• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.166-178
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• 1993

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of methylphenidate on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and the comorbidity of the disorder, using child attention problem checklist to 56 (male: 38, female: 18) patients from, March 992 to February 1993. The results were as follows: Among 56 subjects, ADHD alone were 20 (335.71%) subjects, and with one additional diagnosis were 31 (55.35%) subjects and with two additional diagnosis were 5 (8.93%) subjects. There was significant improvement on symptoms in the scores rated by teachers in 7th and 28th day after menthlphenidate administration compared to baseline score (P<0.05) and 28th day score showed significant improvement compared to 7th day score (P<0.05) and 28th day score showed significant improvement compared to 7th day score (P<0.05). There was significant improvement on symptoms in the scores rated by parents in 28th day after methylphenidate administration improvement compared with 7th day score. In single administration of methylphenidate in Sunday morning score compared to afternoon score (P<0.05). In the administration of significant improvement on symptoms compared with the Sunday morning rating score of parents (P<0.05) and the 28th day comparison was also showed significant improvement on symptoms in the scores rated by teachers compared with the scores rated by parents on symptoms (P<0.05). Among group comparison, all groups showed significant improvements (P<0.05) except conduct disorder & oppositional defiant group.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.206-223
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to discuss the nature of pregnancy experience among unwed Korean mothers and to figure out what it meant for them, by asking some of them to reflect on themselves in a written form from interpretative and phenomenological perspective, based on van Manen's research method of the same approach. The subjects in this study were seven unmarried mothers in Korea. The data were collected from July through December 2000 through in- depth interview and observation. The statements of the participants were taped, recorded, analyzed and select essential themes. To have a phenomenological understanding of the pregnancy unmarried mothers, literary works, including essays and novels, were reviewed. The findings of this study were as below: The selected substantial themes about the pregnancy and birth experiences of the single mothers included 'hatred for boy friend,' 'hatred for the fetus,' and 'hatred for myself.' The unmarried mothers met their boy friends through the introduction of friends. At first, they were good friends, but they soon went on a date and had sexual relation with no common knowledge about sex. Most of them were aware of their pregnancy after they felt fetal movement, but they put off taking the test because they didn't want to accept the fact and feared it. Such an attitude was rare among married pregnant women, and being pregnant with no prior preparation or sexual knowledge is not common in Western countries. They felt guilty and informed their boy friends of the fact, but the boy friends didn't admit their responsibility and rejected the babies. This made the poor girls hate them, and it turned into severe abhorrence. They thought their lives were ruined by the babies, and wished they would disappear. They reproached the babies, hitting their own bellies or making a kick. They considered themselves to be abandoned and didn't want to live any more. Giving themselves up to despair, some attempted to commit a suicide. They hoped to die, thinking their death would solve the problem. When they lost a chance of abortion and were about to have the babies adopted, they felt sorry for them. The unwanted pregnancy gave them a pain, but they keenly felt they were loved by their mothers, and learned the value of family. It's attempted in this study to clearly show how much unmarried Korean mothers suffered from pregnancy, and this effort paved the way for seeing unwed mothers in a new light and having a better understanding of them, instead of sticking to general perception.

• The Journal of Korean Society of Virology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.161-168
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• 1997

The present study was designed to estimate the seroprevalence of NLVs among diarrheagenic children and in healthy adults in Seoul and its vicinity with the use of an EIA and an Western blot (WB) based on recombinant Norwalk virus capsid protein (rNV) and crude virus preparations as antigen. Seroconversion was observed in 34 (83%) of 41 tested using the EIA and in 21 (54%) of 39 using the WB, suggesting that the NLVs with epitopes common to rNV are prevalent in Seoul area. Diarrheal children who were known to have been infected with several other strains of the NLVs showed no significant antibody response to the rNV. Infection with rNV occurred earlier in life: primary infections with rNV were common before the age of 6 months and over 91 % of children had evidence of infection by that age by the EIA. Since the amount of the NLV antigens available for seroepidemiologic surveys is limited, we tried to detect NLV antibody by using crude virus preparations as antigen. One crude virus preparation of a child whose stool yielded genetically distinct NLV revealed the presence of the plural number of bands upon SDS-PAGE, but precipitated only one band (62 kDa) after the WB with a serum (collected 10 days after the onset of symptoms) of another diarrheal child. The WB assay we present in this report revealed that the NLVs are prevalent among Korean population and that the sera contained antibody to a single major structural protein, with molecular sizes of 58 to 62 kDa, compatible with the sizes reported for the Norwalk virus and Snow Mountain agent proteins, respectively. When the results of the WB were compared with those obtained by the EIA, the EIA antibody assay was sensitive enough to detect an antibody rise of as much as 4096-fold but not as specific as the WB. The WB assay presented in this paper will provide a powerful tool to elucidate not only antigenic structures of the NL Vs but also seroepidemiology of the NLV infection. The availability of an unlimited source of antigen will enable a large scale serologic studies that will greatly increase our understanding of the role of NLVs in human enteric illness.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.1-20
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• 2011

This study investigated the relationships among mother's adult attachment, psychological well-being and affection parenting in low-income class and middle income class The subjects were 339 mothers who reared 3-5 old age child in Daegu and Gyoungbuk Province. The collected data were analyzed by t-test, Pearson's correlation, single and hierachical multiple regression, using SPSS Win 15.0. The results were as follows. (1) Adult attachment fully exerted indirect effects on affection parenting mediated by psychological well-being in low income class of mothers. (2) But adult attachment partly exerted indirect effects on affection parenting mediated by psychological well-being in middle income class of mothers.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.3229-3235
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• 2013

Background: Many breast cancers are caused by certain rare and familial mutations in the high or moderate penetrance genes BRCA1, BRCA2 and CHEK2. The aim of this study was to examine the allele and genotype frequencies of seven mutations in BRCA1, BRCA2 and CHEK2 genes in breast cancer patients and to investigate their isolated and combined associations with breast cancer risk. Methods: We genotyped seven mutations in BRCA1, BRCA2 and CHEK2 genes and then analyzed single variations and haplotype associations in 106 breast cancer patients and 80 healthy controls. Results: We found significant associations in the analyses of CHEK2- 1100delC (p=0.001) and BRCA1-5382insC (p=0.021) mutations in breast cancer patients compared to controls. The highest risk was observed among breast cancer patients carrying both CHEK2-1100delC and BRCA2- Met784Val mutations (OR=0.093; 95%CI 0.021-0.423; p=0.001). We identified one previously undescribed BRCA2 and a CHEK2 four-marker haplotype of A-C-G-C which was overrepresented ($X^2$=7.655; p=0.0057) in the patient group compared to controls. Conclusion: In this study, we identified a previously undescribed BRCA2 and CHEK2 A-C-G-C haplotype in association with the breast cancer in our population. Our results further suggest that the CHEK2-1100delC mutation in combination with BRCA2-Met784Val may lead to an unexpected high risk which needs to be confirmed in larger cohorts in order to better understand their role in the development and prognosis of breast cancer.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.75-89
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to explore whether the phenomenon of both married and unmarried adults' cohabiting with their parents in Korean society is "unilaterally parasitic" on the child's side, or is "interdependent", characterized by expectation and dependence from the parent's side. As a result of this study possessing the characteristics of theoretic research, the following propensities of parent-dependent adults have been discussed. First of all, it was discovered that the ratio of adult children dependent on and cohabiting with their parents is considerable. Second, parents cohabiting with their adult children have unfavorable sociological features, such as high age, low level of education and income, and lower standards of education and income, compared to parents in normal households. Third, it was found that parent-dependent adults in Korean society maintain a relatively high rate of financial activity and stable employment-based occupation status. Fourth, it was shown that the level of satisfaction on the relationship between parent-dependent adults and their parents was discovered to be high, which is contrastive to the prediction of negative results based on some previous researches. Single adult children's age, their level of education and financial activity status, and their parents' age and level of education were deducted as variables related to the level of satisfaction of the relationship between parents and their children. It seems that the issue of married and unmarried adults' cohabiting with their parents in Korean society should be approached from various perspectives such as political, economic, socio-cultural and developmental aspects. On the basis of this fundamental awareness and several of the materials, it is pertinent that approaches to both married and unmarried adults' cohabiting with parents in Korean society should be distinguished from approaches to those in Japanese or Western society because it reflects the uniqueness of Korean society. In the phenomenon of married and unmarried adults' cohabiting with their parents in Korean society, there are several factors besides the economic factor, especially the socio-cultural factor that have the characteristics of mutual dependence between parents and their children rather than those of unilateral parasitism, in contrast with the phenomenon in Japanese or Western society. This research was aimed to contribute by establishing basic data for policy making by providing necessary information to treat the issues of instability and anxiety related to families and reflection on the matters of generations and parent-child relationships in current Korean society.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.287-293
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• 2011

Objectives : The region of chromosome 5p14 is known to be associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The cadherin9 (CDH9) and cadherin10 (CDH10) genes are located in the region of chromosome 5p14 and reported to be associated with ASD in the Caucasian population. We performed an association study to identify if single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located on the CDH9 and CDH10 genes are associated in the Korean population. Methods : Genomic DNA was extracted from the blood of 214 patients with ASD and 258 controls. SNPs selected from two genes were genotyped using an Illumina Golden-Gate Genotyping assay with VeraCode technology. Statistical analysis was performed using SAS and Plink software. Results : All controls and ASD patients were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. In the results of logistic regression analyses for the genotype model and the chi-square test for the allele model, we found that SNPs on the CDH9 and CDH10 genes were not associated with ASD. Conclusion : Our data suggests that the CDH9 and CDH10 genes are not associated with ASD in the Korean population.

• Journal of the Korean Child Neurology Society
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.189-196
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• 2018

Purpose: Floppy infants or congenital hypotonia indicates decreased muscle tone in infants secondary to abnormalities of the central or the peripheral nervous system, or both. Previous literature classified its causes as those attributable to a central vs. peripheral origin; however, recent studies have introduced a newer classification describing a combined origin. We invenstigated floppy infants by applying the new etiological classification and reviewed the most common etiologies based on the age of presentation. We additionally reviewed the clinical characteristics, diagnoses, and the developmental outcomes in these infants. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the electronic medical charts and recruited 116 infants diagnosed with floppy infant syndrome between January 2005 and December 2016 at Severance Children's Hospital. Among these infants, 66 with a confirmed diagnosis were reviewed for the etiological classification. Information regarding developmental outcomes was obtained via phone interviews with the infants' families. Results: Based on the new etiological classification, among 69 infants with a confirmed diagnosis, in 40 (34.5%) this syndrome was of central origin, in 19 (16.4%) of peripheral origin, and in 10 (8.6%) of combined origin. Prader-Willi syndrome, myotonic dystrophy, and spinal muscular atrophy were the most common disorders observed and combined hypotonia showed the poorest developmental outcome. Conclusion: The study states the importance of proper evaluation of etiological diagnosis and optimal intervention for developmental prognosis. The introduction of a new etiological group of combined hypotonia especially emphasizes regular monitoring and timely rehabilitative intervention in patients for the better quality of life in them as well as their caregivers.

• Journal of the Korean Child Neurology Society
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.233-239
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• 2018

Purpose: Viral gastroenteritis is a common disease in infants and children. Seizures can be associated with viral gastroenteritis as benign convulsions with mild gastroenteritis (CwG). After the development of the rotavirus vaccination, norovirus has become inreasingly significant in children. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical features in a pediatric population presenting with seizures and confirmed enteral viral infections, especially norovirus infections. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of pediatric patients aged <15 years admitted due to convulsions and gastroenteritis to the Department of Pediatrics of Myongji Hospital between July 2014 and June 2016. Results: A total of 46 patients (24 male and 22 female) were included. Norovirus was detected in 21 (45.7%) patients, adenovirus in three (6.5%), rotavirus in two (4.3%), astrovirus in one (2.2%), and none of agents were detected in 19 (41.3%) patients. Patients in the norovirus gastroenteritis (NGE) group had a higher incidence of diarrhea than that among in the non-norovirus gastroenteritis (NNGE) group (61.9% vs 28.0%; P<0.05). Twelve patients experienced status epilepticus, including five (23.8%) in the NGE group and seven (33.0%) in the NNGE group (P=0.837). Seizures were effectively terminated by intravenous benzodiazepines in 8 (66.7%) of 12 patients. Additional long-acting antiepileptic drugs such as fosphenytoin or levetiracetam were required in three (25%) of 12 patients. Conclusion: Patients with CwG with and without noroviurs infection did not differ in terms of clinical features. However, status epilepticus was not uncommon among patients with CwG by definition.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.77-90
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• 2021

This study is to develop a Korean version of nonword intervention by modifying and supplementing a Rapid syllable transition treatment (ReST) and to determine its effect by applying it to children with CAS. Ultimately, the purpose of this study is to investigate whether nonword interventions are effective for nonword production ability and generalization of real words. Single-subject research using the ABA design was performed for a child aged five years and six months with diagnostic features of CAS. The nonwords used in the interventions were made suitable for the individual child. The intervention was provided in one-hour sessions, twice a week for six weeks. In all cases, performance of the treated three-syllable nonwords improved, and untreated three-syllable words, four-syllable words, and nonwords showed a generalization effect. However, the generalization of treatment effects to words was smaller than for nonwords. The nonword intervention was effective in improving the subject's speech motor programming skills. As a result, transition errors due to impaired speech motor programming were greatly reduced, and the ability to produce untreated nonwords was greatly increased. However, there was a limit to the full improvement of strongly habitable word errors, which would be expected if a more intensive and repetitive intervention schedule was provided.