• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.37-41
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• 2010

Background and Objectives : Transient minor voice changes after thyroidectomy are not infrequent complaints even in cases without any evidence of recurrent laryngeal nerve damage. However, clinical course, diagnosis and management of such voice changes are not fully understood. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics of minor voice changes after thyroidectomy. We also tried to assess the significance and feasibility of superior laryngeal nerve monitoring and to find out the optimal evaluation tools for such voice changes after thyroidectomy. Materials and Method : Nine adult patients who received total thyroidectomy without evidence of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury were enrolled for this prospective study. Voice evaluations were performed preoperatively and 3 months postoperatively ; acoustic analyses including voice range profile, aerodynamic study, stroboscopic evaluation and subjective voice assessment with questionnaires. The external branch of superior laryngeal nerve was monitored by nerve stimulator after ligation of superior thyroidal vessels. Results: Four of nine patients complained their voice change at 3 months after the surgery. Three of them reported complete recovery of their voice at 6 months after the surgery. Acoustic analysis revealed significant decrease in their phonatory range especially with high tone loss. Questionnaires related to singing was more sensitive than previously well-known "voice handicap index". Stimulation of the superior laryngeal nerve was feasible in most of the cases (94.4%), but it failed to show any correlation with minor voice changes after thyroidectomy. Conclusion : Minor voice changes were not rare events during the first 6 month after thyroidectomy. Decrease in phonatory range with high tone loss and therefore, discomfort in singing was the most common finding. Superior laryngeal monitoring was feasible but it was not a sensitive tool for the prediction of minor voice change after thyroidectomy.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.344-352
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• 2015

This study aims to identify the difference in the starting time of the dawn chorus of different species of birds and related environmental conditions. For this study, the bird songs were recorded every 2 hours a day starting from 2 hours before sunrise for a whole spring season (from April to June, 2014) in Korea. The recorded sounds were analyzed to find the starting time of each species' song by sonogram pattern using a sound analyzing program (Adobe Audition CC). To analyze the relationship between the environmental conditions and the time of the birdsong of each species, we collected the data of environmental conditions: daily precipitation, Julian date, time of sunrise and moonrise, temperature data and twilight time from the Korea Meteorological Office. As a result of this study, it was found that there are several statistical correlation between the starting time of the birdsong and environmental conditions (every environmental condition except daily precipitation and time of moonrise). Also, the difference of the starting time among each species were identified. The species were divided into 3 groups (early, mid and late) by their wake-up time. Ring-necked pheasant and yellow-throated bunting were categorized as 'Early' group and all woodpeckers were categorized as'Late' group. This study is significant as it first presented a classification of wild birds in Korea by the starting time of their dawn chorus. However, further studies are required to identify why each species to do their dawn singing at different times.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.205-224
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• 1999

This is a study of strengthening the practice of environmental education in the primary and secondary school music program. Since the world war II, the environmental situation has been getting worse and worse. So it is now a global issue to conserve energy and solving the ecological problems we are confronting. Solving the environmental problem is not just a scientist's task nor a specific school education subject's either, but a responsibility of all human beings. In this sense, it is necessary for every school subject, including music, should include elements of environmental education in its education contents. in this paper the researcher has tried to point out some reasonable aspects of environmental education guidelines which would be pursued through school music programs. In the music subject the following eight environmental education strategies could be suggested: 1. An affective aspect of music should be used in educating students to aware of the importance of environmental problems. 2. The effectiveness of employing music for various educational purposes should be implemented to make students environmentally enlightened individual. 3. The main issue of environmental problem must be used in various musical activities such as singing, implementing, composing and appreciating music. 4. By employing an alternative materials for making musical instruments, students and musicians can participate in environmental education program actively. 5. Music is analogues to life and nature. Thus it is highly suggested for teachers to teach students music more sincerely In a way of studying music more seriously, students could achieve environmental education goals by discovering the similarities of the nature of the environment and music as a human environment. 6. By appreciating many musical works of dealing with environmental problems and ecological problems, one could achieve the necessary goals of environmental education. 7. By enlarging the boundary of music including the sounds of nature such as birds' singing, sounds of winds and various streams and tree's trembling, music could achieve the major goals of environmental education. 8. By recognizing sounds as an important human environment, school music program could attain the goals of environmental education. The researcher also has mentioned about the characteristics of music as a schooling subject. and has provided with some detailed curriculum guidelines for strengthening environmental education programs in music classes. Some model lesson plans implementing the environmental education for elementary, junior high school and 10th grade music classes are also suggested followed by six specific teaching ＆ learning methods for environmental education.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.1-18
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to compare the vocal characteristics of 40 adults with and without cerebral palsy (CP), upon presentation of three speech tasks (i.e., reading, chanting, and singing). The Praat program was utilized to generate data on fundamental frequency, voice intensity, jitter, and shimmer. The results of the analysis revealed no significant differences on fundamental frequency and intensity. However, both groups showed significant decreases in jitter and shimmer when engaged in singing tasks. The analysis of group differences indicated that adults with CP showed significantly higher variation scores on jitter and shimmer than the group without CP, and the difference on jitter and shimmer became greater during rhythmic chanting. In terms of jitter variation, the interaction effects according to the groups and types of speech tasks were greater, demonstrating the differences between the two groups. This study can be utilized as a basic research, regarding changes in vocal characteristics of adults with CP according to different musical speech tasks.

• Sijohaknonchong
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• v.44
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• pp.165-195
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• 2016

This paper is compare to the enjoyment of way on Si-jo and Ga-sa in Lyric poetry. Si-jo and Ga-sa were created in Joseon Dynasty. Si-jo and Ga-sa is the Lyric poetry in traditional genre, representing Korea. These forms include the lyric genre but have a difference between the fixed verse and the long-poem in Joseon Dynasty. However, the two genres are the two genres had opened the possibility of communication from the very beginning in terms of gentry layer is the main writers. Joseon Dynasty those who enjoy the fixed verse and the long-poem, the literature of singing songs and reciting literature, in terms of the principle of metaphor and metonymy rhetoric will reflect the era of awareness and enjoyment of contemporary perception of reality characters. It can be said that performing Si-jo and Ga-sa of enjoyment fashion and work to compare with realistic about the versification principles but check ahead a lot of data, and add to the task of finding a logic that can explain clearly remain. This paper will have to complement the many points made in an attempt to unravel the complex issues in an integrated and comprehensive on-pronged approach and enjoyment of the fixed verse and long-poem Si-jo and Ga-sa and similar expressions are writing and testing the various parties of the enjoyment of culture in today's era of change in the 21st century can be the compass to navigate a new world culture.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.57
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• pp.437-466
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• 2014

This paper, is in the focus of the fact that was popular in the Joseon Dynasty, was clearly private background and fashionable aspects of its creation. In Section 2, as the background of the epidemic of of the Joseon Dynasty, and was derived creative situation of . is the "left Order live music" relationship center rather, was that it was created by the Academy belongs is highlighted "Hanlin year". As a result, collapses the relationship between the order raw Korea early left, in conjunction with the boast to debauchery and evaluated surface Shinyoung of successor Geibun of this academy, be epidemic in the Joseon Dynasty it is the could be. In Chapter 3, and two to the original, it was examined the epidemic surface of of the Joseon Dynasty. The epidemic of surface, in the conventional research and are relatively detailed, but in this paper, while accommodating the existing research results, of consideration "Hanlim feast" has led to Geibun of Korea "immune new Feast" was observed a trend surface is placed around the fact. As a result, , the Joseon is that it has been singing on the occasion official four-kan and Geibun center, first Nara are exempt new feast bonds back to the four Hall again in Geibun, usually it can be seen that it is spread in the Scholar-official and gisaeng's. Lower limit has been singing can be up to around the late 17th century it has been speculated through the time of Gimumanjun.

• 재활복지
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.157-168
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of semi-closed vocal training-based Vocal Aerobic Treatment on the voice improvement of soprano. Study subject was one soprano who appealed to the suffering of her voice problem due to vocal cord nodule. A study method of conducting pre/post acoustic evaluation and subjective voice evaluation to compare the measures was used; Vocal Aerobic Treatment was carried out twice a week for a total of 32 session. In the acoustic evaluation, MDVP (multi-dimensional voice program) and VRP (voice range profile) were used to evaluate the pitch, voice quality, and voice range; in the subjective voice evaluation, SVHI (singing voice handicap index) was used to assess voice satisfaction. As a result of the pitch evaluation, the soprano maintained a proper Fo. As a result of the voice quality evaluation, the jitter, shimmer, and the noise harmonic ratio numbers decreased compared to the numbers shown before the treatment. As a result of the voice range evaluation, the scope of the range was broadened, with the number of semitone increasing from 30 to 35. As for the subjective voice evaluation, the result of the total score obtained after the survey report divided by the number of questions showed a decrease from 3.6 to 0.6. The soprano herself reported of having a minor extent of a voice problem. The summary of the above results reflects that Vocal Aerobic Treatment is useful in the voice improvement of vocalists However, as this study is case research regarding the Vocal Aerobic Treatment effect on one soprano, further research on the treatment effect covering many other vocalists is necessary. Also, there is a need for follow-up studies regarding voice management and voice treatment program on not only the vocalists but also the voice users in many other professions.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.157-166
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to understand the characteristics of contemporary vocalization and songs in order to learn various vocal methods in musical vocal classes and apply them to students. Musical vocalization methods change and evolve according to the demands of the times. Today, the characteristics of contemporary musicals cannot be limited to anyone genre, and the genre of music as well as the style of work are derived from several genres and coexist. 'The Girl in 14G,' the subject of this study, is a song that appeared in the album of Kristin Chenoweth, a famous American musical actress who uses various vocal techniques. Jeanine Tesori composed this song with various vocal techniques such as Classical, Jazz, Belting, and Mixed Voice to express New York's representative music genres of Broadway Musical, Metropolitan Opera and East Village Jazz. The development of the song consists of a difficult process in which one actor has to act across three different characters in three musical styles and singing methods. Singing 'The Girl in 14G' requires a lot of effort and practice as it is necessary to acquire various vocal techniques, which makes it a good text for students and actors in the educational perspective. As a result, this study confirmed that this song is a representative piece with a solid musical and dramatic composition and is a good example that shows the convergence characteristics of contemporary musical vocal techniques.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.55-65
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• 2022

This study aimed to compare acoustic measurements by the high, middle, and low laryngeal heights of male musical theater students. Furthermore, the correlation between the relative height of the larynx and the acoustic measurements was examined, along with the predictability of the relative height (vertical position) of the larynx from acoustic measurements. The participants included five male students majoring in musical theater singing, and acoustic analysis was performed by having them produce the /a/ vowel 10 times each at the laryngeal positions of high, middle, and low. The relative vertical positions of the laryngeal prominence in each position were measured based on the resting position. Results indicated that the relative position of the larynx varied significantly according to laryngeal height, such that as the larynx descended, the first three formant frequencies decreased while the spectral energy at the same frequencies increased. Formant frequencies showed a weak to moderate positive correlation with the relative height of the larynx, while the spectral energy showed a moderate negative correlation. The relative height of the larynx was predicted by eight acoustic measures (adjusted R² = .829). In conclusion, the predictability of the relative height of the larynx was partially confirmed in a non-invasive manner.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.91-102
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to analyze musical songs from an academic perspective by applying vocal techniques that can express songs in depth in three dimensions. Singing a musical song cannot be completed with just the musical part, rather, it should be accompanied by the analysis of various aspects such as the emotional state of the scenes and the characters. To this end, this study performed a multi-dimensional analysis of fields such as theatrical structure, lyrics, musical structure, and dynamics. In addition, the study explored and applied Estill Voice Training(EVT) that actors can best express songs with the emotions of the theater and music. EVT categorizes voice into six tones: speech, sob/cry, falsetto, twang, opera, and belting. In this study, in addition to these six sounds, the positions of vocal cords and larynx were also applied to seek ways to effectively express songs using "Gar Nichts" from the musical "Elisabeth" as a case study. "Gar Nichts" is a song sung by the protagonist Elisabeth, which expresses the self and the conflict at the peak of pain. Musically, this song requires various sound and voice-changing techniques to cover the range of "G#3-Gb5." As a result, it was confirmed that in order to embody the emotions of the characters and the songs in depth, the analysis of scenes and characters as well as various singing techniques need to be applied in harmony.