• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.697-706
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of the phytoncides on serum cortisol level, vital signs and life stress of college students. Methods: This study was nonequivalent control group non-synchronized design. The subjects consisted of 60(control group: 28, experimental group: 32). The phytoncides mixed the pine(pinus sylvestris) oil with the cypress(cupressus sempervirens) oil in the same rate. In the experiment, it was put in an aroma-necklace bottle and inhaled 3 times per day(9AM, at noon, before going to bed) for 2 weeks. The data were analyzed by the SPSS version 12.0 program. Results: In the experimental group systolic BP(F=15.603, p=.000), diastolic BP(F=29.489, p=.000) and serum cortisol level(F=4.968, p=.000) were significantly decreased. Conclusion: The phytoncides inhalation is a partly help to reduce college students' life stress. The phytoncides is the incense of the familial tree. We recommended to examine what differences between the green shower and the phytoncides inhalation for the stress reduction.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Costume Conference
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• 2001.08a
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• pp.59-61
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• 2001

Along with the development of culture, dress of the Chinese people has also evolved over the last several thousand years, transcending its original functions of covering and protecting the body. As a result it has risen to become a complicated system of symbols full of intricate meanings. According to de Saussure's theory of "signs," signs are represented by the elements signified (meaning) (referent) and signifiant (sound) (exponent). "Phoenix crowns" were the headpieces most highly esteemed by women in ancient China. Actually, the name "phoenix crown" points to the fact that the headpiece is adorned with a phoenix design. The history and symbolism of the phoenix crown's use as a headpiece in Chinese weddings spans 1200 years in all, originating in the Qin Dynasty (241-210 BC) as a phoenix hairpin, evolving into the phoenix crown during the Song Dynasty (960-1276 AD), and continuing through the Ming and Qing Dynasties (1644-1911 AD), and the modem republic. It is not simply an ornamental headpiece, but instead represents the thousands of years or rich inner meaning the Chinese attribute to "dragons" and "phoenixes." This paper depicts the glorious past of phoenix crowns, using the metaphor and metonymy theories of semiology and semantics, and through the cross-verification of literature research archeological findings and reports, and old Chinese wedding photographs, in order to examine the inherent meanings of the phoenix crown in the Chinese culture.nings of the phoenix crown in the Chinese culture.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.123-135
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• 2013

Exposure to manganese (Mn) is associated with neurobehavioral effects. There is disagreement on whether commonly occurring exposures in welding, ferroalloy, and other industrial processes produce neurologically significant neurobehavioral changes representing parkinsonism. A reviewof methodological issues in the human epidemiological literature onMnidentified: (1) studies focused on idiopathic Parkinson disease without considering manganism, a parkinsonian syndrome; (2) studies with healthy worker effect bias; (3) studies with problematic statistical modeling; and (4) studies arising from case series derived from litigation. Investigations with adequate study design and exposure assessment revealed consistent neurobehavioral effects and attributable subclinical and clinical signs and symptoms of impairment. Twenty-eight studies show an exposure-response relationship between Mn and neurobehavioral effects, including 11 with continuous exposure metrics and six with three or four levels of contrasted exposure. The effects of sustained low-concentration exposures to Mn are consistent with the manifestations of early manganism, i.e., consistent with parkinsonism. This is compelling evidence thatMnis a neurotoxic chemical and there is good evidence that Mn exposures far below the current US standard of $5.0mg/m^3$ are causing impairment.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.63-70
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was done to examine the effects of aroma inhalation therapy on pain post tonsillectomy. Method: A non-equivalent control group pre- and post-test design was used. The research instruments used in this study were a pain perception measurement and vital signs (systolic & diastolic blood pressure and pulse rate levels). Twenty-five patients in the experimental group went through aroma inhalation therapy for ten minutes after the tonsillectomy. The aroma inhalation therapy used was a blended oil, a mixture of Lavender and Loman chamomile in the ratio of 2:1. The 25 patients in the control group did not receive the therapy. Before and after the experiment, both groups were tested for pain (pain perception and vital signs). Collected data were processed with the SPSS WIN. Ver. 14.0 program and analyzed using frequencies, percentages, ${\chi}^2$-test, Fisher's exact test, t-test and ANCOVA. Results: Pain perception of patients was not significantly reduced. However systolic and diastolic blood pressure and pulse rate were significantly reduced. Conclusion: The results of the study indicate that aroma inhalation is a partially effective nursing intervention to reduce the post-operative tonsillectomy pain.

• Journal of Wellbeing Management and Applied Psychology
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.25-32
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• 2023

Purpose: This study is to improve awareness of MSDS in order to prevent university accidents and protect university laboratory workers. In order to improve awareness, measures to increase accessibility through auxiliary means (warning signs, One Page Sheet MSDS, etc) and ways to strengthen safety training (improvement and strengthen MSDS training). Research design, data and methodology: A questionnaire survey was adopted as a research method for this study. Question items were selected, modified, and supplemented by referring to the previous paper. Results: As a result of the survey, MSDS found that it was difficult to find the information they wanted and that there were many technical terms and limitations in using it. In addition, MSDS training is underway, but few university laboratory workers felt that training was helping. This shows that the effectiveness of training is virtually insignificant. Therefore, it seems that improvement measures are needed to solve this. Conclusions: One Sheet MSDS, an effective way for university laboratory workers to communicate information, and MSDS information should be provided with warning signs with large phrases and good visibility. In addition, this study proposes a One Sheet MSDS that prioritizes important MSDS items over all items in the MSDS, and in the field of education, several improvements are proposed, such as "To prevent problems and answers from being shared on the Internet" and "To improve the difficulty of checking the online curriculum".

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.308-316
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to analyze the characteristics of exterior look and interior space of Boutique hotels in Prague and to identify how the tradition and the modern styles were integrated in each element. The subjects of this study were 12 tradition and modern style integrated hotels in Prague. From the collected data, the followings were investigated; what are traditional and modern elements, how they are integrated, and what the ratio of the tradition and the modern style is. The results are as follows. First, regarding the level of integration of tradition and modernity in Boutique hotels in Prague, exterior look showed conservativeness and interior space showed innovation. Second, in the conservative combination of exterior look, the traditional facade made conflicts with the modernity of the signage but the expression was limited to the modern expression of façade and signage maintaining the traditional form. Facades were modernized with the limitation such as not to interfere its traditional atmosphere and signs were designed to be compatible with facade. Third, in the innovative integration between the traditional and the modern of interior lobby, they partially maintained traditional elements or reinterpreted the traditional elements in modern terms in ceiling, walls, columns and windows and used modern expressions in most of ornamental elements.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.181-189
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• 2006

This study analyzes the effects of the curvature friction coefficient, the wobble friction coefficient, and the increased strength of concrete, reinforced tendon on optimum de signs by using the optimum-design program, to minimize the cost of a PSC box girder bridge using the full staging method. The objective of this study is to find a proper tendon for the friction coefficient, and thereafter, to indicate the direction of the study development about tendons and to indicate the direction of a study on the increased strength of used materials. This program used the SUMT procedure and Kavlie's extended-penalty function to allow infeasible design points in the process. Powel's direct method was used in searching design points, and the gradient approximate method was used to reduce the design hours.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.76-89
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• 2011

The first purpose of this paper is to design brand logo sign analysis frame, 'SCoL'(Analysis frame of signification and communication for the brand logo). It has semiotic view and communication function. And the second is to prove propriety of the suggested frame by application to social media brand logos. The SCoL frame is based on 4 features of logo sigh to have analytic consistency. Also, it covers whole semiological process with index, icon, symbol as signification understanding and reach communication step with Jakobson's theory. As the results, the findings are follow; The SCoL frame can be useful to get comprehensive semiotic understandings and communication functions about logo signs. The social media brands build their own meaning area with logo signs and they depend on different communication function.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.02b
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• pp.227-232
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• 2006

스마트 의류의 발달은 pc 를 분산, 부착한 웨어러블 컴퓨터의 연구로부터 진행되어 왔으며, 1990 년대 후반 이후 착용자 감성을 고려해 더욱 편안하며, 의복과 유사한 외관을 디자인 하려는 노력이 전개되고 있다. 스마트 의류는 엔터테인먼트, 비즈니스, 스포츠, 의료 분야에 적용 등 다양한 애플리케이션으로 연구, 개발되고 있으며, 최근 들어서는 생체신호 센서를 이용한 건강관리용 스마트 의류의 연구가 주목 받고 있다. 건강에 대한 관심과 라이프 스타일의 변화, 고령화 사회의 예상으로 인해 건강복지에 대한 필요성이 증가하는 최근 트렌드를 볼 때, 건강 관리용의 스마트 의류의 수요는 증가될 것으로 예상된다. 이에 본 연구에서는 기본적인 생체신호 뿐 아니라 심장 질환, 호흡기 질환을 측정할 수 있는 건강 개념의 스마트 의류 디자인을 개발하였다. 이 스마트 의류는 기존의 의복의 형태와 착용감은 그대로 유지하면서 의복 착장 시 생체 신호를 전송, 모니터링 할 수 있도록 설계하였다. 개발된 의복은 심전도, 체온 센서로 구성되어 있으며, 이를 통해 심전도, 호흡량, 맥박, 체온 등의 생체신호를 얻을 수 있다. 디자인 프로토타입의 기기 위치 선정은 선행 연구에서 제시한 '착용성 향상을 위한 웨어러블 컴퓨터 디자인 지침' 을 기반으로 설계하여 착장 시 기기로 인한 이물감이 느껴지지 않도록 하였으며 또한, 기기의 하중을 최소화 하였다. 의복의 디자인은 센서의 안정된 부착과 활동성, 센서의 정확한 측정을 고려하여 표피의 면적 변화를 고찰하여 디자인하였다. 이 스마트 의류는 노인, 건강 이상자, 통원 치료자에게 평상시의 건강을 체크 함으로써 보다 원활한 치료의 가능으로 의료 복지에 기여할 것으로 예상되며, 디자인 프로토타입의 개발을 통하여 센서기반 스마트 의류의 가능성을 제시했다는 점에서 이 연구의 의의가 있다.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.654-665
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to elucidate the effects of music therapy on the preoperative anxiety of surgerial patients. The research design was a nonequivalent control, group non-synch-ronized design. The data were collected during the period from January 4 to March 17, 1999 at C-University hospital in Seoul. The subjects were sixty patients who had surgery under general anesthesia and had undergone laparotomy. They were assigned to two groups, thirty to the experimental group and thirty to the control group. They also did not have any complication, were alert enough to be interviewed and agreed willingly to participate in this study. The tool of Trait Anxiety Inventory was used to measure trait-anxiety on all patients and the Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) was used to measure state-anxiety on all patients. And systolic and diastolic blood pressure, pulse rate, and blood sugar levels were collected a the day before surgery and the preoperative period. The experimental group received music therapy with self-selected music tapes after choosing from a Music Preference Questionnaire, while the control group didn't receive music therapy. Data were analyzed by ${\chi}^2$-test, t-test, paired t-test. The results of this study are summarized as follows: 1. The preoperative state anxiety of the experimental group was re-markably lower than that of the control group. 2. Decreasing rate in the vital signs of the experimental group was remarkably lower than that of the control group. 3. The preoperative blood sugar of the experimental group was remarkably lower than that of the control group. According to these results, Music Therapy can be regarded as an effective nursing intervention that relieves preoperative anxiety of surgical patients and helper stabilize vital signs. From this study, the following recommendations can be made: 1. In order to decrease surgical patient's preoperative anxiety, I suggest the nursing intervention should go side by side with music therapy.