• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2005년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.215-218
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• 2005

We applied the density-surfactant-motivated method to the removal of DNAPL within a rough-walled single fracture. Observations are made to compare the DNAPL residual distribution before and after the flushing of surfactant-enhanced solution or water flushing. Results show that density-motivated method with surfactant-enhanced solution effectively removed DNAPL in a single fracture.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2005년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.68-71
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• 2005

We conducted simple experiments to consider the influence of nonlinear groundwater flow on Trichloroethylene (TCE) as Dense Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid (DNAPL) migration in a rough walled single fracture. A glass replica of a granite sample containing a rough single fracture was made and experiments were conducted over a range of Re. Observations are compared to the results of TCE migration tests that were conducted in two parallel glass plates over the same range of Re. Results show nonlinear groundwater flow in a single fracture affect TCE migration path and residual saturation of TCE.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.449-458
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• 2001

단일절리에서 2상유체의 거동을 모의하기 위해 개발된 수치모형의 검증을 위해서 상대투과계수 특성식을 수치모형에 적용하여 가스와 물의 동시거동을 해석한 후, 수치모의 결과를 모형실험결과와 비교하였다. 절리면의 거칠기와 간극의 크기에 댸한 민감도 분석을 실시한 결과, 가스의 이동속도는 절리면의 거칠기와 반비례하였으며, 절리간극의 크기와는 상대투과계수 특성식의 영향으로 단상유체의 흐름에서와 같은 간극크기의 제곱에 비례하는 향상은 보이지 않았다. 수치모형의 현장적용성을 검토하기 위해서 지하 LPG 저장기지에 모형을 적용한 결과, 저장공동에 인접한 단일절리에서의 운영압의 동적변동에 따른 지하수와 프로판가스의 동시거동을 모사할 수 있었다. 절리면이 매끈하고 간극이 작아질수록 운영압과 지하수압의 조절로는 누출된 가스의 이동제어가 불가능해지는 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.281-286
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• 2012

Single frame structures with notches were fractured by applying drop impact loadings at room temperature and low temperature. Johnson-Cook shear failure model has been employed to simulate the fractured single frame structures. Through several numerical analyses, material constants for Johnson-Cook shear failure model have been found producing the cracks resulted from experiments. Fracture strain-stress triaxiality curves at both room temperature and low temperature are presented based on the extracted material constants. It is expected that the fracture strain-stress triaxiality curves can offer objective fracture criteria for the assessment of structural fractures of polar class vessel structures fabricated from DH36 steels. The fracture experiments of single frame structures revealed that the structure on low temperature condition fractures at much lower strain than that on room temperature condition despite the same stress states at both temperatures. In conclusion, the material properties on low temperature condition are essential to estimate the fracture characteristics of steel structures operated in the Northern Sea Route.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.20-32
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• 1990

The plane strain fracture toughness of a material characterize the resistance to fracture in the presence of a sharp crack under severe tensile condition. Fracture toughness can be determined by indentation method. The purpose of this study was to investigate the fracture toughness of dental amalgams by measuring the plane strain fracture toughness and the fracture toughness from indentation method. Two conventional and four high copper amalgam alloys were employed for this study. The amalgams were prepared according to the A.D.A. spec. No. 1 and inserted into the specially designed mould with the single edge notch specimen to use in 3-point bending method. The specimens (20mm long, 4mm wide, 2mm thick) were stored at $37^{\circ}C$ for 1 week, and tested in 3-point bending by means of Instron at a cross-head speed of 1mm/min. In indentation method, the specimens were made in same manner as single edge notch specimens. The test was conducted with Vickers hardness tester at 10kg load. The following results were obtained. 1. The plane strain fracture toughness and the fracture toughness from indentation method were higher in the low copper amalgams than the high copper amalgams. 2. In high copper amalgams, the fracture toughness of amalgams decreases according as the copper contents increase. 3. In similar copper contents, the single composition amalgams have a higher fracture toughness than the admixed amalgams.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.14-21
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• 2010

A miniature single solder ball joint is designed to mimic the actual solder joints used in the micro-electric industries. Shear tests were conducted to evaluate the mechanical behavior of miniature single solder joints at intermediate strain rates from $0.019\;s^{-1}$ to $2.16\;s^{-1}$ at room temperature. The shear fracture strength of the present solder ball joints generally increased with increasing shear strain rate, ranging from 32 to 51MPa. This behavior is affected by the sensitivity of bulk solder strength to strain rate. Shear fracture mode changed from brittle to partial ductile (failure inside the bulk solder) with an increase of shear speed. The unloading shear fracture toughness is generally consistent with the measure of the amount of bulk solder on the fractured surface.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.517-520
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• 2008

Recently, use of adhesive bonding technology is increased to achieve the multi-material design for lightweight structure in automobile industry. In this paper, the fracture strength of adhesive has been studied with the single lap shear test conducted at different temperatures. The joint specimens are made from Al 5052 and SPRC 440 bonded with structural epoxy adhesive. The operating temperature has been considered up to $150[^{\circ}C]$ and the single lap shear test has been conducted with 5mm/min tensile rate. Fracture strength of adhesive bonded joint has been decreased with increase of operating temperature. The fracture strength at the $100[^{\circ}C]$ was shown about half of that at room temperature.

• 대한금속재료학회지
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.146-151
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• 2012

The present article shows how the fracture strength of single crystal silicon chips, which are generally used as semiconductor devices, is influenced by loading rate variation during a 3-point bending test. It was found that the fracture strength of the silicon chips slightly increases up to 4% with increasing loading rate for loading rates lower than 20 mm/min. Meanwhile, the fracture strength of the chips hardly increases with increase of loading rate to levels higher than 40 mm/min. However, there was an abrupt transition in the fracture strength within a loading rate range of 20 mm/min to 40 mm/min. This work explains through microscopic examination of the fracture surface of all test chips that such a big transition is related to the deflection of crack propagation direction from the (011) [${\bar{1}}00$] system to the (111) [${\bar{2}}11$] system in a particular loading rate (i.e. from 20 mm/min to 40 mm/min).

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.106-113
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• 2000

Single crystallization behavior ad high temperature tensile properties of TLP bonded joints of Ni-base single crystal superalloy, CMSX-2 were investigated using MBF-80 and F-24 insert metals. CMSX-2 was bonded at 1523~1548K for 1.5~1.8ks in vacuum. The (100) orientation of bonded specimen was aligned perpendicular to the joint interface. Crystallographic orientation analyzed points over the bonded region possessed the almost same orientation across the joint interface and misorientation $\Delta^{\theta}$ was negligibly small in as-bonded and post-bond heat-treated situations. It was confirmed that single crystallization could be readily achieved during TLP bonding. The tensile strengths of all joints at elevated temperatures were equal to or greater than those of base metal the range of testing temperature between 923K and 1173K. The elongation and reduction of area in values were almost the same as those of base metal. SEM observation of the fracture surfaces of joints after tensile test revealed that the fracture surface indicated the similar morphologies each other, and that the fracture of joints occurred in the base metal in any cases.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.645-667
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• 2015

Single treatment and staged treatments in vertical wells are widely applied in sandstone and mudstone thin interbedded (SMTI) reservoir to stimulate the reservoir. The keys and difficulties of stimulating this category of formations are to avoid hydraulic fracture propagating through the interface between shale and sand as well as control the fracture height. In this paper, the cohesive zone method was utilized to build the 3-dimensional fracture dynamic propagation model in shale and sand interbedded formation based on the cohesive damage element. Staged treatments and single treatment were simulated by single fracture propagation model and double fractures propagation model respectively. Study on the changes of fracture vicinity stress field during propagation is to compare and analyze the parameters which influence the interfacial induced stresses between two different fracturing methods. As a result, we can prejudge how difficult it is that the fracture propagates along its height direction. The induced stress increases as the pumping rate increasing and it changes as a parabolic function of the fluid viscosity. The optimized pump rate is $4.8m^3/min$ and fluid viscosity is $0.1Pa{\cdot}s$ to avoid the over extending of hydraulic fracture in height direction. The simulation outcomes were applied in the field to optimize the treatment parameters and the staged treatments was suggested to get a better production than single treatment.