• 보존과학연구
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• 통권16호
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• pp.18-40
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• 1995

Twelve bronze artifacts and silver earring from Kimhae Yangdong-ri Site were treated by B.T.A(Benzotriazole) for the stabilization of copper alloys and impregnated with Incralac for consolidation. Bronze artifacts were analyzed qualitatively by X-rayfluorescence. It was found that elemental composition of bronze artifacts were Cu-Sn-Pbsystem wint some impurities such as Bi, As, Fem Sb, and Ag.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.825-831
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• 2013

The Suwon stream which consists of a mountainous reach, an artificial reservoir and an urban reach provides benthic macroinvertebrates with various habitats. This study was conducted to find out the influence of reservoir sluice control and water quality on benthic macroinvertebrates community in the Suwon stream from June to August, 2011. As a result, substrate composition showed little difference between the upper site (S2) and the lower site of the reservoir (S3). At site S3, water velocity was fastest, and water temperature was lowest due to the intermediate depth discharge of the reservoir. Cheumatopsyche brevilineata which prefer fast water velocity was dominant at site S3. Some biotic indices (H', J, and R) of site S3 decreased significantly whereas Benthic Macroinvertebrate Index (BMI) showed little difference between site S2 and site S3. EPT showed a negative correlation with water temperature. The sluice control of the reservoir leaded variations of water velocity and temperature, and seemed to make the state of aquatic ecosystem worse.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.279-287
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• 2021

In this study, the composition and morphology of deposited dust particles with size ranging from a few to tens ㎛ were investigated using SEM/EDX (scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive x-ray spectrometer). Then deposited dust particles were classified into 8 groups: quartz, aluminosilicates, ca-rich, Fe/Ti oxide, carbon-rich, industrial particle, Fe-rich, and biogenic particle. The sources of deposited dust were high in the order of aluminosilicates 41% > biogenic 18% > Fe-rich 11% > quartz and C-rich 8% > industrial 7% > Fe/Ti oxide 5% > Ca-rich 1%. In particular, the ratio of biogenic particles was relatively high due to influence of pollen. The ratio of carbon-rich was 11% at YM site, 10% at MD site, and 4% at MO site, and the site close to the large emission source was high.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제32권10호
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• pp.693-701
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• 2023

In this study, we analyzed 82 dust damage dispute mediation cases over the past 5 years and evaluated cases where the probability of damage was verified through dust concentration measurement, modeling prediction, and chemical composition analysis. The cause of dust damage was a construction site, which accounted for most of the damage (97%), and was closely related to the distance from the construction site, total floor area of the construction site, and construction duration. Compensation was decided in only 33% of dust damage cases, and in only 6% (five cases) were damages determined using scientific techniques such as dust measurement, and forecasting. The main criteria for determining compensation were whether administrative measures were taken and evidence of damage in the form of videos and photos. In the future, measuring or model for the amount of dust damage is necessary to determine whether the limit has been exceeded and to revise the standard for calculating compensation through various lines of evidence of dust damage.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.230-238
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was done to identify the relationship among bone mineral density (BMD), body composition and osteoporosis self-efficacy and to identify predictors of BMD in female nursing students. Method: Participants were 154 nursing students. Osteoporosis self-efficacy was determined by a self-report questionnaire. BMD was measured by ultrasound bone densitometry and body composition by a body composition analyzer. Data were collected between April 1 and 27, 2013 and analyzed using descriptive statistics, ANOVA, Scheff$\acute{e}$ test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple regression with SPSS 18.0. Results: Mean BMD at the calcaneus site was $0.58{\pm}1.31$ (T-score). Incidence of osteopenia was 11.7%. Percentage of body fat (PBF)-defined obesity had higher prevalence than body mass index (BMI)-defined obesity. BMD had significant positive correlations with skeletal muscle mass (r=.226, p=.005) and fat free mass (r=.225, p=.005). The factor predicting BMD was skeletal muscle mass with 4.7% of explained variance. Conclusion: Study results indicate that of body composition components, skeletal muscle mass is the prime predicting factor for BMD. Thus to promote healthy bones, it is important to strengthen the muscles using a program, based on balanced development of all muscles.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.13-21
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• 2022

Seowon is an educational institution of Neo-Confucianism in the Joseon Dynasty and is distributed throughout the country. Such a Seowon has a certain form in the composition and arrangement of buildings. Korean Seowon were recognized as excellent for localization by transforming them according to the local environment. Therefore, it was registered as a World Heritage Site. Museongseowon is located in the village differently from the 8 registered Seowons. However, data and research on the location setting and architectural composition of MuseongSeowon are insignificant, so related research is needed. Therefore, in this study, the appearance of the period when MuseongSeowon was equipped with architectural formality was investigated. This study compared the appearance of MuseongSeowon in Chilkwong-do drawn in 1910 and the present appearance, focusing on the Ganghak area. As a result, the architectural composition of the Seowon was similar to the present appearance after the revision of the Gangdang area in Chilkwong-do. Therefore, the present architectural composition of the Seowon appears to be the same as before 1900. In addition, the location and appearance of Heunghakjae and Myeonamsa, which were currently lost in the Gangsujae area, were partially derived. It seems that seowon played a central role in the village even after 1910. Also, since it is located in the village, the building seems to have a flexible spatial composition.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.75-83
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• 2016

Background: In order to evaluate the effect of pH, known as a critical factor for shaping the biogeographical microbial patterns in the studies by others, on the bacterial diversity, we selected two sites in a similar geographical location (site 1; north latitude 35.3, longitude 127.8, site 2; north latitude 35.2, longitude 129.2) and compared their soil bacterial diversity between them. The mountain soil at site 1 (Jiri National Park) represented naturally acidic but almost pollution free (pH 5.2) and that at site 2 was neutral but exposed to the pollutants due to the suburban location of a big city (pH 7.7). Methods: Metagenomic DNAs from soil bacteria were extracted and amplified by PCR with 27F/518R primers and pyrosequenced using Roche 454 GS FLX Titanium. Results: Bacterial phyla retrieved from the soil at site 1 were more diverse than those at site 2, and their bacterial compositions were quite different: Almost half of the phyla at site 1 were Proteobacteria (49 %), and the remaining phyla were attributed to 10 other phyla. By contrast, in the soil at site 2, four main phyla (Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Cyanobacteria) composed 94 %; the remainder was attributed to two other phyla. Furthermore, when bacterial composition was examined on the order level, only two Burkholderiales and Rhizobiales were found at both sites. So depending on pH, the bacterial community in soil at site 1 differed from that at site 2, and although the acidic soil of site 1 represented a non-optimal pH for bacterial growth, the bacterial diversity, evenness, and richness at this site were higher than those found in the neutral pH soil at site 2. Conclusions: These results and the indices regarding diversity, richness, and evenness examined in this study indicate that pH alone might not play a main role for bacterial diversity in soil.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.75-91
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• 1993

Structure and dynamics of Abies koreana community in Mt. Gaya were studied to provide the basic data for conservation of Abies koreana community, an endemic species in Korea. A. koreana community of this study site was composed of tree layer (4~7m), subtree layer (2~4m), shrub layer (1~2m), and herb layer (below 1m). The heights of tree and subtree layers were low. Floristic composition showed that this study site was subalpine and dry site. In frequency distribution diagram of diameter classes of major species consisting of A. koreana community, those of both A. koreana and other species showed reverse J-shaped types. From these results, it was estimated that A. koreana community of this site might be maintained continuously as a stable climax state like present state. In the spatal distribution diagram of major species, saplings of A. koreana were established under the canopy of A. koreana and Pinus koraiensis and under the dead tree of A. koreana. From these results, it was known that A. koreana saplings were recruited before the community was disturbed and regeneration was accomplished by advance regeneration pattern, in which these saplings established before occurrence of disturbance fill with open site originated from death of mature tree. Growth of annual rings was variable among individuals, it was estimated that such variation was originated in that growth of each individual relates to microclimatic conditions rather than macroclimatic ones. Ecological longevity of A. koreana in this study site estimated by disturbance types and age of dead trees was about 120 years.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.91-102
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• 2019

Decomposition models are essential in TMY development and solar energy system design. Up until recently, only a few decomposition model related researches are implemented in Korea due to lack of measured direct normal solar irradiance. In contrast, numerous researches have been conducted in various countries, and some quasi-universal composition models have been recommended by several papers. In this research, three decomposition models - Watanabe model, Reindl-2 model and Engerer1 model - are selected and their site-fitted coefficients are developed using measured direct normal solar irradiance in Seoul. R-squared, RMSE, MBE of the site-fitted models are compared with the case of original coefficients and then each other. The comparison result shows that the Reindl-2 model with site-fitted coefficients is best suitable for Seoul. Further researches will be conducted to find the best model using more various measured data of Korean cities and site-fitting methods.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.95-104
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• 2011

The drawings that currently possessing by the Jangseogak Library, The Academy of Korean Studies is the material which were drawn the figure of house in Seoul (Hanseong-bu), during from the middle part of 17th Century to the end of 19th Century. Since these drawings were drawn in the form of Gangado (間架圖), the layout and floor plan, the function of room of each houses can be examined. Focusing on drawings on which the room name was written among those drawings, this Study has researched about the scale and space composition by each domains of the upper-class housing in Seoul, during the latter part of the Joseon Dynasty. Based on the originals, all of the drawings were redrawn using AutoCAD 2008, and the scale of site and building, the occupying area by domains were also analyzed, compared. As the result, it was investigated that the most part of upper-class housing in Seoul had far exceeded over the control limitation about the site size and the building scale in accordance with the status. Furthermore, in this Study, by means of concretely research on the space and room composition of each ranges of the upper-class housing in Seoul, it was quite examinable on the architectural figure of the upper-class housing in Seoul, During the latter part of the Joseon Dynasty, which was not known well in the meanwhile.