• BMB Reports
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.71-76
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• 2005

Ceruloplasmin (CP) is the major plasma antioxidant and copper transport protein. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against human CP were produced and characterized. A total of five hybridoma cell lines were established (CP2, CP10, CP20, CP25, CP30). From the epitope mapping analysis, two subgroups of mAbs recognize different peptide fragments were identified. When the purified CP was incubated with the mAbs, the ferroxidase activity of CP was inhibited up to a maximum 57%. Immunoblotting with various tissue homogenates indicated that all the mAbs specifically recognize a single protein band of 130 kDa. They also appear to be extensively cross-reactive among different mammalian including human and avian sources. These results demonstrated that only one type of immunologically similar CP is present in all of the mammalian tissues including human. The CP mAbs could be of great benefit to design the diagnostic kit for CP-related diseases such as Wilson's disease.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.103-108
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• 2005

To study the direct effect of somatostatin (SS) on calcium channel current ($I_{Ba}$) in guinea-pig gastric myocytes, $I_{Ba}$ was recorded by using whole-cell patch clamp technique in single smooth muscle cells. Nicardipine ($1{\mu}M$), a L-type $Ca^{2+}$ channel blocker, inhibited $I_{Ba}$ by $98{\pm}1.9$% (n=5), however $I_{Ba}$ was decreased in a reversible manner by application of SS. The peak $I_{Ba}$ at 0 mV were decreased to $95{\pm}1.5$, $92{\pm}1.9$, $82{\pm}4.0$, $66{\pm}5.8$, $10{\pm}2.9$% at $10^{-10}$, $10^{-9}$, $10^{-8}$, $10^{-7}$, $10^{-5}$ M of SS, respectively (n=3∼6; $mean{\pm}SEM$). The steady-state activation and inactivation curves of $I_{Ba}$ as a function of membrane potentials were well fitted by a Boltzmann equation. Voltage of half-activation ($V_{0.5}$) was $-12{\pm}0.5$ mV in control and $-11{\pm}1.9$ mV in SS treated groups (respectively, n=5). The same values of half-inactivation were $-35{\pm}1.4$ mV and $-35{\pm}1.9$ mV (respectively, n=5). There was no significant difference in activation and inactivation kinetics of $I_{Ba}$ by SS. Inhibitory effect of SS on $I_{Ba}$ was significantly reduced by either dialysis of intracellular solution with $GDP_{\beta}S$, a non-hydrolysable G protein inhibitor, or pretreatment with pertussis toxin (PTX). SS also decreased contraction of guinea-pig gastric antral smooth muscle. In conclusion, SS decreases voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel current ($VDCC_L$) via PTXsensitive signaling pathways in guinea-pig antral circular myocytes.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.356-364
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• 2009

The current ruminant feeding models require parameterization of the digestion kinetics of carbohydrate fractions in feed ingredients to estimate the supply of nutrients from a ration. Using an automated gas production technique, statistically welldefined digestion rate of carbohydrate, including soluble carbohydrate, can be estimated in a relatively easy way. In this study, the gas production during in vitro fermentation was measured and recorded by an automated gas production system to investigate degradation kinetics of carbohydrate fractions of a wide range of ruminant feeds: corn silage, rice straw, corn, soybean hull, soybean meal, and cell mass from lysine production (CMLP). The gas production from un-fractionated, ethanol insoluble residue and neutral detergent insoluble residue of the feed samples were obtained. The gas profiles of carbohydrate fractions on the basis of the carbohydrate scheme of the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (A, B1, B2, B3 and C) were generated using a subtraction approach. After the gas profiles were plotted with time, a curve was fitted with a single-pool exponential equation with a discrete lag to obtain kinetic parameters that can be used as inputs for modern nutritional models. The fractional degradation rate constants (Kd) of corn silage were 11.6, 25.7, 14.8 and 0.8%/h for un-fractioned, A, B1 and B2 fractions, respectively. The values were statistically well estimated, assessed by high t-value (>12.9). The Kd of carbohydrate fractions in rice straw were 4.8, 21.1, 5.7 and 0.5%/h for un-fractioned, A, B1 and B2 fractions, respectively. Although the Kd of B2 fraction was poorly defined with a t-value of 4.4, the Kd of the other fractions showed tvalues higher than 21.9. The un-fractioned corn showed the highest Kd (18.2%/h) among the feeds tested, and the Kd of A plus B1 fraction was 18.7%/h. Soybean hull had a Kd of 6.0, 29.0, 3.8 and 13.8%/h for un-fractioned, A, B1 and B2, respectively. The large Kd of fraction B2 indicated that NDF in soybean hull was easily degradable. The t-values were higher than 20 except for the B1 fraction (5.7). The estimated Kd of soybean meal was 9.6, 24.3, 5.0%/h for un-fractioned, A and B1 fractions, respectively. A small amount of gas (5.6 ml at 48 ho of incubation) was produced from fermentation of CMLP which contained little carbohydrate. In summary, the automated gas production system was satisfactory for the estimation of well defined (t-value >12) kinetic parameters and Kd of soluble carbohydrate fractions of various feedstuffs that supply mainly carbohydrate. The subtraction approach, however, should be applied with caution for some concentrates, especially those which contain a high level of crude protein since nitrogen-containing compounds can interfere with gas production.

• BMB Reports
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• 제48권11호
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• pp.618-623
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• 2015

FK506 binding protein 12 (FK506BP) is a small peptide with a single FK506BP domain that is involved in suppression of immune response and reactive oxygen species. FK506BP has emerged as a potential drug target for several inflammatory diseases. Here, we examined the protective effects of directly applied cell permeable FK506BP (PEP-1-FK506BP) on corneal alkali burn injury (CAI). In the cornea, there was a significant decrease in the number of cells expressing pro-inflammation, apoptotic, and angiogenic factors such as TNF-α, COX-2, and VEGF. Both corneal opacity and corneal neovascularization (CNV) were significantly decreased in the PEP-1-FK506BP treated group. Our results showed that PEP-1-FK506BP can significantly inhibit alkali burn-induced corneal inflammation in rats, possibly by accelerating corneal wound healing and by reducing the production of angiogenic factors and inflammatory cytokines. These results suggest that PEP-1-FK506BP may be a potential therapeutic agent for CAI.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.39-47
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• 2010

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a neurotrophic factor involved in neuronal differentiation, plasticity, survival and regeneration. BDNF draws massive attention mainly due to the potential as a therapeutic target in neurological diseases such as depression and Alzheimer's disease. In a primary screening for the natural compounds enhancing BDNF release from cultured rat primary cortical neuron, we found that compounds such as baicalein, tanshinone IIa, cinnamic acid, epiberberine, genistein and wogonin among many others increased BDNF release. All the compounds at $0.1{\mu}M$ of concentration barely showed stimulatory effect on BDNF induction, however, their combination (mixture 1; baicalein, tanshinone IIa and cinnamic acid, mixture 2; epiberberine, genistein and wogonin) showed synergistic increase in BDNF release as well as mRNA and protein expression. The level of BDNF expression was comparable to the maximum BDNF stimulation attainable by a positive control oroxylin A ($20{\mu}M$) without cell toxicity as determined by MTT analysis. Both mixtures synergistically increased the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) as well as cAMP response element binding protein (CREB), an immediate and essential regulator of BDNF expression. Similar to these results, mixture of these compounds synergistically inhibited the up-regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) induced by lipopolysaccharide treatments in rat primary astrocytes. These results suggest that the combinatorial treatment of natural compounds in lower concentration might be a useful strategy to obtain sufficient BDNF stimulation in neurological disease condition such as depression, while minimizing potential side effects and toxicity of higher concentration of a single compound.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권10호
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• pp.1446-1458
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• 2013

The study assessed the effect of dietary supplementation of leaf meal mixture (LMM) containing condensed tannins (CT) on feed intake, nutrient utilization and performance of sheep infected with Haemonchus contortus. Eighteen adult sheep of similar age and body weight ($25.03{\pm}1.52$) were included in this study and out of these, 12 sheep were infected with single dose of infective third stage larvae of H. contortus at 2,000 larvae per sheep. The experimental sheep were allocated in three different groups' i.e. negative control (NC; no infection), control (C; H. contortus infected) and treatment (T; H. contortus infected+CT at 1.5% of the DM through LMM) and the experiment was conducted for a period of 90 d. The intake of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) and digestibility of DM, OM, neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) were comparable among three animal groups. However, digestibility of crude protein (CP) and ether extract (EE) were significantly (p<0.05) higher in NC group as compared to both C and T groups. Nitrogen (N) retention (g/d or % of N intake) was significantly (p = 0.038) lower in C group as compared to T and NC groups. Daily intake (g/kg $W^{0.75}$) of digestible crude protein (DCP), digestible organic matter (DOM) and total digestible nutrient (TDN) did not differ significantly (p<0.05) in the three groups. Haemoglobin (Hb) and packed cell volume (PCV) were significantly (p<0.001) higher in treatment group as compared to control. The level of Hb and PCV reduced (p<0.001) after 30 days of experimental feeding. CT significantly (p<0.001) reduced serum urea in T group as compared to NC and C groups. Serum proteins differed significantly (p<0.01) among the three groups. The activity of serum enzymes AST, ALT, ALP and LDH were also statistically non significant (p<0.05) among treatments. The weight of abomasal lymph nodes (ALN) in T group was higher (p<0.05) than in C group. Treatment group had lower (p<0.05) total worms and fecal egg count compared to control group. It may be concluded that dietary supplementation of CT through LMM significantly improved the N retention, and inhibited the different developmental stages of Haemonchus contortus in experimental sheep.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2015

돼지생식기호흡기증후군(porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome; PRRS) 바이러스의 ORF5a 단백질이 바이러스 생장에 필수적인 단백질인지 확인하기 위해서 PRRS 바이러스 감염성 클론을 이용하여 ORF5a 단백질 유전자를 결손시킨 변이 클론을 제작하였다. 야생형 PRRS 바이러스 감염성 클론과 ORF5a 단백질이 결손된 변이 클론을 BHK-tailless pCD163 세포에 transfection시킨 결과 변이클론에서감염성있는바이러스가숙주세포로부터만들어지지않았다. 이결과가 ORF5a 단백질발현의부재때문인지검증하기위해서 BHK-tailless pCD163-tailless 세포에 ORF5a 단백질을안정적으로발현하는세포주를제작하였고이세포주에동일한 transfection 실험을한결과세포에서공급되는 ORF5a 단백질발현에의해감염성있는바이러스가만들어지는것을확인하였다. 이로써 ORF5a 단백질이 PRRS 바이러스가 생장하는데 있어서 필수적인 단백질임을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제65권6호
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• pp.834-840
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• 2022

Objective : C-reactive protein (CRP) level, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and white blood cell (WBC) count are inflammatory markers used to evaluate postoperative infections. Although these markers are non-specific, understanding their normal kinetics after surgery may be helpful in the early detection of postoperative infections. To compliment the recent trend of reducing the duration of antibiotic use, this retrospective study investigated the inflammatory markers of patients who had received antibiotics within 24 hours after surgery according to the Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service guidelines and compared them with those of patients who had received antibiotics for 5 days, which was proven to be non-infectious. Methods : We enrolled 74 patients, divided into two groups. Patients underwent posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) at a single institution between 2019 and 2020. Group A included 37 patients who received antibiotics within 24 hours after the PLIF procedure, and group B comprised 37 patients who had used antibiotics for 5 days. A 1 : 1 nearest-neighbor propensity-matched analysis was used. The clinical variables included age, sex, medical history, body mass index, estimated blood loss, and operation time. Laboratory data included CRP, ESR, and WBC, which were measured preoperatively and on postoperative days (POD) 1, 3, 5, and 7. Results : CRP dynamics tended to decrease after peaking on POD 3, with a similar trend in both groups. The average CRP level in group B was slightly higher than that in group A; however, the difference was not statistically significant. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed operation time, number of fused levels, and estimated blood loss as significant predictors of a greater CRP peak value (r²=0.473, p<0.001) in patients. No trend (a tendency to decrease from the peak value) could be determined for ESR and WBC count on POD 7. Conclusion : Although slight differences were observed in numerical values and kinetics, sequential changes in inflammatory markers according to the duration of antibiotic administration showed similar patterns. Knowledge of CRP kinetics allows the assessment of the degree of difference between the clinical and expected values.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.101-107
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• 2005

목 적 : 다양한 감염성 질환에서 CRP, 백혈구 수 및 중성구 분획의 차이를 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법: 1996년 1월부터 2001년 12월까지 가톨릭대학교 대전성모병원에 입원한 환아 중 세균성 질환인 세균성 수막염(19명)과 급성 신우신염(55명), 대표적인 바이러스 질환인 홍역(274명), 수두(38명), 마이코플라즈마 질환인 마이코플라즈마 폐렴(160명), 리케치아 질환인 쯔쯔가무시병(39명) 및 감염이 원인으로 여겨지는 가와사끼병(152명)으로 입원한 환아들을 대상으로 의무 기록지를 후향적으로 조사 분석하였다. 결 과 : CRP 값은 세균성 수막염($17.9{\pm}6.4mg/dL$), 가와사끼병($9.1{\pm}5.6mg/dL$), 급성 신우신염($8.1{\pm}3.3mg/dL$) 순으로 높았다. 마이코플라즈마 폐렴과 쯔쯔가무시병(타세균성 질환)이 $3.2{\pm}2.5mg/dL$, 홍역 및 수두의 바이러스성 질환에서는 $1.0{\pm}0.8mg/dL$를 보였다. 백혈구 수 및 중성구 분획에서도 세균성 질환들과 타세균성 질환 및 바이러스성 질환에서 뚜렷한 차이를 보였다. 가와사끼병의 경우 세균성 질환과 유사한 결과를 보였다. 세균성 질환 및 가와사끼병에서 CRP 값과 백혈구 수 및 호중구 분획 사이에 상관관계가 있었다(P<0.01). 결 론 : 다양한 감염 질환에서 평균 CRP 값과 백혈구 수 및 중성구 분획은 병원체에 따라 뚜렷한 차이를 보였다. 하나의 감염성 질환에서 백혈구 수와 중성구 분획은 연령에 따라 차이를 보였으며, 세균성 질환에서 CRP 값과 호중구 수와는 서로 연관이 있었다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제25권8호
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• pp.953-959
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• 2015

광유전학은 생체 조직 및 세포에서 유전공학적으로 발현된 광민감성 단백질을 이용하여 목표로 하는 분자/세포 활동을 조절하기 위한 광학 및 분자적 전략들의 조합이다. 광유전학은 빛을 이용하여 신경세포의 발화 여부를 결정하는 세포막 채널을 빨리 열고 닫는 방법을 포함한다. 이 기술은 녹조류의 광민감성 단백질들을 특정 뇌세포에 넣는데서 시작되었다. 이렇게 하면 세포들은 파랑이나 노락색의 펄스로 켜지거나 꺼질 수 있다. 빨리 개폐되는 광민감성 양이온 채널인 자연계에 존재하는 조류 단백질인 channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2)를 이용하여 활동전위의 숫자와 빈번도를 조절할 수 있다. ChR2는 다른 세포들은 영향을 주지 않으면서 한 유형의 신경세포만 조작할 수 있는 길을 제시하는데, 이는 전례가 없는 특이성이다. 이 기술은 빛을 이용하여 단일 발화와 시냅스 사건 수준에서 신경신호전달을 변경시킬 수 있도록 하여 신경과학자와 의생명공학자들에게 널리 적용될 수 있는 도구를 제공한다. 녹조류와 레이저, 유전자 치료, 광섬유의 희한한 조합은 이전에 결코 불가능했던 정밀도로 뇌 속 깊은 곳의 신경 회로 지도를 그릴 수 있도록 해주었다. 이것은 우울증, 불안, 정신분열, 중독, 수면병, 그리고 자폐증 같은 질환의 원인을 밝히는데 도움을 줄 것이다. 광유전학은 파킨슨병, 강박장애, 그리고 전기 펄스가 있는 다른 질환들을 치료하는데 사용되는 기존 이식 도구들을 개선시킬 수 있다. 광유전학 장치는 상기 장치들이 할 수 있는 것보다 더 많이 뇌세포의 특정 세포들을 대상으로 할 수 있다. 신경세포 이외의 일반 세포들에도 광유전학 도구들을 적용하는 연구들이 증가하고 있다.