• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.315-320
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• 2016

Porcine beta-defensin-1 (PBD-1) gene plays an important role in the innate immunity of pigs. The peptide encoded by this gene is an antimicrobial peptide that has direct activity against a wide range of microbes. This peptide is involved in the co-creation of an antimicrobial barrier in the oral cavity of pigs. The objective of the present study was to detect polymorphisms, if any, in exon-1 and exon-2 regions of PBD-1 gene in Large White Yorkshire (LWY) and native Ankamali pigs of Kerala, India. Blood samples were collected from 100 pigs and genomic DNA was isolated using phenol chloroform method. The quantity of DNA was assessed in a spectrophotometer and quality by gel electrophoresis. Exon-1 and exon-2 regions of PBD-1 gene were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the products were subjected to single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis. Subsequent silver staining of the polyacrylamide gels revealed three unique SSCP banding patterns in each of the two exons. The presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was confirmed by nucleotide sequencing of the PCR products. A novel SNP was found in the 5'-UTR region of exon-1 and a SNP was detected in the mature peptide coding region of exon-2. In exon-1, the pooled population frequencies of GG, GT, and TT genotypes were 0.67, 0.30, and 0.03, respectively. GG genotype was predominant in both the breeds whereas TT genotype was not detected in LWY breed. Similarly, in exon-2, the pooled population frequencies of AA, AG, and GG genotypes were 0.50, 0.27, and 0.23, respectively. AA genotype was predominant in LWY pigs whereas GG genotype was predominant in native pigs. These results suggest that there exists a considerable genetic variation at PBD-1 locus and further association studies may help in development of a PCR based genotyping test to select pigs with better immunity.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.243-252
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• 1996

Sodium selenite를 피하주사하고 은 증폭시켜 흰쥐 척수에 있는 아연이 함유된 신경원의 포체와 bouton을 표지하였다. 표지된 신경원 세포체는 회백질의 V, VI, VII 및 X층에 분포하였다. 8시간 생존시킨 경우 아연 셀레늄 반응물이 역행수송되어 세포체에 침전되었다. 이것은 척수에 있는 아연이 함유된 신경원의 전부 혹은 일부가 개재신경원인 것으로 생각된다. 1시간 생존시킨 경우 아연 침전물로 표지된 축삭 bouton들이 회백질과 백질의 척수전삭 및 복측삭에 있는 돌기에 분포하였다. 특히 AMG로 염색된 큰 형태의 bouton 이 IX층에 나타났다. 미세구조적으로 아연 침전물은 생존시간에 따라서 아연이 함유된 신경원의 세포질 리소좀이나 bouton 내의 vesicle에 위치하였다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.98-102
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• 2010

목련잎 추출액을 이용하여 Au core-Ag shell 합금 나노입자를 합성하였다. 환원제인 식물잎 추출액을 먼저 $HAuCl_4$ 용액과 반응시키고 다음에 $AgNO_3$ 용액과 반응시켜 금 seed와 은 shell을 형성시켰다. 반응시간에 따른 UV-visible spectroscopy의 변화를 모니터링하여 합금 나노입자의 형성을 관찰하였다. 합성된 합금 나노입자를 transmission electron microscopy(TEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) 등으로 특성화 하였다. TEM image로부터 관찰된 합금 나노입자는 삼각형, 오각형, 육각형 등의 평판과 구 구조의 혼합물이었다. EDS와 XPS 분석으로부터 결정된 금/은 합금 나노입자의 원자 은 함량은 각각 34와 65 wt%로 Au core-Ag shell 나노구조가 형성되었음을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 core-shell 형태의 나노구조는 표면 강화 라만 분광 및 생물분자의 고감도 검출 등에 잠재적인 응용이 기대된다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.87-93
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• 2012

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial effect of silverized elastomers on mutans streptococci in dental plaque. Methods: Forty patients undergoing orthodontic treatment were randomly placed into 1 of 2 groups. We examined the maxillary right and left central incisors and premolars, and the mandibular right and left canines of all participants. We ligated the right maxillary and left mandibular teeth of the participants in group 1 with silverized elastomers and ligated their contralateral teeth with conventional elastomers. We ligated the left maxillary teeth and right mandibular teeth of group 2 participants with silverized elastomers. Each participant visited the clinic 4 times at 3-week intervals. We applied the elastomers to the teeth on one side of each patient's mouth during their first visit. During the second visit, the elastomers were removed for microbiological analysis and replaced with steel ligatures. During the third visit, we used silverized elastomers to ligate the teeth contralateral to those treated on the first visit. The elastomers were removed during the fourth visit, and microbiological analyses were performed. We compared the quantity of bacteria on silverized and conventional elastomers at the 0.05 level of significance. Results: The percentage of mutans streptococci was not significantly different in cultures of dental plaque from the silverized and the conventional elastomers (p > 0.05). Conclusions: There was no significant difference between the antimicrobial effect of the silverized elastomers and that of the conventional elastomers.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.244-253
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• 2017

이 연구는 여중생의 수면과 정신건강의 상호연관성을 분석하기 위하여 질병관리본부가 수행하고 온라인을 통해 공개하고 있는 2016 청소년건강행태온라인조사 원자료 중 중학교 여학생의 조사결과인 15,477명을 연구대상으로 하여 분석하였다. 연구결과 일반적 변수들과 흡연, 음주, 수면의 질, 수면시간을 모두 통제하여도 수면시간이 길수록 스트레스 인지율, 우울감 경험률, 자살 생각률이 유의하게 낮았으며, 또 충분한 수면여부에서 '그렇다'라고 답한 경우 스트레스 인지율, 우울감 경험률이 그렇지 않은 경우에 비해 유의하게 낮았다. 이 같은 연구결과 여중생의 수면시간과 질은 정신건강의 관련성이 있었기 때문에 향후 여중생들의 정신건강에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 수면시간과 질에 대한 추적연구를 포함하여 수면과 정신건강에 대한 스트레스와 우울감의 매개효과 분석과 같은 심층적인 연구와, 청소년의 수면 제한 요소를 줄일 수 있는 정책마련이 필요하다.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.407-422
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• 2014

Objective: The purpose of the study is to develop quantitative usability evaluation criteria for senior-friendly autonomous transportation robot. Background: The Republic of Korea has become the most rapidly aging society, and is anticipated to enter the post-aged society in 2026. To raise the quality of life of a senior with limited mobility and to reduce the burden of caregivers, many high-tech assistive products with information technologies are developed nowadays. The senior-friendly autonomous transportation robot is one person robot vehicle to move a senior to the destination for hospitals, nursing homes or silver town complex. With built-in navigation system and environmental monitoring censors, it automatically seeks the path to the destination and avoids collision to obstacles and pedestrians on the way. Due to the early stage of the product, few usability studies in this field have been done, mostly on general service robots to assist seniors, power wheelchairs and delivery robots. ISO and KS standards for the service robots are focused on safety. Method: Based on the reference usability index, the early draft of the usability evaluation questionnaires was developed. After small group tests and interviews, the experts modified the initial draft to the Usability Evaluation Criteria for Senior-Friendly Autonomous Transportation Robot (UEC-SFATR). Result: UEC-SFATR consisted of 4 subscales - Safety, Controllability, Efficiency and Satisfaction. All of the 4 subscales of UEC-SFATR were passed the reliability criteria by 4 groups of seniors, divided by gender and familiarity of smart-devices. Conclusion: UEC-SFATR covers wider area of user experiences of the SFATR and is a good measurement tool to help both the users and developers of the robot. Application: This study provides guide to the future product development and product competitiveness evaluation by quantifying user experiences for the SFATR.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.361-366
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of high voltage pulsed current (HVPC) stimulation on proliferative activities of basal keratinocytes by measured nucleolar organizer region (NOR) expression and thickness of spinous layer in aged rat skin. Fifty-one weeks old twelve male Sprague-Dawley rats (300∼350g) were divided into control and HVPC stimulation groups. Each animal's hair on the back were removed. The HVPC stimulation group received an negative monophasic twin peak pulsed current stimulation with 50 V, while the control group was given the same treatment without electricity. The rats were sacrificed after 3 weeks. The biopsy specimens were fixed in formalin, embedded in paraffin and stained with hematoxyline-eosin and silver nitrate. The thickness of basal to granular layer of the epidennis were measured using a light microscope and computerized image analysis system. The number of argyrophilic nucleolar organizer region (AgNOR) were counted using a light microscope and computerized image analysis system and calculated as the mean number of AgNOR per nucleus in the basal keratinocyte. By using a Student's t-test, an increase in the thickness of basal-spinous layer (P<0.001) of epidermis can be observed in HVPC stimulation rats as compared with the control rats, whereas the thickness of the granular layer is not affected. A Student's t-test showed a significantly higher mean NOR number per nucleus of the basal keratinocyte in the HVPC stimulation rats than control rats (P<0.001). There was significantly positive correlation between the NOR number and the thickness of basal-spinous layer (r=0.80, P<0.05). These results suggest that the HVPC stimulation may increase the thickness of spinous layer in the epidennis due to increased proliferative activities of basal keratinocytes in epidennis in aged rat skin.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.269-274
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• 2016

The potency of influenza vaccine is determined based on its hemagglutinin (HA) content. In general, single radial immunodiffusion (SRID) assay has been utilized as the standard method to measure HA content. However, preparation of reagents for SRID such as antigen and antibody takes approximately 2~3 months, which causes delays in the development of influenza vaccine. Therefore, quantification of HA content by other alternative methods is required. In this study, we measured HA contents of H1N1 antigen and H1N1 influenza vaccine by reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) methods. The presence of HA1 and HA2 was investigated by silver staining and Western blot assay. In addition, accuracy and repeatability of HA measurement by RP-HPLC were evaluated. Comparison of HA concentration by SRID and RP-HPLC revealed a precise correlation between the two methods. Our results suggest that RP-HPLC assay can replace SRID in the event of a pandemic flu outbreak for rapid vaccine development.

• 대한감각통합치료학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.31-40
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• 2007

Objective: The purpose of this study was to get the cognitive reaction time according to the intensity of auditory stimuli in older people and to differentiate the cognitive reaction time between older people and adults. Method: 49 subjects consisted of 32 older people and 17 adults. Cognitive reaction time was assessed with Simple Auditory Reaction of Foundation I in PSS CogReHab. Analysis of the data was done by using independent t-test. Results: The results were as follows: 1. There was a significant difference of the mean of cognitive reaction time to the intensity of auditory stimuli. 2. There was no significant difference from older people regardless of sexual distinction in mean of cognitive reaction time. However, there was a significant difference of the mean of cognitive reaction time in adults. 3. There was a significant difference between older people who got a job or not in 90 dB of auditory stimuli. 4. The mean of cognitive reaction time to the intensity of auditory stimuli in older people was slower than adults. There was a significant difference of the mean of cognitive reaction time between older people and adults in 70 dB of auditory stimuli. 5. The mean of cognitive reaction time to the intensity of auditory stimuli in older people did not have the significant difference in scholastic ability. Conclusions: The results of the study showed slowing of the cognitive reaction time in auditory stimuli to aging in older people. Therefore, applying silver industry and development of equipment for older people may maintain independent life.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.214-234
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• 1995

The purpose of this work was to study the compatibility of several commercially available dentin adhesives with composite resins. In this study, V-shaped cavity preparations were created on both buccal and lingual surfaces of 60 extracted human premolars($3mm{\times}3mm{\times}2mm$ deep). Preparations were located such that the occlusal margins were on the enamel and the gingival margins were on the cementum(1mm below the CEJ). These specimens were randomly divided into three equal groups. Three dentin adhesives(Scotchbond Multi-Purpose, All Bond 2, Prisma Universal Bond 3)were applied to the cavity in accordance with each manufacturer's instructions. The teeth in each group were restored with four composite resins(Silux plus, Z100, Bisfil, Prisma TPH) in three increments, with each increment light-cured for 40 seconds. All specimens were exposed to 500 cycles of thermal stress. Specimens then placed in a silver nitrate solution(50% by weight) and stored in darkness for 24 hours. They were then immersed for 6 hours in photographic developing solution under flourescent light. Specimens were sectioned buccolingually through the center of the restoration and observed under a binocular stereoscope. To compare the marginal leakage, ANOVA and Dunkan's multiple range tests were used in analysis. Selected samples were further studied using scanning electron microscopy(XL20, Philips, The Netherlands). The results were as follows. 1. In all groups, the enamel margin showed significantly less leakage than the cementum margin. 2. No statistically significant differences were found in microleakage when composite resins were used with their proprietary dentin adhesives. 3. In comparison between dentin adhesives, Prisma Universal Bond 3 showed significantly less leakage at the enamel margin and Scotch bond multi-purpose showed significantly less leakage at the cementum margin than the other groups. 4. In comparison between composite resins, Silux Plus showed significantly more leakage than other groups at the enamel margin and no statistically significant differences were found in microleakage at the cementum margin. 5. According to the backscattered scanning electron microscope, microleakage occurred via gaps at the dentin adhesives/dentin interface.