• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.181-187
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• 1987

Copper inhibited PSII-mediated O2 evolution (H2OlongrightarrowDCIP, H2OlongrightarrowSiMo) but not PSImediated O2 uptake(DCIP. Asc.longrightarrowMV) in isolated Chinese cabbage chloroplasts. Copper toxicity on PSII-mediated O2 evolution was higher at alkaline condition than at acidic condition and was inhanced by light illumination after copper treatment. The increased toxicity by light illumination was not recovered by subsequent dark treatment. The inhibitory effect of copper on H2OlongrightarrowDCIP reaction was higher than that on H2OlongrightarrowSiMo reaction. This result suggests that there may be another inhibitory site of copper on PSII other than water oxidizing side of PSII.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.12-17
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• 2001

Recovery of nerve injury is conditioned by various factors including physical state, injured site, cause of injury, and neurorrhaphy Many researchers have reported on regeneration of nerve using end to side neurorrhaphy. The purpose of this study was to examine regeneration of nerve in various conditioned side to side neurorrhaphy. Total of 25 male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 220 to 250 gm were divided into five groups of five rats each. The group 1, sham group, composed of dissection only without nerve transaction. The group 2, control group, composed of nerve division only without neurorrhaphy or sural nerve graft. The group 3 composed of one segmental sural nerve graft between the tibial and peroneal nerve after division. Group 4 had two segment graft, and the group 5 with three segment graft, each segment being 6mm long and 5 mm apart. The side to side neurorrhaphy was performed between peroneal nerve and tibial nerve using segmental sural nerve graft in rats. We exposed the sciatic nerve, tibial nerve, peroneal nerve, and sural nerve on left side with prone position. The peroneal nerve was cut on the bifurcation site from tibial nerve and the side to side epineurial neurorrhaphy was performed between peroneal nerve and tibial nerve through 6 mm sural nerve segment graft with 11-0 nylon under operating microscope. The electromyography and the weight from ipsilateral tibialis anterior muscle was performed at one month after neurorrhaphy Peroneal and tibial nerve was examined at distal and proximal to the neurorrhaphy site by methylene blue stain under light microscope for histologic appearance. The number of nerve fibers were counted using the image analyzer. Statistically, both in electromyography and number of nerve fibers, the differences in values between the groups were significant.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.25-33
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• 2012

Armed helicopter is an integral part of armed forces, which conducts vital missions, such as anti-armor attack, close air support, escorting air assault operations, and reconnaissance. A typical cockpit arrangement of armed helicopters has been a tandem configuration. This is to reduce the frontal area, which in turn increases the forward speed as well as reduces the chance of being hit by enemy fires. However, many armed helicopters in the world are now being developed as a side-by-side configuration. Such configuration is quite different from the conventional cockpit arrangement in light of the crew communications and situational awareness. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to find the optimized combination of mission tasks among pilots in a side-by-side configuration cockpit by measuring the workload using the NASA Task Load Index method. The experimental results indicate that the workload of crew members differ as disparate tasks are being performed.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제17권10호
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• pp.791-796
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• 2009

An electrochemically and photochemically polymerizable monomer, 2-((2,3-dihydrothieno[3,4-b] [1,4]dioxin-2-yl)methoxy)ethyl methacrylate (EDOT-EMA), was explored for patterning of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) via side chain cross-linking. The polymer from EDOT-EMA was deposited electrochemically to produce polymeric EDOT (PEDOT-EMA), which was directly photo-patterned by UV light as the side EMA groups of PEDOT-EMA were polymerized to give cross-linked EMA (PEDOT-PEMA). Absorption and FTIR studies of the UV-exposed film (PEDOT-PEMA) indicated that the photo-patterning mainly originated from the photo cross-linking of the methacrylates in the side-chain. After irradiation of the film, the conductivity of the irradiated area decreased from $5.6{\times}10^{-3}$ S/cm to $7.2{\times}10^{-4}$ S/cm, possibly due to bending of the conductive PEDOT channel as a result of the side chain cross-linking. The patterned film was applied to a solid state electrochromic (EC) cell to obtain micro-patterned EC cells with lines up to 5 ${\mu}m$ wide.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2008년도 추계학술대회 논문집 Vol.21
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• pp.59-60
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• 2008

GaN-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with ZnO nanorod arrays on a planar indium tin oxide (ITO) transparent electrode were demonstrated. ZnO nanorods were grown into aqueous solution at low temperature of $90^{\circ}C$. Under 20 mA current injection, the light output efficiency of the LED with ZnO nanorod arrays on ITO was remarkably increased by about 40 % of magnitude compared to the conventional LED with only planar ITO. The enhancement of light output by the ZnO nanorod arrays is due to the formation of side walls and a rough surface resulting in multiple photon scattering at the LED surface.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.23-31
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• 2007

This study aims to evaluate the illuminance performance of sloped light guide with automated venetian blind systems. For the purpose, a mock-up model was constructed as a prototype of Korean office building with $12.0m{\times}7.3m{\times}3.7m$ ($w{\times}d{\times}h$) and south facing side-window mounted between the clerestory window($2.0m^2$) and the view window($5.6m^2$). The light guide of 1.28m deepth and $29^{\circ}$ tilted angle, is covered with 0.6mm galvanized steel sheet and 97% reflective film. To protect the room from low solar angle, a blind systems, 0.15m deepth and $30^{\circ}$ automated slat angle was installed. To assess illuminance performance, the totally 37 measuring points for illuminance were monitored. For the detailed analysis, photometric sensors were installed at work-plane (8 points), wall (7 points), ceiling (3points), and exterior horizontal illuminance (1 point) respectively. The performance was measured under clear sky and is monitored by Agilent data logger, photometric sensor Li-cor and the Radiant Imaging ProMetric 1400. Comparisons of light factor and uniformity are discussed.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.101-106
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• 2017

Optical structures of a tapered ultra-thin light guide film (LGF) were optimized by optical simulation for increasing coupling efficiency between light sources and the LGF. A serration pattern on the entrance side surface could provide a comparable coupling efficiency to that of the conventional LGF where a linear, asymmetric prism array was formed on the taper surface. Several micro-patterns were applied to the top and/or bottom surface of the LGF for achieving better luminance property, and it was found that an optimized micro-pyramid pattern exhibited the highest average luminance together with satisfactory luminance uniformity.

• Medical Lasers
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.94-96
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• 2019

Burns are one of the most extensive injuries of soft tissues as well as skin, occasionally resulting in extensive, deep wounds and death. Burn wounds can lead to severe physical and psychological distress because of excessive scarring and skin contractures. Treatment of burn wounds has always been a challenging problem and many different methods have been used to treat such injuries. We report here on treating a patient with a burn wound using 830-nm light emitting diode (LED) phototherapy combined with epidermal growth factor (EGF) solution. After five daily sessions of LED with EGF solution treatment, the patient demonstrated nearly complete improvement with no remarkable side effects. We suggest that LED phototherapy combined with EGF solution could be an effective and safe treatment option for treating burn wounds.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.144-154
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• 2001

Dysfunction of the inferior alveolar nerve indicated by various degree of numbness of the lower lip and chin is one of the few drawbacks of mandibular osteotomy, especially Bilateral Sagittal Split Ramus Osteotomy(BSSRO) and genioplasty. Although it has been recorded throughout the history of this techniques, it is true etiology poorly understood. In this study, 22 consecutive patients under class III malocclusiion impression and undergoing orthognathic surgery(BSSRO only 11 case, BSSRO with genioplasty 11 case) were studied using 4 neurosensory test(static light touch, directional discrimination, two-point discrimination, pin pressure nociception) with post OP 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 12 weeks, 24 weeks, On control group, 10 members without trauma and nerve damage history, nerve test was accomplished. We concluded majority of patients return of sensation during post operative 24 weeks. Althought immediate nerve deficit are 92.2%, 97.2% 88.9% these are recovered to 25%, 35.72%, 10.71% at 24 weeks. Nerve recovery rate increased prominently between post 4 weeks and 8 weeks. There is no statistically difference about neurosensory deficit among the chin area. Neurosensory deficit more severe when the BSSRO with genioplasty group than the only BSSRO group. Immediate neurosensory deficit is larger left side than right side but after 6 months, there is no significantly difference between left side and right side. Static light touch and pin pressure nociception are more sensitive method of neurosensory deficit than two point discrimination.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.234-242
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• 2007

We examined the cause of albinism in a hatchery population of flounder in terms of environmental and nutritional factors, including the effects of light intensity (130-12,300 lux), photoperiod (12L/12D or 24L/0D), tank substrate (concrete or fiber-reinforced polymer), tank color (white or dark green) and supplement with enriched live food, and also compared the growth of normal and albino fry under both 12L/12D and 24L/0D. Further to, normalization of the skin pigmentation pattern on the ocular side has been juvestigated after rearing the albino fry for 2 years after their identification and classification and found that, light intensity did not play a critical role in the development of normal pigmentation or albinism in the flounder. By contrast, the photoperiod was a weak inducer of albinism in the flounder. Tank substrate and color also affected the hypomelanosis on the ocular side of the flounder fry. The choice and supplementation of enriched live foods could drastically reduce the incidence of albinos in hatcheries. On comparing the growth of normal and albino fry, while there was no difference between the groups under 24L/0D, the growth of the albino flounder was slower under 12L/12D. Although coloration resulting from xanthophore and melanophore, but not iridophores, occurred on the ocular side, evidence of albinism remained on the ocular side of flounders.