• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.213-216
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• 2002

Food consumption and conversion efficiency of new bivoltine hybrids (CSR2$\times$CSR4 and CSR2$\times$CSR5) were studied under restricted feeding levels (10, 20 and 30% less quantity of mulberry leaves). The data were compared with a control fed with standard quantum of feed as per the recommendation. The nutritional indices parameters i. e. ingests, digesta, approximate digestibility (%) and reference ratio were recorded higher in control batches compared to less feed batches while nutritional efficiency parameters i. e., ECI and ECD to cocoon and shell were recorded significantly higher in restricted feeding level batches. This increase is attributed due to the physiological adaptation under nutritional stress condition.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2005

Feed conversion efficiency contributes directly or indirectly on the cost benefit ratio of silkworm rearing and is considered to be an important physiological criterion for evaluating the superiority of silkworm breeds/hybrids. Food intake, assimilation and conversion of indigenous as well as exotic silkworm races are well studied by many researchers. In this review, an attempt has been made to consolidate works on feed conversion aspects of indigenous and exotic silkworm races. The paper also deals with the effect of various factors viz., nutritional, environmental and feeding on food assimilation and conversion parameters of mulberry silkworm.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.37-43
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• 2022

Silkworm food has been found to be effective for dementia, liver function, lowering blood sugar, and possesses antioxidant properties, which has been attracting attention as a health functional food. In this study, methods for enhancing the functionality of silkworms were explored and the production potential of high-functional silkworms was analyzed. For enhancing antioxidant activity, ascorbic acid, caffeic acid, laminarin, and glutathione were injected or fed to 5th instar silkworms, and the antioxidant activity of silkworm extract was comparatively analyzed. There was no significant change in polyphenol and flavonoid content, but it was confirmed that 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging ability, superoxide dismutase-like activity, and reducing power were slightly increased after injection of ascorbic acid, caffeic acid, and glutathione. To confirm the increase in antioxidant efficacy through feeding, an inducer was mixed with sucrose and sprayed on mulberry leaves. As a result, the growth rate of silkworms improved and all indicators of antioxidant activity were improved in silkworms fed with ascorbic acid and glutathione. Considering these results, producing high-functional silkworms was deemed possible.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.27-32
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• 1995

Studies were carried out to report breeding procedure and characteristics of Fb, a strain of silkworm with abnormal food habit polyphagous. Selection was continued up to the 14th generation toward higher incidence of cabbage leaves feeding variants. In the autumn of 1992(7th generation), selected strain were subjected to severe selection by feeding them on artificial diet that did not contain mulberry leaf powder. The results were clearly positive and reached to higher than 95% of cabbage feeding in the 14th generation. This strain was first discovered by feeding cabbage leaves, but later they were observed to eat some kind of plants like lettuce, Chinese cabbage, radish, beet, apple, persimmon, pear, etc. As described above the procedure, cabbage feeding trait was clearly heritable. The strain responsible for this traits was named Fb.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.75-78
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• 2003

This study was carried out to investigate the mineral content of the feces of the $5^th$ instar larvae in a few silkworm species such as a parent domestic silkworm (Jam134), a hybrid (Kumok-jam), the Japanese oak silkworm, and the Chinese oak silkworm. The major minerals of all silkworms throughout all $5^th$ instar larval period are K, P, Mg and Ca, and the result is consistent with the previous study of the mineral content in the mulberry leaves. Although the calcium content decreased sharply at $7^th$ day of the $5^th$ instar, the crude protein content significantly increased at the same age in both domestic silkworms, suggesting a direct relationship between feeding behavior of the silkworms at the larval period and mineral/protein contents. However, this trend was not observed in both oak silkworms. In the comparison of the mineral content among silkworm species, two domestic silkworms were significantly higher in the calcium content compared with two oak silkworms, and the hybrid Kumok-jam was further higher significantly than the feces of parental Jam 143. Excluding the calcium content, overall no significant content variation in other minerals was observed among four silkworm species studied in this study.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.186-188
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• 1994

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.34-38
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• 2019

In this study, we investigated the effect of silkworm, and its by-products on exercise endurance, muscle mass, and fatigue recovery using ICR mice model. Powders of silkworm, pupae, dongchunghacho, and silk powder were suspended in water and feed to mice for 2 weeks. The forced swimming time was increased by 4.3, 4.1 and 2.8 seconds after silkworm, pupae, and dongchughacho administration compared to DW fed group. Increases in exercise ability were achieved by difference mechanism according to feeding materials. Pupae increased muscle mass by 129% compared with the control group which may effect on elongation of swimming time. Dongchunghacho improved the plasma concentrations of fatigue markers such as creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and D-lactate. Silkworm administration showed dual effect, the muscle mass induction (114% vs. control) and anti-fatigue (plasma creatinine, BUN, and D-lactate were 63, 75, and 78% vs. con) effect which contributed most elongated swimming time. In conclusion, silkworm and its by-products including pupae and dongchunghacho with the predominant protein and bioactive components improved muscle mass and showed anti-fatigue effect which could promote exercise performance ability.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.93-100
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• 1974

It is reported that the useful larval characteristics and cocoon quality is damaged when the silkworm is fed on the insecticides contaminated mulberry leaf. The results obtained are as follow： 1) Mortality is growing when the silkworm is fed with the leaf treated with 1,000 folds insecticides and left for 25 days. 2) There are differences in the effects on the useful larval characteristics according to the insecticides, 3) Hernial larvae are brought about when the silkworm is fed with lebaycid stained leaf. 4) Malformed cocoon and abnormal silk is caused by the insecticide stained leaf feeding.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.2
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• pp.33-39
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• 1962

The results for the investigation of the various aromatic plants applied diets on silkworm raising from spring to autumn crops are found as followings. 1. There was no difference between the chemical menthol solution (1.0%) enriched diet and the normal diet for silkworm physiology. Neither injury nor advantage was obtained from the investigation. 2. It was found that there was no danger to use the mulberry leaves as silkworm diet by planting Mentha arvensis L. in the vacansy of mulberry farm, and no worse effect was found by rubbing the leaves of Mentha arvensis L. to the surface of mulberry leaves before feeding to silkworm. 3. For the investigation due to Perilla Ocymoides var application in stead of menthol plant ascribed in Paragraph (2) was obtained the same result. 4. As a conclusion of the study, the plantation of the both aromatical plants with mulberry trees is harmless for silkworm growing even though farmers worry about these to plant together with mulberry tree on mulberry farm.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.243-248
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• 2009

The Larval critical weight is the minimal mass at which further growth in not necessary for a normal time course to pupation. Larval critical weight (Lcw), pupal critical weight (Pcw) and adult critical weight (Acw) of different breeds of Bombyx mori L. were determined through starvation (food deprivation). The Lcw was found to be about 938.46, 2397.26, 2283.57 and 2220.97 mg in males and 1118.15, 2681.04, 2604.9 and 2455.88 mg in females of the multivoltine breed (Nistari), Bivoltine breeds (P5 & NB18) and their hybrid (P5$\times$NB18) respectively. Bivoltine breed P5 took more time (3.35 days) followed by NB18 (3.13 days) & P5$\times$NB18 (3.02 days) to attain larval critical weight (In $5^{th}$ Instar) than the multivoltine breed Nistari (2.42 days). Decrease in weight from larval maximal weight to pupal weight and to adult weight was also observed more in multivoltine than bivoltines, which may be due to more latent feeding period in bivoltines. Since Lcw is a stable character and independent of environment, it could be utilized for characterization of silkworm breeds to assess the quality of an insect.