• 한국잠사곤충학회지
• /
• 제46권2호
• /
• pp.77-79
• /
• 2004

최근 잠상산물 추출물인 BF-7이 기억력과 학습력 개선에 크게 유용하다는 연구결과들이 보고되고 있다. 이를 바탕으로 본 연구는 과연 이 BF-7이 일반적인 학생들의 학습력 및 인지력 개선을 유도하는지 여부를 재확인하고자 하였다. 본 연구결과 3주 동안의 BF-7 복용(매일 400mg)으로, 평균 IQ 10 이상의 증가를 보였다. 이의 의학적 검증을 위하여, SPECT를 이용하여 두뇌의 인지기능과 학습력 등을 담당하는 부위의 혈류량 개선을 살펴봄으로써 이런 개선효과를 확인하고자 하였다. 그 결과 parahippocampal gyrus 와 medial temporal area부위 즉 학습 관련한 두뇌부위의 혈류량과 글루코오스 사용량이 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 BF-7의 복용은 효과적으로 두뇌의 활성을 유도하여, 인지기능과 기억력, 학습력 증진 효과를 갖는 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
• /
• 제20권3호
• /
• pp.122-128
• /
• 2009

Objectives : Autism is a well-known psychiatric disorder that is presumed to have a neural basis. To investigate the underlying neurofunctional abnormalities of autism, the authors performed single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) on children with autism. Methods : Fifty-five children with untreated autism (47 boys and 8 girls, mean age=$50.6{\pm}20.28$ months) were selected from among the patients visiting the child and adolescent psychiatric clinic of Seoul National University Hospital. Psychiatrists had diagnosed the participants according to the DSM-IV criteria for autistic disorder and the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) criteria for a diagnosis of autism. All participants were examined using 99mTC-HMPAO Brain SPECT. Using statistical parametric mapping (SPM) analysis, we compared the participants' SPECT images to standardized SPECT images of normal children, which had been retrospectively selected by the authors, on a voxel by voxel basis. Voxels with a p-value less than .001 were considered to be significantly different. Results : The autistic group showed significant hypoperfusion in the right medial frontal gyrus, right precentral gyrus, and left precuneus gyrus. In addition, they showed no significant hyperperfusion areas when compared to the control group. Conclusion : The findings of hypoperfusion in the medial-frontal lobe and precuneus are accord with hemodynamic abnormalities that have been already reported. Therefore, these findings are compatible with the recently suggested "theory of mind" hypothesis and the disturbances in attention shifting that have been observed in autistic children.

• 대한한방내과학회지
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.39-45
• /
• 2000

Object : SPECT which can visualize the distribution of CBF was operated to find the basic evidence by objective and scientific inspection on the fact that how the oriental medical treatment for stroke patients can effect CBF. Method : This study made 18 cases an object of research. These patients came to the Dongshin Univ. Oriental Medical Hospical within 5 days from the first attack, were diagnosed as stroke from Brain CT and MAl and were in the hospital for over 4 weeks at least. They were taken acupunture treatment, negative technique and herbal medication. And this study operated SPECT at the instance of admission and at the 4th week after admission 2 times and compared the change of CBF. Results : I operated SPECT on 18 CVA patients and got a result on the change of blood supplies in brain as follows; In the 2nd SPECT compared with 1st, out of the 1st and 2nd SPECT, there are 10 cases(55.6%) of increase and 8 cases (44.4%) of decrease. According to L/Cb11 evauation standard, the 1 st and the 2nd changes of blood supplies in SPECT shows decrese from $0.830{\pm}0.071$ to $0.801{\pm}0.067$. On the other hand, according to L/C standard shows a minute increase from $0.894{\pm}0.079$ to $0.895{\pm}0.091$. But there is nothing meaningful. I treated patients' group with risk factors and the other patients' group without risk factors and observed the changes of blood supplies respectively. And therefore Patients' group without risk factors shows an meaningful increase of blood supplies from $0.835{\pm}0.076$ to $0.796{\pm}0.069$ L/Cbll and also an increase from $0.921{\pm}0.029$ to $0.939{\pm}0.029$ by L/C. But this result by L/C is not significant. Conclusion : As mentioned above, I treated CVA patients through oriental medical therapies using SPECT and researched the changes of blood supplies in their brains. But I could' t get any meaningful result. However, I think only after solving some problems in this treatment and quantifing the changes of blood supplies, this results can be the standard of scientific examination about oriental medical treatments.

• 대한핵의학회지
• /
• 제25권1호
• /
• pp.37-45
• /
• 1991

Infarct size is a major determinant of prognosis after acute myocardial infarction. Up to date, however, clinically available tests to estimate this size have not been sufficiently accurate. Twelve lead electrocardiogram and wall motion abnormality measurement are not quantitative, and creatine phophokinase (CPK) measurement is inaccurate in the presence of reperfusion or right ventricular infarction. Methods have been developed to localize and size acute myocardial infarcts with agents that are selectively sequestered in areas of myocardial damage, but previously used agents have lacked sufficient specificity. Antibodies that bind specifically only to damaged myocardial cells may resolve this problem and provide an accurate method for noninvasively measuring infarct size. We determined the accuracy with which infarcted myocardial mass can be measured using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and radiolabeled antimyosin antibodies. Seven patients with acute myocardial infarction and one stable angina patient were injected with 2 mCi of Indium-111 labeled antimyosin antibodies. Planar image and SPECT was performed 24 hours later. None of the patients had history of prior infarcts, and none had undergone reperfusion techniques prior to the study, which was done within 4 days of the attack. Planar image showed all infarct patients to have postive uptakes in the cardiac region. The location of this uptake correlated to the infarct site as indicated by electrocardiography in most of the cases. The angina patient, however, showed no such abnormal uptake. Infarct size was determined from transverse slices of the SPECT image using a 45% threshold value obtained from a phantom study. Measured infarct size ranged from 40 to 192 gr. There was significant correlation between the infarct size measured by SPECT and that estimated from serial measurements of CPK (r=0.73, p<0.05). These date suggest that acute myocardial infarct size can be accurately measured from SPECT Indium-111 antimyosin imaging. This method may be especially valuable in situations where other methods are unreliable, such as early reperfusion technique, right ventricular infarct or presence of prior infarcts.

• 대한핵의학회지
• /
• 제23권2호
• /
• pp.155-163
• /
• 1989

Regional cerebral perfusion was evaluated in 15 normal controls by single photon emission computed tomography using $^{99m}Tc$ HM-PAO. For quantitative analysis, 13 pairs of homologous region of interest (ROI) were drawn on three transverse slices matching the vascular territories and cerebral cortices, and normal values of 3 semiqunatitative indices including 'Right to left ratio'(R/L ratio), 'Regional index'(RI), and 'Region to cerebellum ratio'(R/cbll ratio) were calculated. Mean values of R/L ratios of homotogous regions were ranged from 0.985 to 1.023, and mean ${\pm}2$ s.d. of all regions did not exceed 11% of mean. Significant difference of RIs (mean count per voxel of a ROI/mean count per voxel of total ROIs) between regions were found (p<0.001) with highest values in occipital cortex and cerebellum. After attenuation correction, RIs in deep gray, cranial portion of anterior cerebral artery and vascular territories in the 2nd slice increased significantly (p < 0.05-0.001), but vise versa in other ROIs. Region to cerebellum ratios also showed regional difference similar to RIs.

• 대한핵의학회지
• /
• 제31권3호
• /
• pp.310-319
• /
• 1997

본 연구는 정신분열병 환자의 치료후의 국소뇌혈류량의 변화 및 증상호전과의 관계를 알아보기 위하여 시행되었다. DSM-IV 진단기준에 의거한 총 11명의 정신분열병 환자를 대상으로 치료전과 치료 6주째에 $^{99m}Tc$-HMPAO 뇌 SPECT를 실시하였으며 동시에 PANSS를 사용하여 정신병리를 함께 평가하였다. 대상자들은 입원전 최소 2주간의 항정신병 약물 비복용기간을 거친 환자들이었으며 이중 3명은 과거 항정신병약물의 복용력이 없는 사람들이었다. 6주간의 약물 치료훼 환자들은 증상의 호전 정도에 따라 호전군과 비호전군으로 나누어졌으며 이들간의 뇌국소혈류지수를 비교하였다. 결과적으로 전두엽의 혈류지수는 양집단 모두에서 감소하였고 집단간의 차이는 없었다. 그러나 조측 측두엽의 혈류량은 호전군에서 유의하게 많이 감소하였고 또한 우측 측두엽의 혈류량의 감소량은 PANSS 총점의 감소량과 상관관계를 나타내었다. 이러한 결과는 정신분열병의 증상과 측두엽의 활동성간의 관계를 시사하는 소견이라고 하겠다.

• 대한핵의학회지
• /
• 제28권3호
• /
• pp.307-312
• /
• 1994

Interictal single photon emission computed tomography of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF SPECT) in 18 intractable temporal lobe epilepsy patients(8 male and 10 female patients: average 23.5 years old) were compared with 2.0 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). And surgical outcome was analysed with the findings, symptom duration and lateralization of temporal lobe. Preoperatively rCBF SPECT was done in all 18 patients with intravenous injection of 740 MBq 99mTc-HMPAO. MRI was also done preoperatively in 13 patients. Surgical outcome was classified by Engel's outcome classification(four-part classification recommended at the first Palm Desert conference). rCBF SPECT detected correctly lateralising abnormality of temporal lobe hypoperfusion in 13/18(72.2%), contralateral temporal lobe hypoperfusion in 2/18(11.1%) and showed no def-inite abnormality in 3/18(16.7%). The positive predictive value of unilateral temporal lobe hypoperfusion was 87%. MRI detected correct localising abnormality in 8/13(61.5%), such as hippocampal atrophy(7/13), asymmetric temporal horn(6/13), anterior temporal lobe atrophy(1/13), increased signal intensity from hippocampus(1/13) and calcific density(1/13), and no abnormal finding was noted in 5/13(38.5%). There was no false positive findings and the positive predictive value of MRI was 100%. Only 2 cases showed same lateralization findings in rCBF SPECT and MRI. There was no significant correlation between symptom duration and no abnormal findings on SPECT or MRI. Surgical outcome showed class I in 15/18(83.3%), and class II in 2/18(11.1%). One case of no abnormal finding in both SPECT and MRI showed class III surgical outcome. No class IV surgical outcome was noted. Surgical outcome, lateralization of epileptic focus in temporal lobe and abnormal findings in rCBR SPECT or MRI were not significantly correlated.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
• /
• 제3권1호
• /
• pp.46-55
• /
• 1992

발달성언어장애는 학령기 아동에서 약 $3{\sim}10%의$ 높은 빈도로 발견이 되며 그대로 방치할 경우 열등감, 좌절감, 우울증 등의 정서적인 문제를 일으키며 이차적인 학습장애를 동반한다. 이러한 발달성언어장애의 원인으로서는 사회환경적인 영향, 언어발달시기에 생긴 전도성청음장애로 인한 청각자극의 결핍, 유전적인 영향, 국소적인 뇌의 손상 등 때문으로 주장되지만 아직까지 정확한 기전은 밝혀지지 않고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 뇌전산화단층촬영이나 뇌파검사 등에는 나타나지 않는 국소적인 기질적인 병변이 존재하기 때문이라는 가설을 세우고, 뇌의 기능적인 이상을 알 수 있는 '단일광자방출전산화단층촬영'을 시행한 결과, 61.9%(26/42)에서 혈류의 감소가 있음을 발견하였다. 이상소견이 발견된 뇌의 부위가운데에서 대뇌피질이 47.6%(20/42)로서 가장 많았고, 그 다음으로는 시상부위가 33.3%(14/42)로 많았다. 이러한 결과로 미루어 볼 때 발달성언어장애가 뇌혈류의 이상소견과 관련된 뇌기능장애와 관련되어 나타날 가능성이 있음을 알 수 있었다. 향후 동일한 대상 환아군들을 추적 조사하여 증상이 호전된 후에 다시 단일광자방출전산화단층촬영을 실시하여 본 연구결과와 비교연구를 시행한다면 보다 정확한 원인 규명이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
• /
• 제27권1호
• /
• pp.64-71
• /
• 2016

Objectives: The objective of this study was to examine the effects of osmotic-controlled release oral delivery system methylphenidate on changes in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Methods: A total of 26 children with ADHD (21 boys, mean age: $9.2{\pm}2.05$ years old) were recruited. Each ADHD participant was examined for changes in rCBF using technetium-99m-hexamethylpropylene amine oxime brain SPECT before and after 8 weeks methylphenidate medication. Brain SPECT images of pediatric normal controls were selected retrospectively. SPECT images of ADHD children taken before medication were compared with those of pediatric normal controls and those taken after medication using statistical parametric mapping analysis on a voxel-wise basis. Results: Before methylphenidate medication, significantly decreased rCBF in the cerebellum and increased rCBF in the right precuneus, left anterior cingulate, right postcentral gyrus, right inferior parietal lobule and right precentral gyrus were observed in ADHD children compared to pediatric normal controls (p-value<.0005, uncorrected). After medication, we observed significant hypoperfusion in the left thalamus and left cerebellum compared to pediatric normal controls (p-value<.0005, uncorrected). In the comparison between before medication and after medication, there was significant hyperperfusion in the superior frontal gyrus and middle frontal gyrus and significant hypoperfusion in the right insula, right caudate, right middle frontal gyrus, left subcallosal gyrus, left claustrum, and left superior temporal gyrus after methylphenidate medication (p-value<.0005, uncorrected). Conclusion: This study supports dysfunctions of fronto-striatal structures and cerebellum in ADHD. We suggest that methylphenidate may have some effects on the frontal lobe, parietal lobe, and cerebellum in children with ADHD.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• 제67권4호
• /
• pp.442-450
• /
• 2024

Objective : Cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome (CHS) manifests as a collection of symptoms brought on by heightened focal cerebral blood flow (CBF), afflicting nearly 30% of patients who have undergone superficial temporal artery (STA)-middle cerebral artery (MCA) anastomosis. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the amalgamation of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) imaging via MRI can discern cerebral hyperemia after STA-MCA anastomosis surgery. Methods : A retrospective study was performed of patients who underwent STA-MCA anastomosis due to Moyamoya disease or atherosclerotic steno-occlusive disease. A protocol aimed at preventing CHS was instituted, leveraging the use of MRI FLAIR. Patients underwent MRI diffusion with FLAIR imaging 24 hours after STA-MCA anastomosis. A high signal on FLAIR images signified the presence of hyperemia at the bypass site, triggering a protocol of hyperemia care. All patients underwent hemodynamic evaluations, including perfusion MRI, single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and digital subtraction angiography, both before and after the surgery. If a high signal intensity is observed on MRI FLAIR within 24 hours of the surgery, a repeat MRI is performed to confirm the presence of hyperemia. Patients with confirmed hyperemia are managed according to a protocol aimed at preventing further progression. Results : Out of a total of 162 patients, 24 individuals (comprising 16 women and 8 men) exhibited hyperemia on their MRI FLAIR scans following the procedure. SPECT was conducted on 23 patients, and 11 of them yielded positive results. All 24 patients underwent perfusion MRI, but nine of them showed no significant findings. Among the patients, 10 displayed elevations in both CBF and cerebral blood volume (CBV), three only showed elevation in CBF, and two only showed elevation in CBV. Follow-up MRI FLAIR scans conducted 6 months later on these patients revealed complete normalization of the previously observed high signal intensity, with no evidence of ischemic injury. Conclusion : The study determined that the use of MRI FLAIR and ADC mapping is a competent means of early detection of hyperemia after STA-MCA anastomosis surgery. The protocol established can be adopted by other neurosurgical institutions to enhance patient outcomes and mitigate the hazard of permanent cerebral injury caused by cerebral hyperemia.