• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.430-435
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• 1997

Protopectinases are heterologous group of enzymes that degrades insoluble protopectin which consists of middle lamella between cells of plant tissues. Tissues of potato and carrot could be separated to single cells by addition of protopectinase isolated from Rhizopus sp. Color changes ofthe suspensions treated with protopectinase and mechanically macerated after 2 weeks at 4$^{\circ}C$, were investigated. Color change of the latter was very serious, however, that of the former was insignificant. Furthermore, after heat treatment at 121$^{\circ}C$ for 5min, the constituents of mechanically macerted carrot suspension were separated into two layers, but those of single celled carrot were not. Yields of carrot juices extracted from single celled suspensions and mechanical maceration were 93.6% and 56.0%, respectively. These results support that treatment of protopectinase can increase yield of juices extracted from plant, and manufacture high value-added products in food processing.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.39 no.12
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• pp.841-846
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• 2016

Local protein synthesis mediates precise spatio-temporal regulation of gene expression for neuronal functions such as long-term plasticity, axon guidance and regeneration. To reveal the underlying mechanisms of local translation, it is crucial to understand mRNA transport, localization and translation in live neurons. Among various techniques for mRNA analysis, fluorescence microscopy has been widely used as the most direct method to study localization of mRNA. Live-cell imaging of single RNA molecules is particularly advantageous to dissect the highly heterogeneous and dynamic nature of messenger ribonucleoprotein (mRNP) complexes in neurons. Here, we review recent advances in the study of mRNA localization and translation in live neurons using novel techniques for single-RNA imaging.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.109-114
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• 2015

We realize a color reflective display without any color filter and sub-pixelation concept, by which the full or single color realization is basically impossible. In this study, we use a 3-electrode on the lower substrate with indium tin oxide (ITO) glass. The width of a rib is $30{\mu}m$, a cell size is $150{\mu}m{\times}150{\mu}m$, and the space of lower electrodes is $10{\mu}m$. To get the single color, we drive this panel by a identical algorithm based on the movement of charged particle in color fluid within a cell with hermetic seal. According to the driving method, the lifetime of panel is different.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.1068-1071
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• 2007

When a dielectric layer, in-cell retarder (ICR) is formed between electrode and LC layer to get a single gap transflective fringe-field switching (FFS) display, the operating voltage ($V_{op}$) is highly increased due to the thickness of dielectric material. But, we also knew the phenomenon that the increasing rate of Vop is different whether the 1st common electrode was composed of plate type or slit type. In this paper, the common electrode in transmissive part was composed of slit type which had less steepness effect of the Vop and in reflective part was composed of plate type. The rubbing angle of reflective part can be adjusted properly to match the voltage dependent transmittance and reflectance.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 1999.11a
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• pp.453-456
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• 1999

The Si-SiO$_2$interface trap and nitride bulk trap distribution of SONOSFET(polysilicon-oxide-nitride-oxide-semiconductor)NVSM(nonvolatile semiconductor memory) cell were investigated by single charge pumping method. The used device was fabricated by 0.35 7m standard logic fabrication including the ONO cell process. This ONO dielectric thickness is tunnel oxide 24 $\AA$, nitride 74 $\AA$, blocking oxide 25 $\AA$, respectively. Keeping the pulse base level in accumulation and pulsing the surface into inversion with increasing amplitudes, the charge pumping current flow from the single junction. Using the obtained I$_{cp}$-V$_{h}$ curve, the local V$_{t}$ distribution, doping concentration, lateral interface trap distribution and lateral memory trap distribution were extracted. The maximum N$_{it}$($\chi$) of 1.62$\times$10$^{19}$ /cm$^2$were determined.mined.d.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2007.06a
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• pp.435-436
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• 2007

In general, Single gap transflective FFS display has an in-cell retarder (ICR) between reflective electrode and liquid crystal (LC) layer. Therefore, Operating voltage is highly increased due to this thick dielectric material. But, we also knew the phenomenon that the increasing rate of Vop is different whether the 1st common electrode was composed of plate type or slit type. In this paper, the common electrode in transmissive part was composed of slit type which had less steepness effect of the V op and in reflective part was composed of plate type. The rubbing angle of reflective part can be adjusted properly to match the voltage dependent transmittance and reflectance.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.29 no.8
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• pp.510-515
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• 2016

Single-chamber solid oxide fuel cells (SC-SOFCs) consist of only one gas chamber, in which both the anode and the cathode are exposed to the same fuel-oxidant mixture. Thus, this configuration shows good thermal and mechanical resistance and allows rapid start-up and -down. In this study, the unit cell consisting of $La_{0.8}Sr_{0.2}MnO_3$ (cathode) / $Zr_{0.84}Y_{0.16}O_{2-x}$ (electrolyte) / $Ni-Zr_{0.84}Y_{0.16}O_{2-x}$ (anode) was fabricated and its electrochemical property was investigated as a function of temperature and the volume ratio of fuel and oxidant for SC-SOFCs. Impedance spectra were also investigated in order to figure out the electrical characteristics of the cell. As a result, the cell performance was governed by the polarization resistances of the electrodes. The cell exhibited an acceptable cell-performance of $86mW/cm^2$ at $800^{\circ}C$ and stable performance for 3 hs under 0.7 V.

• KIEE International Transactions on Electrophysics and Applications
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• v.4C no.5
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• pp.241-246
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• 2004

In this paper, we present a novel integrated cell processor to handle individual embryos. Its functions are composed of transporting, isolation, orientation, and immobilization of cells. These functions are essential for biomanipulation of single cells, and have been typically carried out by a proficient operator. The purpose of this study is the automation of these functions for safe and effective cell manipulation using a MEMS based cell processor. This device is realized with a relatively simple design and fabrication process. Experimental results indicate that it can act as an efficient substitute for essential but very tiresome and repetitive manual work while contributing significantly to the improvement of speed and success rate of operation by facilitating cell manipulation. The cell viability test for the device is studied through the distribution of mitochondria in mice embryos and cultivation of cells for 86h.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.925-928
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• 2014

A dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) was fabricated with a nanocrystalline $TiO_2$ film electrode on FTO glass, N719 dye, electrolytes (or $CsSnI_3$), and counter Pt electrode by incorporating it with single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). SWNTs were combined with $TiO_2$ film, $CsSnI_3$, Pt electrode, separately, and the SWNT-containing cell was compared with a pristine cell in cell performance. We also examined the performance change by pressing $TiO_2$ film, during cell fabrication, inside a high pressure chamber. Mostly, the change of conversion efficiency was compared for each cell, and an atomic force microscopy data were suggested to explain our results.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.35 no.11
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• pp.1355-1360
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• 2011

The interaction between the cell and the substrate is the most prominent feature affecting the migration of a crawling cell. This paper proposes a three-dimensional dynamic model using the diffuse interface description that reveals the effects of the interaction between a single crawling cell and the substrate during chemotactic migration. To illustrate the effects of interaction between the cell and the substrate, we consider the interfacial energy between the coexistent materials. Multiple mechanisms including the interface energy, chemotaxis effect, and diffusion, are addressed by employing a diffuse interface model.