• ETRI Journal
• /
• 제17권4호
• /
• pp.1-12
• /
• 1996

A novel body-tied silicon-on-insulator(SOI) n-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor with grounded body electrode named GBSOI nMOSFET has been developed by wafer bonding and etch-back technology. It has no floating body effect such as kink phenomena on the drain current curves, single-transistor latch and drain current overshoot inherent in a normal SOI device with floating body. We have characterized the interface trap density, kink phenomena on the drain current ($I_{DS}-V_{DS}$) curves, substrate resistance effect on the $I_{DS}-V_{DS}$ curves, subthreshold current characteristics and single transistor latch of these transistors. We have confirmed that the GBSOI structure is suitable for high-speed and low-voltage VLSI circuits.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
• /
• 제3권2호
• /
• pp.15-22
• /
• 2000

Shock and vibration characteristics of a tractor-trailer type vehicle system with air suspension and air coupler running on a single bump road are investigated. The vehicle system is modelled and solved to two types of models, i.e. rigid-multi-body and flexible-multi-body model, by ADAMS and NASTRAN software. And the shock impulse is given by a single bump model on the road. When the analysis results of the rigid-multi-body model is compared with those of the flexible-multi-body model, it is revealed that the vibration and accelerations of the latter model are more repetitive and larger than the former.

• Mycobiology
• /
• 제34권4호
• /
• pp.196-199
• /
• 2006

Effects of various preservation periods and subcultures on fruiting body formation of Cordyceps militaris were investigated using EFCC C-10995 single ascospore strains. Fruiting body formation by original strains was profuse when preserved at $4^{\circ}C$ for $5{\sim}6$ months. Fruiting from subcultures was stable till second to sixth subcultures, after which it decreased sharply. The more the colony color of subcultures changed, the less the fruiting bodies formed. Liquid inoculum preparation of single ascospore strains in the same or separate broths did not affect fruiting body formation. Similarly, two strains C-10995-3 and C-10995-6 in different numbers during liquid inoculum preparation produced similar fruiting bodies.

• 한국컴퓨터그래픽스학회논문지
• /
• 제27권3호
• /
• pp.13-23
• /
• 2021

본 논문에서는 단일 강체 모델(single rigid body)의 무게 중심(center of mass) 좌표계와 발의 위치를 활용하여 캐릭터의 동작을 생성하는 프레임워크를 제안한다. 이 프레임워크를 사용하면 기존의 전신 동작(full body)에 대한 정보를 사용할 때 보다 입력 상태 벡터(input state)의 차원을 줄임으로써 강화 학습의 속도를 개선할 수 있다. 또한 기존의 방법보다 학습 속도를 약 2 시간(약 68% 감소) 감소시켰음에도 기존의 방법 대비 최대 7.5배(약 1500 N)의 외력을 더 견딜 수 있는 더욱 견고한(robust) 모션을 생성할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 이를 위해 무게 중심의 다음 좌표계를 구하기 위해 중심 역학(centroidal dynamics)을 활용하였고, 이에 필요한 매개 변수(parameter)들과 다음 발의 위치와 접촉력 계산에 필요한 매개 변수들을 구하는 정책(policy)의 학습을 심층 강화 학습(deep reinforcement learning)을 사용하여 구현하였다.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
• /
• 제21권4호
• /
• pp.331-335
• /
• 2006

The single dose toxicity of Buxus microphylla var koreana Nakai was evaluated in ICR mice. Twenty five mice of each sex were randomly assigned to five groups of 5 mice each and were administered singly by gavage at dose of 0, 222, 667, 2,000 and 5,000 mg/kg body weight. After single administration, signs of toxicity were observed every hour for the first 6 hours and every day for 14 days. At the end of 14-day observation period, all animals were sacrificed for gross postmortem examinations. Neither significant toxic signs nor death was observed during the observation period. In addition, no pathological changes were noticed in macroscopic examination at necropsy. These results indicate that the single oral administration of Buxus microphylla var. Koreana Nakai did not cause any toxic effect at the dose of 5,000 mg/kg body weight for both sexes and $LD_{50}$ of Buxus microphylla var. koreana Nakai is greater than 5,000 mg/kg body weight.

• 한국운동역학회지
• /
• 제24권2호
• /
• pp.111-119
• /
• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of localized muscle fatigue and whole body fatigue on postural control during single-leg stance after impairment induced by heel raise and the Harvard step test. Thirty-eight university students (19 men: age, $20.1{\pm}0.2$ yrs; height, $175.0{\pm}5.23cm$; weight, $66.8{\pm}5.6kg$; body mass index, $21.8{\pm}1.7kg/m^2$, 19 women: age, $20.6{\pm}1.1yrs$ ; height, $163.6{\pm}6.7cm$; weight, $58.8{\pm}4.6kg$; body mass index, $22.0{\pm}2.2kg/m^2$) were participated in this study. Subjects performed a series of single-leg postural tasks prior to, following, and 24 hours after completing: heel raise or the Harvard step test. This study showed that the root mean squared distance and velocity in the anteroposterior and mediolateral planes of the center of pressure decreased significantly due to heel raise exercise-induced fatigue. Furthermore, the root mean squared distance in the anteroposterior and mediolateral planes, and the 95% confidence ellipse area of the center of pressure also decreased significantly 24 hours after completing the Harvard step test. In conclusion, this study showed that both heel raise exercise- and Harvard step exercise-induced fatigue affects postural control during single-leg stance in AP and ML planes. Furthermore, this study suggests that changes in the postural control strategy may have occurred after the fatigue protocols during single-leg stance. Also vision can attenuate the postural deficits associated with the fatigues. In order to clarify these results, further studies using other equipment and variables are necessary.

• 대한수의학회지
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.1-5
• /
• 1972

In oder to investigate the effects of cobalt-60 gamma ray irradiation on the body gains of rabbits aging approximately 50-day-old rabbits were subjected to single whole-body gamma irradiation externally. The results obtained were as follows: 1. There were significant differences of the body gains between control and treated groups except the 100 rads gamma-rays exposure group. 2. There were no differences in body gains between male and female rabbits. 3. Generally, the relation between gamma irradiated doses and the growth rates of rabbits were inversly proportional. 4. The $LD_{50}$ of the rabbits was 600 rads in case of single external whole-body gamma irradiation.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• 제26권1호
• /
• pp.53-59
• /
• 2010

This study was conducted to obtain acute information of the oral dose toxicity of DHU001, a polyherbal formula in male and female mice. In order to calculated 50% lethal dose ($LD_{50}$) and approximate lethal dose (LD), test material was once orally administered to male and female ICR mice at dose levels of 2000, 1000, 500, 250 and 0 (vehicle control) ml/kg (body weight). The mortality and changes on body weight, clinical signs, gross observation, organ weight and histopathology of principle organs were monitored 14 days after treatment with DHU001. We could not find any mortalities, DHU001 treatment-related clinical signs, changes on the body and organ weights, gross and histopathological findings. The results obtained in this study suggest that $LD_{50}$ and approximate LD in mice after single oral dose of DHU001 were considered over 2000 mg/kg in both female and male mice.

• 한국동물생명공학회지
• /
• 제36권3호
• /
• pp.129-136
• /
• 2021

This study identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that affect the body weight of chickens. Analysis of body weight showed that the Cornish breed had the highest body weight, and the Korean native chicken (Gray Brown) had the lowest body weight. TSH is composed of an α-subunit and a β-subunit, and the TSH-β gene encoding the β-subunit has been reported to be associated with obesity. In chickens, it is located on chromosome 26 and is reported to be associated with growth. The calcium-sensing receptor gene (CaSR) plays a role in the regulation of extracellular calcium homeostasis and is responsible for calcium absorption in the urinary tract, which affects the eggshell quality in poultry. It was shown that TSH-β was strongly correlated with weight in Cornish and Korean native (Gray Brown) chickens, particularly in those with the CC trait. However, CaSR showed no association with body weight in poultry; it was associated with calcium and the eggshell. Thus, selection for TSH-β can be used to produce individuals with more favorable traits in terms of body weight.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• 제28권2호
• /
• pp.99-102
• /
• 2012

Bee venom (Apis mellifera L. BV) has been used as a cosmetic ingredient for anti-ageing, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial functions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the acute toxicity after a single dermal administration of BV, BV was administered to 2 groups of Sprague-Dawley (SD) male and female rats (5 animals/group) at doses of 0 and 1,500 mg/kg body weight (BW). Mortality, clinical signs, body weight changes and gross findings were continually monitored for 15 days following the single dose. There were no unscheduled deaths in any groups during the study period. No BV related clinical signs and body weight changes were observed in any groups during the study period. There were no abnormal gross findings at necropsy on day 15 after the treatment. On the basis of the above results, it was concluded that there were no treatment-related effect on mortality, clinical signs, body weight changes and gross findings in SD rats treated with a single dermal dose of BV at dose of 1,500 mg/kg BW. Therefore, the approximate lethal dose of BV was considered to be over 1,500 mg/kg/day for both sexes of rats. BV may provide a developmental basis for a cosmetic ingredient or external application for topical uses.