• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.135-138
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• 2005

Two pairs of DNA primers were designed for the detection of the Zhenjiang (China) strain of Bombyx mori densonucleosis virus (BmDNV-Z). These primers were designed from the nucleotide sequence of major structural protein gene (putative VD1-ORF2). PCR amplification was attempted from different issues (including silk gland, blood, skin and midgut) and feces of the silkworm which infected wit BmDNV-Z were amplified by PCR. Both of the primers gave expected size of in the DNA bands from midgut and feces, but not in the DNA of silk gland, blood and skin. The two bands were sequenced, and their sequence were same as the sequence designed for. BmDNV-Z could be successfully detected in single silkworm after it was infected for 12 hrs, and could not be detected before 9 hrs after infected.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.791-803
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• 2012

This study intends to identify applicability of natural dye extracted from Aplysia kurodai, aiming to standardization of Aplysia kurodai natural dyeing through scientific validation by analyzing characteristics of pigment elements to review dyeability, colorfastness and antibacterial activity. Such material as silk fabrics that is animal fiber were used for this purpose, and derived following summarized results. UV/VIS spectrum analysis on the pigment of Aplysia kurodai that was extracted from purple gland showed that maximum absorbtion was near 540 nm. The silk fabric optimal dyeing can be achieved at a temperature of $55^{\circ}C$ with a colorant concentration of 5%. Dyed at $55^{\circ}C$ with interval of 10~90 minutes for identifying dye uptake over time to observed slow increase of dye uptake over time, and equilibrium occurred at 50 minutes. For dye uptake according to pH, while dye uptake was superior in acidity, it decreased rapidly in a base after pH 7. For color changes according to pH variation, it was reddish purple in acidity and was purplish red in a base. For color changes according to mordanting method, more clear color change had been obtained when process with aluminium pre-mordanting than non-mordanting and post-mordanting. The colorfastness to light, perspiration and washing was 1, 4~5, and 3~4 ratings respectively. The silk fabric dyed with Aplysia kurodai demonstrated excellent antimicrobial activity to Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The Aplysia kurodai can be used as a new colorant for the natural dyeing of silk.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.71-76
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• 2017

The cocoon's color of silkworm, Bombyx mori L. is usually white. But some are yellow, flesh and green colors because of modified characteristics. The yellow and flesh cocoons depend on carotenoid pigments, green cocoons are determined by flavonoid pigments. The cocoon's color is affected by the genes controlling penetration process from midgut to coelom and silk gland. Y (Yellow blood, 2-25.6) and I (Yellow-inhibitor, 9-16.2) genes are involved in the penetration process of carotenoid pigments from midgut to coelom, C (Outer-layer yellow cocoon, 12-7.2) and F (Flesh, 6-13.6) genes from coelom to silk gland. Therefore, the carotenoid cocoon's color depends on the genotype Y, I, C and F genes and their combination. Among them, C gene is sympathetic gene, which are known as C, CI and CD. C (Outer-layer yellow cocoon) genes make yellow cocoons on outer-layer and white cocoons on inter-layer, and CI (Inner-layer yellow cocoon) genes do yellow cocoons on inter-layer and dilute yellow cocoons on outer-layer. CD gene is known as making dilute yellow cocoons all layer. In this study, we have checked the dominance relation of C sympathetic genes among carotenoid genes for color cocoons by using strains related to the genes for color cocoons and investigated the aspect that pigments were penetrated in silk gland by action of each gene.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.327-333
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• 2002

Among the silk glands in the black widow spider Latrodectus mactans, the ampullate one is the most predominant gland in both sexes, and is com-posed of three functional parts - excretory duct, storage ampulla and convoluted tail regions. This experiment was performed using mechanical pulling stimulation with electric motor equipment to reveal a correlation between silk usage and silk producing system in this poisonous spider. The mature secretory products in glandular epithelium are closely packed and appear as electron-opaque spherical vesicles. A part of the vesicles with fine fibrillar paracrystalline texture seems to store some proteins which will function at the time of final assembly into fibrils. Most of the secretory silk products which originated from the rough endoplasmic reticula of the glandular epithelial cells are grown by fusion with surrounding small vesi-cles. However, the Golgi complex does not seem to play an important role in this process of secretion. According to progressive maturation of secre-tory silk product, these granules are progressively filled with a fine fibrillar material, and thus appear much more electron-dense than those of earlier states. When the secretory product is extruded from the glandular cavity, the epithelium is rapidly changed to a thinner layer of tall columnar cells with less definitive cell membranes. After extruding there ave a few secre-tory droplets within these cells, thus causing this region to stain much lighter.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.470-473
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• 2008

This study examined the enzymatic digestion, average molecular weight distribution and structural changes of Bombyx mori silk gland fibroin using gel penneation chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance methods. The pure-separation of calcium chloride-treated fibroin hydrolysates was carried out by gel filtration chromatography. Also, the effects of fibroin's enzymatic hydrolysis were investigated using an edible enzyme. The average molecular weight of three hydrolysate samples (silk gland fibroin (SF), SF-calcium chloride (SFC), and SFC-enzyme) were measured to compare their characteristics. The molecular weights of SF, SFC, and SFC-enzyme were approximately 108,000, 65,000, and 1,000 Da, respectively. Finally, we determined the structural characteristic changes of the different enzymatically digested samples by $^{13}C$ nuclear magnetic resonance methods. For the enzymatically digested fibroin, the glycine $^{13}C^{\alpha}$ resonance indicated that the amino acid was dramatically changed and/or separated out; however, this was not shown for the normal Bombyx mori silk gland fibroin.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.539-549
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• 1998

The silk glands of the spiders are of several types. Among the several types of spider's silk glands, the principal fibers used in constructing the eggcase are products of the tubuliform glands (TBG), which are present only in females. Development of these glands parallels maturations of the ovaries and fat bodies. In order to understand the mechanism of eggcase-silk production, this paper has examined the fine structural changes of the TBG during the period of egg maturation in the garden spider, Argiope aurentia. Between the two kinds of secretory granules observed in the glandular epithelium of the mature TBG, the electron-dense granules which have paracrystalline structure are revealed to be the precursors of the eggcase silk fibers. During the production of eggcase, rapid release of the secretory product occurs at apical surface by the mechanism of apocrine secretion. Moreover, secondary lysosomes appear due to the rapid disorganization of cellular components during the eggcase formation. Examinations of formed fibers indicate a multicomponent internal structure, and electron micrographs reveal each fiber contains numerous electron lucent fibrils embedded in an amorphous electron dense matrix. The secretory precursors are produced as separated vesicles via well-oriented rER, and no Golgi complex has been found in the glandular epithelial cells.

• Proceedings of the Zoological Society Korea Conference
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• 1998.10b
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• pp.217.1-217
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• 1998

No Abstract, See Full Text

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Entomolohy Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.145-145
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• 2002

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Sericultural Science Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.138-138
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• 2002

No Abstract, See Full Text

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Sericultural Science Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.52-52
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• 2000

No Abstract.See Full-text