• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.53 no.12
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• pp.141-146
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• 2016

HEVC/H.265 is the latest joint video coding standard proposed by ITU-T SG 16 WP and ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC29/WG 11. In H.265, pictures are divided into a sequence of coding tree units(CTUs), and the CTU further is partitioned into multiple CUs to adapt to various local characteristics. Its coding efficiency is approximately two times high compared to previous standard H.264/AVC. However according to the size of extended CU(coding unit) and transform block, the hardware size of PMR(prediction/mode decision/reconstruction) block within video encoder is about 4 times larger than previous standard. In this study, we propose a new less complex hardware architecture of PMR block which has the most high complexity within encoder without any noticeable PSNR loss. Using this simplified block, we can shrink the overall size the H.265 encoder. For FHD image, it operates at clocking frequency of 300 MHz and frame rate of 60 fps. And also for the test image, the Bjøntegaard Delta (BD) bit rate increase about average 30 % in PMR prediction block, and the total estimated gate count of PMR block is around 1.8 M.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.934-940
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• 2012

This study was carried out to serve the structure of Carpinus laxiflora community in the Moojangsa valley, Tohamasan district, Gyeongju National Park. We designated 16 quadrats ($10m{\times}10m(100m^2)$) for looking at the continuation of Carpinus laxiflora community as the climax forest community. As a result of TWINSPAN, plant community was classified into 5 different communities. 3 communities are Carpinus laxiflora community which have a little different subdominant species; 1) with ombrophilous broadleaf species, 2) with Quercus serrata, 3) with others. Species diversity index was ranged from 0.4899 to 0.9490. Carpinus laxiflora communities were expected to continue as the Carpinus laxiflora community, but Carpinus laxiflora - Quercus serrata communities were expected continue or shrink up of the Carpinus laxiflora. As this study, if we insist the Carpinus laxiflora community as the climax in the temperate zone in Korea then should be analyze more survey data in various area.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.30 no.2 s.150
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• pp.275-285
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to examine the change of dyeing ability by K/S values, when dyed in different twisting processes and by one bath system and two bath system, to find possible ways of minimizing the color difference between cotton and polyester in composite yarn. The two types of composite yarn, which had one setting process(CP1) and two setting processes(CP2) were dyed with reactive/disperse dyes in both one bath dyeing system and two bath system. The dyeing ability according to the two different twisting processes was measured, and the values of the CP1 were higher compare to the values of CP2 in both one and two bath dyeing systems. This is because CP1 applied only one setting could shrink dyeing process at 130$^{circ}C$. This shrinkage increased the number of twists in the unit length and increased the yarn density, and this is the reason that the K/S values were measured higher than those of CP2. In wet shrinkage test, in opposition to CP2 only had 0.76$\%$ of the shrinkage rate, CP1 had 3.00$\%$ of the shrinkage rate. Also, the dyeing ability according to the two different dyeing methods was measured, and the values of CP1 and CP2 were both higher when dyed in two bath system. On the other hand, the color differences between cotton and polyester in composite yarns, were smaller for CP2 than that for CP1 and were also smaller in two bath dyeing system than in one bath dyeing system. Therefore, the ways of minimizing color difference between cotton and polyester in composite yarn are to apply enough setting in order to minimize shrinkage in dyeing process and to choose two bath dyeing system.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.35-48
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• 2015

It is frequently found in daily life that people who experience good luck as lottery winners try to improve their background (e.g., home, car) but it has not been empirically validated why they do that. Present research attempts to explore the prediction that people who experience good luck expand the scope of attention to background and those who undergo bad luck shrink the scope of attention to adjacent objects. Findings from Experiment 1a indicate that participants who experienced good luck (won the rock-paper-scissors game) paid more attention to background and performed worse in the "find the hidden picture" (below FHP) task while those who underwent bad luck (lost the rock-paper-scissors game) paid more attention to objects, leading to better performance in the FHP task. It is also found in Experiment 1a that, if people washed their hands after experiencing good or bad luck, the opposite result occurred. Experiment 1b confirmed that the rock-paper-scissor game manipulated good and bad luck successfully and did not influence self-control. Experiment 2 shows that people who strongly believe in good luck performed poorly in FHP task while those who do not believe in good luck performed well in FHP task. Overall, three experiments support the proposed research hypotheses. Implications of the study findings for cognitive psychology and related fields including consumer and sports psychology are discussed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 1999.07a
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• pp.211-211
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• 1999

Titanium nitride (TiN) thin films have useful properties including high hardness, good electrical conductivity, high melting point, and chemical inertness. The applications have included wear-resistant hard coatings on machine tools and bearings, decorative coating making use of the golden color, thermal control coatings for widows, and erosion resistant coatings for spacecraft plasma probes. For all these applications as feature sizes shrink and aspect ratios grow, the issue of good step coverage becomes increasingly important. It is therefore essential to manufacture conformal coatings of TiN. The growth of TiN thin films by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is of great interest for achieving conformal deposition. The most widely used precursor for TiN is TiCl4 and NH3. However, chlorine impurity in the as-grown films and relatively high deposition temperature (>$600^{\circ}C$) are considered major drawbacks from actual device fabrication. To overcome these problems, recently, MOCVD processes including plasma assisted have been suggested. In this study, therefore, we have doposited Ti(C, N) thin films on Si(100) and D2 steel substrates in the temperature range of 150-30$0^{\circ}C$ using tetrakis diethylamido titanium (TDEAT) and titanium isopropoxide (TIP) by pulsed DC plamsa enhanced metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (PEMOCVD) method. Polycrystalline Ti(C, N) thin films were successfully grown on either D2 steel or Si(100) surfaces at temperature as low as 15$0^{\circ}C$. Compositions of the as-grown films were determined with XPS and RBS. From XPS analysis, thin films of Ti(C, N) with low oxygen concentration were obtained. RBS data were also confirmed the changes of stoichiometry and microhardness of our films. Radical formation and ionization behaviors in plasma are analyzed by optical emission spectroscopy (OES) at various pulsed bias and gases conditions. H2 and He+H2 gases are used as carrier gases to compare plasma parameter and the effect of N2 and NH3 gases as reactive gas is also evaluated in reduction of C content of the films. In this study, we fond that He and H2 mixture gas is very effective in enhancing ionization of radicals, especially N resulting is high hardness. The higher hardness of film is obtained to be ca. 1700 HK 0.01 but it depends on gas species and bias voltage. The proper process is evident for H and N2 gas atmosphere and bias voltage of 600V. However, NH3 gas highly reduces formation of CN radical, thereby decreasing C content of Ti(C, N) thin films in a great deal. Compared to PVD TiN films, the Ti(C, N) film grown by PEMOCVD has very good conformability; the step coverage exceeds 85% with an aspect ratio of more than 3.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.165-184
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• 2005

Japan has remained a welfare laggard among advanced industrial democracies. Therefore, the introduction of the public long-term care insurance(koteki kaigo hoken in Japanese) in April of 2000 looks very unique in terms of the Japanese social security tradition, because it can be interpreted as the expansion of social security system and the weakening of the market power over the livelihood of the ordinary people. In the era of globalization, in which even the highly developed welfare states are forced to shrink their social security systems, Japan, a welfare laggard, looks like being headed to the opposite direction. This article aims to define the character of the public long-term care insurance, and thereby, to evaluate the recent social policy of the Japanese government. This study follows the social democratic model in the study of the welfare state development, which assumes that, under the condition of a weak social democratic party and a fragmented labor movement, the introduction of the long-term care insurance is not equal to the improvement of the Japanese social security system. The main argument of this article is that the long-term care insurance, notwithstanding its appearance as an expansion of public sphere, is part of market-oriented neo-liberal social reforms, which have remained the main feature of the Japanese social policies since the mid-1970's. For this, this study will do a longitudinal analysis on the social consequences of the long-term care insurance incurred to the Japanese social security system for the long-term care, focusing on the income redistribution, the marketization of long-term care sector and the changes in the financial burden of the government, social insurers and general citizens.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.424-431
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• 2007

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of short road transportation in an open truck during hot season on live weight shrink, physiological responses, and carcass and meat quality of Omani sheep at 6 and 12 months of age. Thirty-six male sheep, 18 of each age group, were used. Age groups were assigned randomly to transported and not-transported groups. The transported group was transported to the slaughterhouse the day of slaughter in an open truck covering a distance of approximately 100 km. The average temperature during transportation was $37^{\circ}C$. The not-transported group was kept in a lairage of a commercial slaughterhouse with ad libitum feed and water for 48 h prior to slaughter. Blood samples were collected from sheep before loading and prior to slaughter via jugular venipuncture to assess their physiological response to transport in relation to hormonal levels. Animals were weighed just before loading onto a truck and after transport to assess shrinkage. Muscle ultimate pH, expressed juice, cooking loss percentage, WB-shear force value, sarcomere length and colour L*, a*, b* were measured on samples from longissimus dorsi, biceps femoris and semitendinosus muscles collected at 24 h postmortem at $1-3^{\circ}C$. Live weight shrinkage losses were 1.09 and 1.52 kg for 6 and 12 month transported sheep, respectively. The transported sheep had significantly (p<0.05) higher cortisol, adrenaline, noradrenaline, and dopamine concentration levels prior to slaughter at both ages than the not-transported sheep. Transportation significantly influenced meat quality characteristics of three muscles. Muscle ultimate pH and shear force values were significantly higher, while CIE L*, a*, b*, expressed juice and cooking loss were lower in transported than not-transported sheep. Age had a significant effect on meat quality characteristics of Omani sheep. These results indicated that short-term pre-slaughter transport at high ambient temperatures can cause noticeable changes in physiological and muscle metabolism responses in sheep.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.213-220
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• 2011

In this paper, the channel preprocessor with an area-efficient architecture is proposed for the MIMO symbol detector which can support four transmit and receive antennas. The proposed channel preprocessor can shrink the channel dimension to reduce the hardware complexity of the MIMO symbol detector. Also, the proposed channel preprocessor is implemented with very low complexity by using QR decomposition (QRD) and log-number system (LNS). By applying QRD and LNS to the nulling matrix calculation block, the numbers of matrix-multiplications and matrix-divisions are decreased and thus the complexity of the proposed channel preprocessor is significantly reduced. The proposed channel preprocessor was designed in a hardware description language (HDL) and synthesized to gate-level circuits using 0.13um CMOS standard cell library. With the proposed channel preprocessor, the number of logic gates for channel preprocessor is reduced by 20.2% compared with the conventional architecture.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.59-72
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• 2000

Dragon robe was defined as a robe on which the principal design consisted of dragon. Dragon patterns have been used on princess robes during T'and Dynasty. In Sung, Dragon-figured robes seem to have an Imperial prerogative. Yuan took over the use of robes with dragons patterns as a definite institition. Ming tried to reject all Yuan innovations, the dragon robe was retained as an unofficial court costume. The Emperor's semiformal robes which at first had four dragon medallions, later had twelve along with the 12 Symbols(십이장문). As Ch'ing dragon robes were only intended fro semiformal use. The Later Ch'ing robes date from after 1719, when the Ch'ien-lung(건륭) introduced 12 Symbols on Ch'ing robes. The Ch'ien-lung laws were disobeyed, notably the ones that specified the number of claws on the dragons. THe Emperor's dragon robe, lung-p'ao, (용포) was described as bright yellow in color, having four slits and horsefoof cuffs. The basic pattern consisted of nin dragons, in addition it had 12 Symbols. The elaborate textile techniques reached their peak in Ch'ing Dynasty-with its Weaving and Dyeing Office in Peking, and this factories at Hangchow(항주), Soochow(소주), and Naking(남경) -helps to explain why the decay of the Ch'ing bureaucracy hastended the decline of dragon robes. In the Ch'ing Dynasty tow terms were used for dragon robe, depending on the number of claws on the dragons. Those with five-clawed dragons were called lung-p'ao, while those with four-clawed dragons were called mang-p'ao(망포). The Court felt compelled to take corrective meausres. It decreeed that Ninisters of State and other officials, who had been bestowed five-clawed lung dragons, must take out one claw. Finally, the sale of ranks and the attendant privilege of wearing dragon robes gradually increased during the 18 th century, reaching its height in the 19 th century, Finally, after the Taiping Rebellion, when the Imperial Treasury was depleted by the wholesale destruction of revenue-producing lands, the Chinese government came to depend on such sales as an important source of revenue and the practice became even more widespread. The ensuing mass production of dragon robes, and the necessity of conforming to the fairly rigid basic pattern established in 1759, resulted in marked deterioration of workmanship, and a comparative monotony of decoration. The patterns on the dragon robes slight changes continued to be made in the ways of representign them. The li shui (입수) portion at the base of the robe become inreasingly wider throughout the 19th century. The background became cluttered with symbols of good fortune, scattered among the clouds and waves. As a result of all this extraneous decoration, the dragons were so crowded that they had to shrink back into the small size that they had originally occupied in the medallons. Kuang-hsu(광저) was a long one, allowing time for the manufacture of numerous robes. Also, it would seem likely that Occidental museums and collections would have a considerable number of his robes, in view of the widespread looting of his palaces during the Allied occupation of Peking in 1900, and the frequent sales of Late Ch'ing imperial textiles by destitute Manchu courtiers in the '20's.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.18
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• pp.17-35
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to find out the way to improve the funding system of Korean animation, which will lead the establishment of virtuous circle of Korean animation industry. The funding structure of Korean animations in the period of 2005-2009 is analyzed to find out that the funding surveyed to find out that the domestic funding source for Korean animation has reached its limitation. Without any active involvement of public fund, this will result in the shrink of Korean animation industry with heavy reliance on foreign capital and limited quality of Korean animation. This is not only a serious problem of Korean animation industry, but also the problem of Korean cultural identity and variety because it is related with the diminish and degradation of Korean children and family content. Meanwhile, in France and Canada, which are the major co-production partners of Korean animation, the animation production is being activated by the full support of government fund system, because the animation is regarded as the important genre which plays a critical public role in establishing the cultural identity and variety of such countries. Improvement of Korean animation funding system is not pursued by more injection of public fund into the industry. It should be designed to facilitate the investment from the private sector by improving the profitability of Korean animation. This goal can be achieved by public fund with annual budget of 25 billion Korean Won supporting the distribution and production of Korean animation. Discussion should be needed for securing the funding resources such as establishment of new animation fund or utilization of existing fund.