• 한국방송∙미디어공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방송공학회 2012년도 하계학술대회
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• pp.164-166
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• 2012

In this paper, we proposed a method for extracting predominant melody of polyphonic music based on harmonic structure. Harmonic structure is an important feature parameter of monophonic signal that has spectral peaks at the integer multiples of its fundamental frequency. We extract all fundamental frequency candidates contained in the polyphonic signal by verifying the required condition of harmonic structure. Then, we combine those harmonic peaks corresponding to each extracted fundamental frequency and assign a rank to each after calculating its harmonic average energy. We run pitch tracking based on the rank of extracted fundamental frequency and continuity of fundamental frequency, and determine the predominant melody. For the query by singing/humming (QbSH) task, we proposed Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) based matching engine. Our system reduces false alarm by combining the distances of multiple DTW processes. To improve the performance, we introduced the asymmetric sense, pitch level compensation, and distance intransitiveness to DTW algorithm.

• 한국분말야금학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국분말야금학회 1993년도 추계학술강연 및 발표대회강연 및 발표논문 초록집
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• pp.2-2
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• 1993

The present status of the thennomechanica1 evaluation of functionally gradient materials(FGMs) for space plane application was reviewed, in which research activities and the cooperation of the national project team organized to study FGM science were demonstrated. The project team was divided into three working groups; de singing, processing and evaluation, each of which had their own tasks in the project cooperation. The testings details of the various thennomechanical tests for the FGM samples fabricated by the processing groups were described, along with their corresponding heating conditions of the real environments in the space plane application. For small-sized samples, laser beam heating test and burner heating test were well applied to study the heat shielding and heat resisting properties. Arc-heated wind tunnel test and high temperature!high velocity gas flow test were used for large-sized panel assemblies having cooling structures. The criteria for the evaluation of the heat shielding and heat resisting properties of the FGMs, as well as a crack activation mechanism in their differential temperature heating, were proposed on the basis of the observation in the burner heating test.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.52-58
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• 2002

The pitch range of the human voice is variable, extending from chest register to falsetto. Although numerous studies have investigated after laryngeal mechanism description of registers, systematic and objective studies were lack. The purpose of this study was to analyze and compare head register with chest register of singers acoustically. Fifteen healthy tenor major students were selected. Fifteen healthy untrained adults were the control group for this study. Long term average(LTA) power spectrum using the Fast Fourier transform(FFT) algorithm and Linear predictive coding (LPC) filter response were made during /a/ sustained in both head(G4, 392Hz) md chest registers (C3, 131Hz). Statistical analysis was performed using Mann-Whitney test. In the LTA power spectrum, head register of singer has increased level(energy gain) in the frequency band of 2.2-3.4kHz(p<0.01), and 7.5-8.4kHz(p<0.01, p<0.05). Chest register of singer has increased level in the frequency band of 2.2-3.1kHz(p<0.01), 7.8-8.4kHz(p<0.05) and around 9.6kHz(p<0.01). LTA power spectrum reveals a peak of acoustic energy around 2500Hz known as the singer's formant and another peak of acoustic energy around 8000Hz in singer's voice.

• 센서학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.156-161
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• 2013

This study was aimed to implement the electroglottography (EGG) system for analyzing fundamental frequency of the phonation. EGG was recorded from the conductance between ring electrodes attached to the neck skin area near thyroid cartilage with high frequency carrier electric signals during vocalization, and voice signal was recorded with microphone simultaneously. EGG and voice signals were transmitted to the audio port in PC and recorded with stereo sound recording program. From the digitized data, several parameters such as pitch, jitter, shimmer, CQ and SQ were analyzed from the vowel sounds. For the voice training, sound fundamental frequency was displayed during the vocalization and singing a song using pitches analyzed from the EGG. The system implemented in this study could be used for vocal exercise.

• 인간행동과 음악연구
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.69-79
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• 2005

This study was purported to examine the definition of tone deafness, various factors for the cause based on literature review of research findings, and to examine therapeutic application of music for treatment of tone deafness. With research, it was found that there can be three different kinds of tone deafness; amusia, agnosia, and asonia. Literature review showed that tone deafness has been frequently dealt in many research in order to verify the causal factors, such as gender, age, and environments. With time, the research trend on tone deafness has shifted towards neurological approach closely examining brain activity, presenting the statement that the brain's capacity to perceive modest pitch changes may be congenitally impaired. Also physiological factors contribute to tone deafness called diplacusis, which is a phenomenon wherein a given tone is heard as different pitches by the two ears, resulting in conflicting bilateral perception of pitch. Music can be used for treatment of various factors causing tone deafness. The most efficient intervention was singing program. Pitch-matching training can be effective training using operant conditioning procedure. Successive approximation or reinforcement of correct response alone was more efficient procedure in helping uncertain singers to sing on pitch. Also progressive breathing exercises helped the training the pitch-matching where one had to coordinate hearing and voice.

• 음성과학
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.127-137
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• 2007

The aim of this study is to examine the influence of vocal training on internal respiration in order to develop an efficient method of singing phonation. Five males trained singers (age:$25.0{\pm}1.4years$, career:$6.8{\pm}1.1\;years$) and five female trained singers (age:$22.0{\pm}1.0years$, career:$5.8{\pm}1.2\;years$) participated in this study. $SaO_2$(Oxi Hemoglobin saturation) was measured by Oxy-Pulse meter while $P_ACO_2$ (Pressure Alveolar $CO_2$) was measured by Quick et $CO_2$ before and after 2-minute, 4-minute and 6-minute vocal training. Result showed that $SaO_2$ was within a normal range after vocal training but $P_ACO_2$ came out lower than the normal range (36-40mmHg) after vocal training which led to Hypocapnia. This caused the singers to experience some headache and dizziness.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.145-155
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to examine the awareness of apartment residents on their using tendency of community facilities established in apartment complex in order to verify a role that such facilities play in making contributions to lives of apartment dwellers and to analyze their using tendency of the facilities and subsequent problems. The study produced the important findings as follows. First, the level of exchange among residents and their satisfaction were raised high in the apartment complex that offered substantial community facilities. Second, in regard to physical aspect, community activities among dwellers were brisk in the apartment complex where community facilities were organically connected. Third, fitness center, shower room and golf course were excessive in terms of space provided while the space alloted for G.X room, a place used exclusively for class, was insufficient. Fourth, the analysis of using tendency and preference level showed that fitness center, shower room and G.X room were the required facilities. The rooms for using PCs and watching DVDs and the singing room were found to be unnecessary because such facilities were low in the effectiveness when the operating cost was considered.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.83-92
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• 2015

Objectives: This study was conducted to determine the status of the awareness of "school environmental sanitation and cleanup zone system" and to identify the level of harmful perception by shops. Methods: The survey was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire method online via the homepage of the education ministry's student health information center. A total of 293 schools (126 primary schools, 62 middle schools, and 45 high schools) was selected by using a stratified probability sampling. Results: Some 32.1% of all subjects knew the law of school environmental sanitation and cleanup zone system. The mean of harmful perception was 3.01 (very harmful: 4, harmful: 3, little harmful: 2, no harmful: 1). Regarding the types of high level of harmful perception of shops, adult good shops (3.53), hostess bar (3.52), karaoke bar (3.47), Cigarette vending machines (3.47), Adult only theater (3.47) and Phone sex room (3.37) were high. Singing room (2.29), dance school (2.45), tourist hotel (2.58), comic room (2.59), mini game console (2.66), hotel (2.77), billiard hall (2.81), PC room (2.83) were relatively low in the level of harmful perception. Conclusions: National government-level management and supervision will be necessary to prevent adolescent access to harmful shops.

• 정보처리학회논문지B
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• 제16B권2호
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• pp.141-150
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 사람의 노랫소리를 자동으로 채보할 수 있는 시스템을 제안한다. 먼저 입력된 음성으로부터 추출된 피치 정보를 안정화된 역확산 방정식(Stabilized Inverse Diffusion Equation : SIDE)을 이용하여 음절 단위로 분할한다. 이를 바탕으로 유전자 알고리즘에 기반한 클러스터링을 통해 음길이 인식을 수행하였다. 또한 시창자의 음 높이에 강인한 음정 인식을 위하여 상대 음정이라는 개념을 도입하였다. 그리고 휴지기 정보를 이용한 마디 추출 알고리즘을 적용하여 보다 정확한 노래의 채보를 가능하게 하였다. 제안된 시스템을 통하여 동요 16곡을 채보한 결과 마디 인식률은 91.5%였으며, DMOS 방법으로 측정한 악곡 전체 유사도는 3.82로써 시스템 성능의 유효성을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국시조학회지:시조학논총
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• 제20집
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• pp.173-195
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• 2004

이 글은 19세기 궁중 연향의식에서 사용된 우리말 악장을 발굴하는데 목표를 두고 진행되었다. 이 작업을 통해 다음의 네 가지 결과를 얻었다 첫째, 여러 궁중 연향의식들 중에서 야연에서 한글 악장이 사용되었다. 둘째, 야연의 악장들은 모두 <악가삼장(樂歌三章)>이란 용어를 사용하고 있다. 셋째, 이들 작품들은 모두 세 편 가곡이 하나의 짝을 이루고 있다. 넷째, 이들 작품은 모두 임금 또는 세자의 작품들이다.