• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.195-221
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• 2013

A centrifuge model study is carried out to investigate the behavior of pile subject to negative skin friction induced by pile installation, ground water drawdown and surcharge loading. A single end-bearing pile is examined as the induced negative skin friction would induce the most severe stress on the pile structural material as compared to friction piles. In addition, the behavior of the pile under simultaneous negative skin friction and dead/live loads is examined. To facilitate detailed interpretations of the test results, the model setup is extensively instrumented and involves elaborate test control schemes. To further examine the phenomenon of negative skin friction on an end-bearing pile, finite element analyses were conducted. The numerical analysis is first validated against the centrifuge test data and subsequently extended to examine the effects of pile slenderness ratio, surcharge intensity and pile-soil stiffness ratio on the degree of mobilization of negative skin friction induced on the pile. Finally experimental and numerical studies are conducted to examine the effect of applied transient live load on pile subject to negative skin friction.

• The Journal of Korean society of community based occupational therapy
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.67-75
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• 2013

Objective : The purpose of study was to visual scanning program on the effect of visual memory in stroke patients. Method : A single subject experimental research with ABA design was employed in this study. The experiment composed of 15 sessions in total: 5 sessions for baseline, 7 session for visual scanning program, and 3 sessions for the second baseline. Each session for intervention took 30 minutes daily. MVPT, CNT(visual span test, visual learning test) were used for assessment visual perception, visual memory. Result : After visual scanning program, changing faster processing time MVPT 5.5 seconds to 4.5 seconds. Also all itme raw score changes of CNT visual span test, visual learning test. Conclusion : Visual scanning program in stroke patients give a positive impact on the visual memory. To improve stroke patients' perception visual scanning program utilizing visual perception research as well as training programs for a variety of looks forward to being developed.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.204-214
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• 2010

This research was intended to provide a basic data on the study of utilization of assistive technology to improve vocational ability for people with intellectual disabilities. As this study was literature review, it was analyzed the qualitative level, methodology contents, and general characteristic of a study, related assistive technology application for improvement of vocational ability in people with intellectual disabilities. The results of this study were as follows; Firstly, experimental environments mostly consisted of separated experimental conditions and design employed multiple probe design; Secondly, all of studies were involved in the standard of selection of subjects, but the proportions of study describing the contents related to subjects was low. The proportions of study describing the behavior-control and exterior-variable control method was low; Thirdly, most study evaluated independent variable and presented fidelity of treatment but, the presentation of social validity was proved to be insufficient. In order to effective application of assistive technology in vocational rehabilitation, it is need a evidence that the application of assistive technology is evidence-based practice in vocational rehabilitation. We also need a supplementation between methodology contents and qualitative level of study in more study.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.57-66
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• 2014

Objectives: This study was performed to analyze single dose toxicity and the lethal dose of Scolopendrid Pharmacopuncture in rats. Methods: All experiments were conducted at the Korea Testing & Research Institute (KTR), an institution authorized to perform non-clinical studies, under the regulations of Good Laboratory Practice (GLP). Sprague-Dawley rats were chosen for the pilot study. Doses of Scolopendrid pharmacopuncture, 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 mL, were administered to the experimental group, and 1.0 mL doses of normal saline solution were administered to the control group. This study was conducted under the approval of the Institutional Animal Ethic Committee. Results: No deaths or abnormalities occurred in any of the groups. No significant changes in the weight, hematological parameters or clinical chemistry were noted between the control group and the experimental group. To check for abnormalities in organs and tissues, we used microscopy to examine representative histological sections of each specified organ; the results showed no significant differences in any of the organs or tissues. Conclusion: The above findings suggest Scolopendrid Pharmacopuncture is a relatively safe to use for treatment. Further studies on the subject should be conducted to yield more concrete evidence.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.48-52
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• 2012

Objective: This study was performed to analyze the single-dose toxicity of Aconitum kusnezoffii Reichb. pharmacopuncture (AKRP). Methods: All experiments were conducted at the Korea Testing & Research Institute (KTRI), an institute authorized to perform non-clinical studies, under the regulations of Good Laboratory Practice (GLP). Twenty (20) Sprague-Dawley rats were chosen for the pilot study. The animals were divided into four groups of five animals per group: group 1 (G1) being the control group with each animal receiving an injection of 0.3 ml of saline and groups 2, 3, and 4 (G2, G3, and G4) being the experimental groups with each animal receiving an injection of 0.1, 0.2 or 0.3 ml of AKRP, respectively. This study was conducted with the approval of the Institutional Animal Ethics Committee. Results: No deaths occurred in any of the 4 groups, and the $LD_{50}$ of AKRP administered via IV was higher than 1.77 ml/kg. Some changes in the weights of the male rates were observed between the control group and the experimental groups, but no significant differences were noted in the weights of the female rats. To check for abnormalities in organs and tissues, we stained representative sections of each specified organ with Hematoxylin & Eosin for light microscopic examination. The results showed no significant differences in any of the organs or tissues. Conclusions: The above findings suggest that Aconitum kusnezoffii Reichb. pharmacopuncture is a relatively safe treatment. Further studies on the subject should be conducted to yield more concrete evidence.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.36-42
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• 2015

Objectives: This study was carried out to analyze the single dose toxicity of Mecasin(Gami-Jakyak Gamcho buja Decoction) pharmacopuncture in muscle of Sprague-Dawley rats. Methods: All experiments were performed at the Medvill, an institution acknowledged to conduct non-clinical studies, under the Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) regulations. Sprague-Dawley rats were chosen in this pilot study. The reason Sprague-Dawley rats were chosen is that they have been widely used in safety test in the field of medicine, so the results can be easily compared with many other databases. Doses of Mecasin pharmacopuncture, 0, 500, 1,000, and 2,000mg/kg, were registered to the experimental groups, and a dose of normal saline solution, 10 ml/kg, was registered to the control group. Mecasin pharmacopuncture and normal saline were injected into the thigh of the rats by disposable syringes at intervals of six hours twice a day. This study was performed under the approval of the Institutional Animal Ethic Committee. Results: There is no death or abnormality in any of the four groups. No significant changes in weight, hematological parameters or clinical chemistry between the control group and the experimental groups were observed. To inspect abnormalities in organs and tissues, we used microscopy to examine representative histological sections of each specified organ; the results showed no significant differences in any of the organs or tissues. Conclusion: The above outcomes suggest that treatment with Mecasin pharmacopuncture is relatively safe. Further evaluations and studies on this subject are needed to prove more concrete evidence.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.607-613
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• 2000

Objective: This study is designed to examine how an application of a kinesio taping to the foot drop of a hemiplegic patient affects the functional recovery of a gait. Method: The patient was a man with left hemiplegia of about 11 months' duration. a single subject design (ABAB design) was used to investigate the timing difference at a stance phase between an unaffected side and an affected side in the gait ability of the hemiplegic patient by using the kinesio taping. The study was divided into four phase: an initial base-line, an experimental, a second base-line, and second experimental phase. Result: The timing difference at a stance phase between an unaffected side and an affected side in the gait was decreased in the case of the affected side by following the result of applying the kinesio taping to a lower extremity. Conclusion: The kinesio taping applied to the foot drop of a hemiplegic patient affects the improvement of the gait ability.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.67-75
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• 2015

Objectives: This study was carried out to analyze the single-dose toxicity of ShinYangHur (SYH) herbal acupuncture injected into the muscles of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Methods: The SYH herbal acupuncture was made in a clean room at the Korean Pharmacopuncture Institute (KPI, Korea-Good Manufacturing Practice, K-GMP). After the mixing process with sterile distilled water, the pH was controlled to between 7.0 and 7.5. Then, NaCl was added to make a 0.9% isotonic solution by using sterilized equipment. All experiments were conducted at Biotoxtech, an institution authorized to perform non clinical studies under the regulations of Good Laboratory Practice (GLP). SD rats were chosen for the pilot study. Doses of SYH herbal acupuncture, 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 mL, were administered to the experimental groups, and a dose of normal saline solution, 1.0 mL, was administered to the control group. This study was conducted under the approval of the Institutional Animal Ethics Committee. Results: No deaths or abnormalities occurred in any of the four groups. No significant changes in weight, hematological parameters or clinical chemistry between the control group and the experimental groups were observed. To check for abnormalities in organs and tissues, we used microscopy was used to examine representative histological sections of each specified organ; the results showed no significant differences in any of the organs or tissues. Conclusion: The above outcomes suggest that treatment with SYH herbal acupuncture is relatively safe. Further studies on this subject are needed to yield more concrete evidence.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Groundwater Environment
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.111-115
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• 1997

Discrete fracture model has become one of the alternatives for the classical continuum model to simulate the irregular aspects of the fluid flow and the solute transport in fractured rocks. It is based on the assumptions that the discharge in a single fracture is proportional to the cube of the aperture and the fractured rock can be represented by the statistical assemblage of such single fractures. This study is intended to evaluate the effect of the fracture junction on the cubic law. Numerical solution of flow in junction system was obtained by using the Boundary-Fitted Coordinate System (BFCS) method. Results with different intersection angles in crossing fractures show that the geometry of the junction affects the discharge pattern under the same simulation conditions. Therefore, strict numerical and experimental examinations on this subject are required.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.19-30
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• 2016

Objective : The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of Interactive Metronome (IM) training on short-term memory and attention for children with mental retardation. Methods : For this study, single-subject experimental research was conducted using an ABA design. We observed two children, twice a week for 9 weeks, which was 18 sessions in total. We evaluated the children's brain waves without intervention and the child's pseudo randomly selected sample of one short-term memory task as assessed in the baseline A phase for three sessions. In the intervention phase the children received 40-50 minutes of Interactive Metronome training twice a week, a total of 12 sessions. The short-term memory test and long form test as assessed after treatment, without brain wave in short form test measuring. During the baseline A phase, data were collected using the same procedure as the baseline A phase. Results : After the interactive metronome training, positive changes was observed in brain waves, attentions and short-term memory. Conclusion : The results of this study expect that IM training has a potential for improving cognitive functions of children with mental retardation. In addition, the results of this study can be used as basic data in attention and short-term memory of occupational therapy intervention for children with mental retardation.