• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.68-74
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• 2009

In this paper, we propose an effective memory reduction algorithm to reduce the amount of reference frame buffer and memory bandwidth in video encoder and decoder. In general video codecs, decoded previous frames should be stored and referred to reduce temporal redundancy. Recently, reference frames are recompressed for memory efficiency and bandwidth reduction between a main processor and external memory. However, these algorithms could hurt coding efficiency. Several algorithms have been proposed to reduce the amount of reference memory with minimum quality degradation. They still suffer from quality degradation with fixed-bit allocation. In this paper, we propose an adaptive block-based min-max quantization that considers local characteristics of image. In the proposed algorithm, basic process unit is $8{\times}8$ for memory alignment and apply an adaptive quantization to each $4{\times}4$ block for minimizing quality degradation. We found that the proposed algorithm can obtain around 1.7% BD-bitrate gain and 0.03dB BD-PSNR gain, compared with the conventional fixed-bit min-max algorithm with 37.5% memory saving.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.33-42
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop standard syllabuses of 4 subjects (Structure and Function of Human Body, Pathogenic Microbiology, Pathophysiology, Mechanisms and Effects of Drug) of bionursing. Methods: We developed standard syllabuses of 4 subjects through 3 step discussions and analysis. At first each committee for 4 subjects made the syllabus, after then all researchers discussed together. Finally each committee concluded final one. Committee members consisted of professors who teach that subject at nursing college. Results: Standard syllabus for Biological Nursing I-1 or Structure & Function of Human Body I consisted of 3 parts and 9 themes and for Biological Nursing I-2 or Structure & Function of Human Body II was 3 parts and 9 themes. Standard syllabus for Biological Nursing II or Pathogenic Microbiology consisted of 8 themes and Biological Nursing III or Pathophysiology consisted of 2 parts and 19 themes. Standard syllabus for Biological Nursing IV or Mechanisms & Effects of Drug consisted of 2 parts and 13 themes. Conclusion: The standard syllabuses and titles of 4 subjects of bionursing need to be disseminated to all the nursing college by Academy of Korean Biological Nursing Science. Further researches to investigate curriculum for bionursing and to identify the effects of 4 standard syllabuses were recommended.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2015

Wind power systems have gained much attention due to the relatively high reliability, good infrastructures and cost competitiveness to the fossil fuels. Advances have been made to increase the power efficiency of wind turbines while less attention has been focused on structural integrity assessment of structural sub-systems such as towers and foundations. Among many parameters for integrity assessment, the most perceptive parameter may be the induced horizontal displacement at the hub height although it is very difficult to measure particularly in large-scale and high-rise wind turbine structures. This study proposes an indirect displacement estimation scheme based on the combined use of inclinometers and accelerometers for more convenient and cost-effective measurements. To this end, (1) the formulation for data fusion of inclination and acceleration responses was presented and (2) the proposed method was numerically validated on an NREL 5 MW wind turbine model. The numerical analysis was carried out to investigate the performance of the propose method according to the number of sensors, the resolution and the available sampling rate of the inclinometers to be used.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.285-291
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• 1998

Methods to determine EU(Ⅲ) ion in aqueous solution by fluorescence spectrometry based upon the ligand sensitized fluorescence of Eu(Ⅲ)-terephthalic acid (TPA) complex ion have been studied. The effects of excitation wavelength, pH, concentration of TPA and emission wavelength on the fluorescence intensity were investigated. The fluorescence intensity of the Eu(Ⅲ) complex ion was further increased with addition of trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO). In this case Triton X-100 was used to dissolve TOPO in aqueous solution. The calibration curve for Eu(Ⅲ) was linear over the range from $1.0{\times}10^{-6}M\;to\;4.0{\times}10^{-4}M$ and the detection limit was $1.0{\times}10^{-6}M$ under the experimental conditions of 256 nm, 5.6, $3.5{\times}10^{-4}$M$ and 615 nm for excitation wavelength, pH, concentration of TPA and emission wavelength, respectively. When TOPO was added to the Eu(Ⅲ)-TPA system, the concentration range of linear response and the detection limit were $1.0 {\times}10^{-9}M\;to\;1.0{\times}10^{-4}M,\;1.0{\times}10^{-7}M,$ respectively under the experimental conditions of 284 nm, 4.4 and $1.0{\times} 10^{-4}M$ for excitation wavelength, pH and concentration of TOPO, respectively. Effects of interferences from various cations for the determination of Eu(Ⅲ) ion were also investigated.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.287-298
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• 2005

This study was carried out to offer the raw data on conservation of land and natural environment by constructing groups of indicators to objectively and rationally assess the sustainable natural ecosystem and present the direction for establishing and planning the environmental policy. There were selected that four assessment items were biotic, abiotic, qualitative, and functional factor. And there were extracted fifty-six indicators including density, total nitrogen, hemeroby degree, and goods production. As assessment items and indicators were over 0.6, the design of questionnaire showed no great problem. In the results of correlation analysis of assessment indicators, sociality and dominance was highly correlative in biotic factor, soil property and aspect in abiotic factor, naturalized and urbanized index in qualitative factor, and protection of landslide and soil erosion were too correlative. In the results of deciding the dimension by multidimensional scaling, as stress values were from 0.042 to 0.133, index of fit over 0.9, there no statistical problems. In case of X axis, biotic factor was structure, viewpoint in abiotic factor, composition in qualitative factor, and object in functional factor, and Y axis was shaped Into form, range, structure, and activity.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.44-53
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• 2010

The H.264/AVC has been designed to use 9 directional intra prediction modes for removing spatial redundancy. It also employs high correlation between neighbouring block modes in sending mode information. For indication of the mode, smaller bits are assigned for higher probable modes and are compressed by predicting the mode with minimum value between two prediction modes of neighboring two blocks. In this paper, we calculated the statistical probability of prediction modes of the current block to exploit the correlation among the modes of neighboring two blocks with several test video sequences. Then, we made the probable prediction table that lists 5 most probable candidate modes for all possible combinatorial modes of upper and left blocks. By using this probability table, one of 5 higher probable candidate modes is selected based on RD-optimization to reduce computational complexity and determines the most probable mode for each cases for improving compression performance. The compression performance of the proposed algorithm is around 1.1%~1.50%, compared with JM14.2 and we achieved 18.46%~36.03% improvement in decoding speed.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.32-43
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• 2010

This paper presents deblocking filter for low-complexity video decoder. Baseline profile of the H.264/AVC used for mobile devices such as mobile phones has two times higher compression performance than the MPEG-4 Visual but it has a problem of serious complexity as using 1/4-pel interpolation filter, adaptive entropy model and deblocking filter. This paper presents low-complexity deblocking filter for decreasing complexity of decoder with preserving the coding efficiency of the H.264/AVC. In this paper, the proposed low-complexity deblocking filter decreased 49% of branch instruction than conventional approach as calculating value of BS by using the CBP. In addition, a range of filtering of strong filter applied in intra macroblock boundaries was limited to two pixels. According to the experimental results, the proposed low-complexity deblocking filter decreased -0.02% of the BDBitrate comparison with baseline profile of the H.264/AVC, decreased 42% of the complexity of deblocking filter, and decreased 8.96% of the complexity of decoder.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.48-56
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• 2010

Recently, we need to dramatically speed up real-time video encoding and decoding on mobile devices because complexity of video CODEC is significantly increasing along with the demand for multimedia service of high-quality and high-definition videos by users. A variety of research is conducted for parallelism of video processing using newly developed multi-core platforms. In this paper, we propose a method of parallelism based on slice partition of video compression CODEC. We propose a novel concept of a parallel slice for parallelism and propose a new coding order to be adequate to the parallel slice which keeps high coding efficiency. To minimize synchronization time of multiple parallel slices, we also propose a synchronization method to determinate whether the parallel slice could be independently decoded or not. Experimental results shows that we achieved 27.5% (40.7%) speed-up by parallelism with bit-rate increase of 3.4% (2.7%) for CIF sequences (720p sequences) by implementing the proposed algorithm on the H.264/AVC.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.429-438
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• 1993

This is a report on the early vegetation and the secondary succession in the burned area of SeobJe-Go1 of $IIwasan-MY\v{o}n,\;Y\v{o}ngch\v{o}n-Gun,\;Ky\v{u}ngsangbuk-do$ Province. The forest fire occurred on April 8, 1982 and the pine forest and its floor vegetation were burned down. The investigation was done six times from August 20, 1982 to August 13, 1983. The results are summarized as follows: the floristic composition of burned areas $B_1,\;B_2$, and unburned areas $U_1,\;U_2$ were composed of 25, 23, 32, and 27 kinds of vascular plants. respectively. The biological spectra showed the $H-D_1-R_5-e$ type in both the burned and unburned areas. The species of Arundinella hirta, Miscanthus simnsis var. purpurascens and Cares hurnilis var. nana were dominant species in the burned area, while Pinus densiflorrr, Corex humilis var. nana and Rhododendron mucronulatum var. ciliafum were dominant species in the unburned area. Degree of succession of the unburned area was comparatively higher than that of the burned area. Species diversity index and evenness index of the burned area were similar to those of the unburned area. Indices of similarity in sampling sites showed that $B_1\;and\;B_2$ stands were the most similar. pH, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and exchangeable potassium of soil increased but organic matter and total organic carbon decreased after fire.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.65-78
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• 2006

Background : Quality of life(Qol) is a broad concept that incorporates all aspects of an individual's existence. There is many study about Qol of the patient with dermatic disease in the west, but in korea there is few study, particularly for oriental medical academic world. Objective : The purpose of this study is to Investigate the influence of dermatic disease, particularly acne on the Qol by using the korean version of skindex-29. Method : We measured the Qol of Kyungwon university student participating in Dongseo health examination by using the Korean version of Skindex-29. A total of 535 students were enrolled In this study. Results are reported as 3 scales scores (functions, emotions, and symptoms) and a composite score (average scale score). Result : 1) There were no statistically significant gender-related differences in Qol scores in patient group with acne. 2) There were no significant correlation between Age Duration and Qol socres in patient group with acne. 3) Acne group marked higher Qol scores than contact dermatitis and normal group (lower than Acne with atopic dermatitis group) within emotional scales. 4) Acne group marked higher Qol scores than scar, tinea cruris, and normal group (lower than Acne with atopic dermatitis group) within functional and total scales. 5) Acne group marked higher Qol scores than tinea cruris and normal group (lower than Atopic dermatitis group) within symptom scales. 6) In acne group that feel the necessity of medical treatment, group that be treated by occidental medical method marked lower Qol scores than group that don't be treated within functional, symptom, and total scales. 7) In acne group that don't be treated, group that feel the necessity of medical treatment marked higher Qol scores than group that don't feel within emotional, functional, and total scales. 8) Acne group that don't fee the necessity of medical treatment and be treated marked high scores than normal group within all scales. Conclusion : Acne is sometimes thought of as unimportant, but Acne significantly affects patient's Qol. Occidental medical treatment can help Acne patients to improve Qol. Even if someone who suffering from acne feel that he don't need to be treated, he had lower Qol than healthy controls. And we can expect that proper occidental medical treatment help him. But few study have discuss whether oriental medical method can improve Qol of acne patients. From now on we expect interesting study that measure effect of oriental medical therapy on Qol of Acne patients and compare with occidental medical therapy by using Qol mesure instrument.