• ALGAE
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.295-305
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• 2006

The purpose of the study is to understand the ecological characteristics of the early stage of community formation of epilithic diatoms. The samples were daily collected from a site of the Kumho River during 70 days from October 13 to December 21 in 2002. Total 126 diatom taxa collected in the study were classified into 114 species and 12 varieties belonging to 26 genera. About 80% of the taxa collected from the artificial substrata during the whole studying period were observed until tenth day from the start time of the study. In the study the successional process of the diatom community was divided into the three stages of the early, the middle and the later by cluster analysis based on the similarities in species composition among the communities. Cocconeis placentula Ehrenb. and C. placentula var. lineata (Ehrenb.) V.H., horizontally positioned species, would be divided into the early successional species, and Diatoma vulgre Bory, vertically positioned species, was the later successional species. Cell densities and species composition of the diatoms on the artificial substrata were closely similar to them of natural substrata after 40th day from the start time of the study.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.276-283
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• 2013

Coworking space is the ideal concept of small companies, freelancers, startups, and entrepreneurs operating out of a shared office space while working independently of one another. The coworkers share the core values of coworking: collaboration, openness, accessibility, sustainability, and community. Little academic research has been completed on the composition of coworking spaces and the businesses that use them. The purpose of this study is to examine the organization and characteristic of coworking space based on domestic and international cases for providing basic data on the coworking space plan. This study examined existing academic literature, media, online sources to assess the environmental background of worldwide coworking space, the current status, conceptualization, and membership plan that can be appled coworking spaces. The case study for coworking space is limited to the space where there is web site that is showed floor plan. Coworking spaces are designed to be environmentally friendly, offering common area with many facilities to encouraging community and collaboration. For creating ideal coworking space, the concept of coworking space must be recognized as a community space for interaction and creativity between people and space. Based on the result of this study, the appropriate zoning, circulation and specific floor plan of coworking space is needed for the next research.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.141-148
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• 2008

Most of the recent studies on Seowon have been done just in terms of classification of general kinds of building layout, so there are a few things ignored such as the way they were arranged, the compositional process of buildings etc.. Although the classification of types itself is meaningful in the study on Korean traditional architecture, there has been some limitation in deep analysis of each style. The aim of this study is to find out the characteristics of the building layout and space composition of Dodong-Seowon with the viewpoint of the process of changes of it during the time through the survey and analysis on both the existing site layout and the measuring unite of scale applied to the original construction of each building. Hierarchical order scheme was considered in the design of the space proceeding from the entrance to the main space and of the building position, axis and the roof heights of buildings.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.883-888
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• 2016

We investigated fish species composition seasonally at the intake and discharge of Weolseong Nuclear Power Plant (WS-NPP) from February to November 2008 using a trammel net. At the intake, 121 individuals belonging to 28 species were collected, and 157 fish from 34 species were sampled at the WS-NPP discharge. Dominant species at the intake were Chelidonichthys spinosus (17.2%), Scomber japonicus (11.5%) and Ditrema temminckii (8.2%) at the intake, while Sillago japonica (18.5%), Chelidonichthys spinosus (13.4%) and Konosirus punctatus (8.3%) dominated at the discharge. The species count and diversity index at the discharge were highest during winter, whereas those at the intake were highest during spring, perhaps due to warm seawater at the discharge site. This study is the first to reveal an effect of effluent water on the aggregation of warm water fish species during winter.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.51-59
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• 1999

Chemical composition of atmospheric aerosols was measured at 4 sites in Pusan. All the samples were collected with a high volume air sampler from January to October 1996, to analyze major ions and heavy metals. Dominant ions of aerosols were S $O_4$$^{2-}$ in anion and N $a^{+}$ in cation. Sulfate, nitrate and ammonium ions in aerosols showed high enrichment factor to soil and seawater composition. The concentrations of heavy metals in aerosols was lowest at the site PI near the coast. The lowest concentrations of major ions and heavy metals mainly appeared in August, probably due to scavenging by frequent rains. Especially, the concentrations of total suspended particulate matter(TSP) and heavy metals in aerosols showed good correlations in Pusan. Based on crustal Al, enrichment factors for some metals(Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd) in aerosols were significantly greater than unity, and the order was Cd ＞ Pb ＞ Zn ＞ Cu. This evidence suggests that Cd and Pb are derived predominantly from non-crustal sources.s.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.113-121
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• 2020

The Chinese Architect Wangshu, who won the Pritzker Architecture Prize at 2012, is the first and only winner in China. This study focused on the expression of his unique architectural ideas. Especially with a high interest in Chinese traditional calligraphy and landscape painting, Wangshu tried to use its traditional features to form his own architectural way. First this study looked at the features of calligraphy and landscape painting. Second this research studied the expression of Wangshu's architectural practice in calligraphy's way. Lastly this study furthered study of Wangshu's architecture combined with landscape paintings' features. The results state these following. 1) For calligraphy, he used the "modular composition" of Chinese characters to architectural composition, which included architectural form and materials. The "similarities" and "space creation" of calligraphy are respectively applied to architectural spatial details and site planning. 2) For landscape painting, Wangshu borrows its elements to compose his architecture with "gardening consciousness". The "view method" of paintings was used to his architectural pedestrian flows, and Wangshu also based on the "space creation" of landscape painting to do architectural space design with creating the similar atmosphere.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2015.11a
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• pp.101-102
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• 2015

Significant amount of bottom ash has been stored in the pond site of Hadong coal power plant located at southeast region of Korea. In order to address strong environmental regulation that is going to be enforced in the near future, it is necessary to consume waste bottom ash stored in the pond site in a sustainable manner. In this research, the chemical and mineral characteristics of various sized bottom ash samples from Hadong coal power plant were analyzed using XRF, XRD, and particle size analyzer. According to the experimental results, the chemical compositions of bottom ash was slightly changed in terms of Al and Fe content. As the size of the bottom ash increased, cristobalite was observed as a result of crystallization. The mineralogical composition and its size distribution of powder type bottom ash indicated that significant amount of fly ash is included together with small sized bottom ash.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.85-92
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• 2017

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are a new and yet constantly developing part of forest inventory studies and vegetation-monitoring fields. Covering large areas, their extensive usage has saved time and money for researchers and conservationists to survey vegetation for various data analyses. Post-processing imaging software has improved the effectiveness of UAVs further by providing 3D models for accurate visualization of the data. We focus on determining the coniferous tree coverage to show the current advantages and disadvantages of the orthorectified 2D and 3D models obtained from the image photogrammetry software, Pix4Dmapper Pro-Non-Commercial. We also examine the methodology used for mapping the study site, additionally investigating the spread of coniferous trees. The collected images were transformed into 2D black and white binary pixel images to calculate the coverage area of coniferous trees in the study site using MATLAB. The research was able to conclude that the 3D model was effective in perceiving the tree composition in the designated site, while the orthorectified 2D map is appropriate for the clear differentiation of coniferous and deciduous trees. In its conclusion, the paper will also be able to show how UAVs could be improved for future usability.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.39-48
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• 2018

The Agricultural Experimental Organizations[勸業模範場] in Suwon is Korea's first agricultural promotion facility. It was founded in 1906. This study aim to find the area and spatial composition of 勸業模範場. The results are as follows. When it founded, the Agricultural Experimental Organizations was operated centering on the main hall, and then since the pillage of national sovereignty in 1910, it was moved to the jurisdiction of the Japanese Government General of Korea and operated with the addition of the agricultural/forestry school. In 1913, the reductive egg production/distribution was moved from Yongsan branch to Suwon, and reductive egg producing site and female sericulture training office were installed in Suwon. It is supposed that at the time, the Agricultural Experimental Organizations was divided into the main hall-centered area, the Suwon agricultural/forestry school at the south side, and the reductive egg producing site and female sericulture training office even more down south. Since 1920, the agricultural/forestry school came out of the jurisdiction of the Agricultural Experimental Organizations, such that the Agricultural Experimental Organizations was left with only the main hall-centered area and the area with the reductive egg producing site and female sericulture training office. In this study, these two areas are referred to as 'the main hall area' and 'the sericulture area.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.365-375
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• 2005

For managing and utilizing a closed municipal solid waste landfill site in environmentally secure conditions, it is necessary to verify the stabilization level of landfill gas(LFG) and waste. For assessing LFG and waste stabilization of an open-dumping municipal solid waste landfill (Salmi Landfill) which is located at the vicinity of Chungju Reservoir which flows into Paldang Reservoir that has been used for Seoul Metropolitan water supplies, the history and the surrounding characteristics of the landfill site were surveyed. In this study, waste and LFG samples obtained from landfill site were physically and chemically analyzed, and then the analysis results were evaluated on the basis of 'The Criteria of Landfill Waste Stabilization(CLWS)' that were promulgated by Korean Ministry of Environment. Based on LFG composition of Salmi landfill, $CH_4$ was as high as 68%. In CLWS regulation, the stabilization criteria of $CH_4$ should be lower than 5%, and the criteria of C/N ratio should also be lower than 1/10. The result showed that C/N ratio of landfilled waste ranged 17.4~24.7. From this results, it was concluded that the LFG and C/N ratio stabilization level of this landfill based on the CLWS were still actively proceeding.