• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.233-259
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• 2020

Using bonded fiber-reinforced polymer laminates for strengthening wooden structural members has been shown to be an effective and economical method. In this research, properties of suitable composite materials (sika wrap), adhesives and two ways of strengthening beams exposed to bending moment are presented. Passive or slack reinforcement is one way of strengthening. The most effective way of such a strengthening was to place reinforcement laminates in the stretched part of the wooden beam (lower part in our case), in order to investigate the effectiveness of externally bonding FRP to their soffits. The model is based on equilibrium and deformations compatibility requirements in and all parts of the strengthened beam, i.e., the wooden beam, the sika wrap composite plate and the adhesive layer. The theoretical predictions are compared with other existing solutions. This research is helpful for the understanding on mechanical behaviour of the interface and design of the composite-wooden hybrid structures. The results showed that the use of the new strengthening system enhances the performance of the wooden beam when compared with the traditional strengthening system.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.748-753
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• 2007

Serum biochemical values were measured in blood samples collected from 8 fasted stags from both jugular and femoral veins at 18-day intervals during antler growth. Samples were analyzed for blood substrate, enzyme activity values, minerals and electrolyte. There were no significant differences in total protein, albumin, urea, creatinine, triglyceride, glucose or cholesterol concentration between veins or sampling dates. However, total-bilirubin concentration in the jugular vein on the casting date was three times higher than on the other sampling dates (p<0.05). There were no significant differences in alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase with progressing antler growth. The highest level of alkaline phosphatase concentration was on day 55 after casting. There were no significant differences in inorganic phosphorus, sodium and chloride concentration between jugular and femoral samples. Calcium concentration was significantly higher in the femoral vein on the cutting date (55 day) than in the jugular vein (p<0.05). There were few changes in serum biochemical values. However, some electrolytes and minerals had differences during antler growth. It is suggested that despite such a big event as antler growth, blood biochemical values are not variable if feeding conditions are consistently maintained as was the case in this study.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.943-948
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• 2006

This study carried out to investigate the effect of cutting stimulation on time of cutting, yield and length of antler in Sika deer. There was no significance between surgical stimulation and length of antler, but length was the longest in one side cutting group and the shortest in both side cutting group. Development of point was increased as the number of wounds in the second year (P<0.05). Time of casting was 2 weeks earlier in one side cutting group (P<0.05) than in both sides cutting group. Yields of velvet antler were 148±23g when pedicle was not cut, and 126±61g, 179±63g, 170g, and 48±25g when pedicle was cut by 0.3cm, 0.4cm, 0.5cm and 0.6cm thickness, respectively. In case of 0.6cm, yield was significantly smaller than others (P<0.05). The most desirable thickness of pedicle cut was 0.4～0.5mm. Yield of antler was increased as the size of wound in the first year, and 588, 790 and 657g in control, one-cut and both-cut, respectively. Yields of antler in one-cut is significantly high (P<0.05).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.28 no.9
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• pp.1303-1308
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• 2015

This study was conducted to investigate changes in blood enzyme parameters and to evaluate the relationship between insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), antler growth and body weight during the antler growth of sika deer (Cervus nippon). Serum enzyme activity and IGF-1 concentrations were measured in blood samples collected from the jugular and femoral veins at regular intervals during the antler growth period. Blood samples were taken in the morning from fasted stags (n = 12) which were healthy and showed no clinical signs of disease. Alfalfa was available ad libitum and concentrates were given at 1% of body weight to all stags. The experimental diet was provided at 9 am with water available at all times. There were no significant differences in alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase during antler growth, but alkaline phosphatase concentrations increased with antler growth progression, and the highest alkaline phosphatase concentration was obtained 55 days after antler casting. Serum IGF-1 concentrations measured from blood samples taken from the jugular vein during antler growth, determined that levels of IGF-1 was associated with body weight and antler growth patterns. Serum IGF-1 concentrations were higher at the antler cutting date than other sampling dates. Antler length increased significantly during antler growth (p<0.001), and there was a similar trend to between right and left beams. Body weight increased with antler growth but was not significant. Consequently it appeared that serum alkaline phosphatase concentration was related to antler growth and both antler growth and body weight were associated positively with IGF-1 concentrations during antler growth.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.115-121
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• 2006

This study carried out to investigate the effect of cutting stimulation on time of cutting, yield and length of antler in Sika deer. There was no significance between surgical stimulation and length of antler, but length was the longest in one side cutting group and the shortest in both side cutting group. Development of point was increased as the number of wounds in the second year (P<0.05). Time of casting was 2 weeks earlier in one side cutting group (P<0.05) than in both sides cutting group. Yields of antler were $148{\pm}23g$ when pedicle was not cut, and $126{\pm}61g$, $179{\pm}63g$, 170g, and $48{\pm}25g$ when pedicle was cut by 0.3cm, 0.4cm, 0.5cm and 0.6cm, respectively. The most desirable thickness of pedicle cut was 0.4-0.5mm. Yield of antler was increased as the size of wound in the first year, and 588, 790 and 657g in control, one-cut and both-cut, respectively. Yields of antler in one-cut is significantly high (P<0.05).

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.899-904
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• 2005

The study was conducted to investigate the effects of physical stimulus on casting day of antler, velvet antler yield, length of velvet antler in Sika deer(Cervus nippon). Eigthen(18) stags were assigned into the treatment with six(6) stags for treatment. Results revealed that at the start of the velvet antler growth, compulsorily casting both pedicles group was 15 days later at first cycle but 11-14 days earlier at the second cycle than control group(P<0.05). The yields of velvet antler in control group, casting only left pedicle group and the both pedicle group were 775g, 835g and 757g at the first cycle and 1,004g, 1,194g and 998g at the second cycle, respectively. The average length of antler in control group, casting only left pedicle group and both pedicle group were 25.8cm, 27.4cm and 31.5cm, respectively. The average length of antler of the casting only left pedicle group and that of the both pedicle group showed 1.6cm and 5.7cm in first cycle and 2.7cm and 2.4cm in second cycle longer than that of control group(P<0.05). Results of the study suggest the possibility of controlling velvet antler producing point through compulsory casting method.

• Bulletin of the Korean Space Science Society
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• 1999.09a
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• pp.85-85
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• 1999

No Abstract, See Full Text

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.149-151
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• 1983

Prednisolone acetate was administered in deers sedated with xylazine hydrochloride. Sleeping time in deers given prednisolone after xylazine sedation was shortened a little in Red deers, approximately one half in Elk and Sika deers comparing with deers sedated with xylazine alone. It was proved that prednisolone acetate shortened the recovery time of deers sedated with xylazine hydrochloride.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.85-89
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• 1982

Xylazine and ketamine hydrochloride were given intramusculary to 32 deers (sika deer 7, red deer 11, elk 6, pere david deer 3, and reindeer 5). Ketamine hydrochloride was injected 30 minutes after administration of xylazine. Sedative action of combined anesthesia of xylazine and ketamine hydrochloride was similar to the sedative effects of xylazine alone. The recovery from sedation of combined anesthesia was remarkably fast comparing with xylazine alone.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.35 no.9
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• pp.1035-1040
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• 2011

This research was performed on a microfilter made of a hybrid material (ceramic + metal) that was coated with ceramics on the metal-filter surface by using the thermal spray method. The ceramic powders used were $Al_2O_3+40TiO_2$ powder with a particle size of $20{\mu}m$ and $Al_2O_3$ (98%+)powder with a particle size of $45{\mu}m$. The metal filters were filter-grade $20{\mu}m$, $30{\mu}m$, and $50{\mu}m$ sintered metal powder filters (SIKA-R 20 IS, 30 IS, 50 IS; Sinter Metals Filters) and filter-grade $75{\mu}m$ sintered mesh filter with five layers. Ceramic-coated filters that were coated using the thermal spray method had a great influence on powder material, particle size, and coating thickness. However, these filters showed a fine performance when used as micro-filters.