• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.18-25
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• 2020

In the fifth generation (5G) and beyond 5G (B5G) mobile communication, non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) has attracted great attention due to higher spectral efficiency and massive connectivity. We investigate the impacts of the channel estimation errors on the bit-error rate (BER) of NOMA, especially with the single-user decoding (SUD) receiver, which does not perform successive interference cancellation (SIC), in contrast to the conventional SIC NOMA scheme. First, an analytical expression of the BER for SUD NOMA with channel estimation errors is derived. Then, it is demonstrated that the BER performance degrades severely up to the power allocation less than about 20%. Additionally, we show that for the fixed power allocation of 10% in such power allocation range, the signal-to-noise (SNR) loss owing to channel estimation errors is about 5 dB. As a consequence, the channel estimation error should be considered for the design of the SUD NOMA scheme.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.100-108
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• 1999

This paper reviews some methods on evaluating the impacts of low input farming on profitability, environments and human health. Measuring diverse effects of low input farming on the environmental economic aspects of agriculture poses a challenge because of difficulty in placing the objective value judgement on those impacts. This Study attempts to identify the individual attributes of low input agriculture and to examine the method of consturcting a simple index after assessing its marketed or non-marketed values in numerical terms. Validity of integrating socio-economic value of low input agriculture, which might be measured by multiple criteria approach, into a single index can be criticized. However, it might be meaningful in that this study suggest the guidance for how to assess the environmental and economic value of low input agriculture by single criteria and the possibility of overcoming the controversial subjectivity in weighing the different impact criteria.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.117-126
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• 1991

Silicon single crystal is the most frequently used materials for the semiconductor device fabrication, The crystal growth techniques have been steadily improving for achieving a greater degree of crystal perfection and large ingot size. This report present the advantages, disadvantages and technical problems of the various crystal pulling technique briefly on the economic impact of productivity. Also, future directions of the pulling technique and process including the economical and quantitative aspects are deal with.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2015.11a
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• pp.51-52
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• 2015

In this study, the concrete in which the hybrid fiber with different volume and rate was intermixed in high fluidity concrete. However, Fiber Ball is frequently caused by the decrease in the dispersion of the fiber. The research has been conducted primarily study of single fiber or hybrid fiber, such as different length of single fiber. Therefore, we investigate the mechanical properties of concrete was mixed with a combination of various fibers been produced domestically. Its purpose being to provide basic data for evaluating the impact hybrid fibers on the fluidity of concrete.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.861-868
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• 2018

Recent occurrences of earthquakes in Korea have increased the importance of considering how horizontal loads affect foundation structures as a result of wind and dynamic impact. However, to date, there are few studies on tunnelling-induced behaviour of ground and pile structures simultaneously subjected to horizontal and vertical loads. In this research, therefore, the behaviour of ground and single piles due to tunnelling were investigated through a laboratory model test. Three cases of horizontal loads were applied to the top of the pile. In addition, a numerical analysis was carried out to analyse and compare with the results from the laboratory model test.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.193-201
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• 2020

The main objective of this study is to investigate the impact of additional modalities on the performance of emotion recognition using speech, facial expression and physiological measurements. In order to compare different approaches, we designed a feature-based recognition system as a benchmark which carries out linear supervised classification followed by the leave-one-out cross-validation. For the classification of four emotions, it turned out that bimodal fusion in our experiment improves recognition accuracy of unimodal approach, while the performance of trimodal fusion varies strongly depending on the individual. Furthermore, we experienced extremely high disparity between single class recognition rates, while we could not observe a best performing single modality in our experiment. Based on these observations, we developed a novel fusion method, called parametric decision fusion (PDF), which lies in building emotion-specific classifiers and exploits advantage of a parametrized decision process. By using the PDF scheme we achieved 16% improvement in accuracy of subject-dependent recognition and 10% for subject-independent recognition compared to the best unimodal results.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.191-195
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• 2003

The impact of antibiotic (Norfloxacin) administration ,at different concentration (50 ppm and 100 ppm) on commercial characters of bivoltine $({CSR_2}{\times}{CR_4})$ and the cross breed race $({BL_67}{\times}{CSR_101})$ was studied. The result indicated that antibiotic administration with different concentrations significantly improved the rearing and cocoon parameters like larval duration, larval weight, growth index, single cocoon weight, single shell weight and shell ratio. The post cocoon parameters like average filament length, non-breakable filament length, raw silk percentage, raw silk recovery percentage, denier, reelability and neatness were recorded significantly higher in antibiotic treated batches. The better performances of these parameters were recorded with the increase of antibiotic concentration.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.2199-2203
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• 2016

One of the most common cancer types faced by the women around the world is breast cancer. Among the several low, moderate and high penetrance genes conferring susceptibility to breast cancer, PTEN is one which is known to be mutated in many tumor types. In this study, we predicted and analyzed the impact of three deleterious coding non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms rs121909218 (G129E), rs121909229 (R130Q) and rs57374291 (D107N) in the PTEN gene on the phenotype of breast tumors using computational tools SIFT, Polyphen-2, PROVEAN, MUPro, POPMusic and the GETAREA server.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.28-34
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• 2004

One of the major problem encountered in nuclear plants and satellites design isEMI (Electro-Magnetic Interference) and EMC (Electro-Magnetic Compatibility).Here, our focus is to implement the test board for checking SEU (Single EventUpsets); the effects of protons on the electronic system. The SEU results from thelevel change of stored information due to photon radiation and temperature in thespace environment. The impact of SEU on PLD (Programmable Logic Devices)technology is most apparent in ROM/SRAM/DRAM devices wherein the state ofstorage cell can be upset. In this paper, a simple and powerful test techniques issuggested, and the results are presented for the analysis and future reference. In ourexperiment, the proton radiation facilitv (having the energy of 50 MeV with a beamcurrent of 60 uA of cyclotron) available at KIRAMS (Korea Institute of RadiologicalMedical Sciences) has been applied on a commercially available SRAM manufacturedby Hynix Semiconductor Company.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.219-237
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• 2011

This paper presents novel research into the source localization of multiple impacts. Source localization technology for single impact loads in a plate structure has been used for health monitoring. Most of research on source localization has been focused only on the localization of single impacts. Overlapping of dispersive waves induced by multiple impacts and reflection of those waves from the edge of the plate make it difficult to localize the sources of multiple impacts using traditional source localization technology. The method solving the overlapping problem and the reflection problem is presented in the paper. The suggested method is based on pre-signal processing technology using band pass filter and optimal filter. Results from numerical simulation and from experimentation are presented, and these verify the capability of the proposed method.