide the form and feel of school facilities. In order to become a high-quality school facility, it is necessary to focus on the educational, human and ecological aspects of the instructor and learner until the space is conceived, designed and completed. However, even when public education was introduced in the past, it did not become a school space considering this aspect. The school space, which focuses on efficiency and labor production, is a school space that reflects the characteristics of a factory-type school, which has been occupied by a large number until recently. Although efforts to improve the quality of school facilities have been attempted in recent years, there is also a need to pursue more active changes. Future-oriented and progressive school spaces include flexibility, connectivity, individualization, diversity(creativity). In other words, space should be flexible so that it can be used faithfully according to the educational situation, not the fixed and limited school space as in the past. In the future, the school space should be open and securely linked to the place where it is essential to complete community relations with the community. In addition, space should be flexible so that the school can meet the needs of each student as much as possible. And the school space should be transformed from the space design of the past fixed pattern to reflect the close relationship between spatial, psychological, physiological, and behavioral areas. When school space needs to shift away from the past and change in a new future-oriented direction, the remaining tasks should be presented with specific characteristics and content of the direction. And the function of the consignment should be handled by related research. Although the text of this study reveals the characteristics of future-oriented school space, more concrete and empirical research results should be presented by subsequent research at home and abroad. It is necessary to reduce trial and error in creating a future-oriented school space where both professors and learners can be satisfied by analyzing the common points and differences between the results of the study. In order to do this, it is necessary to make efforts to approach such research based on the participation of the subjects who teach and learn directly at the school site.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.354-366
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• 2022

To analyze the distribution of plant communities growing in river wetlands and the relationship between biotic and abiotic environmental factors, plant communities and environmental factors were investigated in river wetlands in the Boseong River. The Boseong River Wetland, the research site, consists of Hwapyeong Wetland, Bangujeong Wetland, and Seokgok Wetland. From June to September 2022, a plant community survey was conducted from the perspective of physiognomical vegetation, and the coverage of the emerging species followed the Braun-Blanquet scale. Plant species and the coverage of each species were recorded in the quadrant for plant community survey, and the cover of the quadrant, the total number of species, and the number of exotic species were measured as biological factors. As abiotic factors, altitude, orientation, inclination, soil texture, litter layer depth, dominant species diameter at breast height, and topography were recorded. In a total of 50 square plots, the most common Salix koreensis and Phragmites japonicus communities were found, and the community with the highest Shannon species diversity index was Phragmites japonicus-Echinochloa caudata community. As a result of ordination analysis by DCCA, the most significant clusters were separated according to topographic factors such as leeve, leeve slope, upper floodplain, lower floodplain, upper waterside, middle waterside, lower waterside, river island and opem water. As rare plants that need to be preserved in river wetlands, Hydrocharis dubia and Penthorum chinense were found in lower waterside, and it was found that the management of the river in the reservoir is necessary in line with the topographical distribution of ecosystem-disrupting plants, such as Paspalum distichum var. indutum.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.667-677
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• 2020

This study was conducted to investigate the fish fauna and characteristics of the Carassius auratus population in the Boryeong Reservoir in Chungcheongnam-do from October 2017 to June 2018. The collected fish were identified as 3,506 individuals of 15 species from a total of nine families. The dominant and subdominant species were H. nipponensis with 1,706 (48.6%) individuals and C. auratus with 1,021 (29.1%) individuals, respectively. The biomass of C. auratus (246,130g), P. fulvidraco(50,610g), C. cuvieri (14,730 g), S. asotus (11,560 g), and C. carpio (10,930 g) was analyzed. The results of the community analysis showed a dominant index value of 0.87 (±0.2), a diversity index value of 0.78 (±0.5), an evenness index value of 0.47 (±0.2), and a richness index value of 0.99 (±0.5). The length-weight analysis of C. auratus showed a regression coefficient b of 3.06, and a condition factor (K) of 0.0004 with a positive slope. The frequency distribution of the total length analysis of the C. auratus population inhabiting the Boryeong Reservoir showed a high distribution of lengths between 140-160 mm and a low distribution between 230-280 mm. The normalized difference water index (NDWI) was analyzed over the Boryeong Reservoir water surface from 2013 to 2014 using Landsat 8 channel data. The areas where the NDWI was decreased were located at the inflow site of Ungcheon Stream.