• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2001년도 The 6th International Symposium of East Asian Resources Recycling Technology
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• pp.225-229
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• 2001

There are about 41% (by weight) of scrap tires were pulverized to produce rubber powder and granules in the tire recycling industry of Taiwan. However, the reuse of the by-products, steel and fiber, of the scrap tires still needs to be improved. It is difficult to remove the remaining rubber on the surface of steel or fiber. This problem reduce the availability for further reuse of steel and fiber. In addition to the improvement of magnetic, gravity separation techniques or carbonization process, using cryogenic shredding process to separate rubber and fiber (or steel) had been used as another alternative. Cryogenic shredding process for scrap tires showed many advantages, the objective of this paper is to explore the mechanisms for the cryogenic shredding process of scrap tires. Cryo-SEM is used to investigate the topographic information, in-situ, from room temperature to -195$^{\circ}C$ . One square inch shredded tire chips are prepared for SEM study. The percentage of the shrinkage of rubber is also estimated, ca. 6.7%. Mechanisms of cryogenic shredding effects on the tire chips are discussed. The proper practice of cryogenic shredding process far scrap tires is also suggested.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2001년도 The 6th International Symposium of East Asian Resources Recycling Technology
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• pp.230-235
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• 2001

There are more than 15 millions cars or motors in Taiwan. According to the statistics from Environmental Protection Administration, the number of resulting scrap tires are near 110 thousand tons each year. The tire recycle programs in Taiwan were first conducted in 1989 and executed by ROC Scrap Tire Foundation. However, the current efficiency of the tire recycling industry still needs to be improved to minimize the environmental problem or fire hazards caused by scrap tires storage. Ten major tire-recycling factories are surveyed in this study. The investigations include the source of scrap tire, the shredding process, the market of products, the management of wastes disposal, and the difficulties of these sectors. As the varieties of the shredding machines of the recycle factories, there are three kinds of final products which include powder, granular, and chips. The wastes, wires and fibers, produced by the shredding process are the major problems fur all the factories. The percentage of the wire and fiber removal from rubbers still needs to be increased. The best approaches found in this study to increase the efficiency of scrap tire recycling processes are proposed which include the improvement of magnetic separation system fiber/rubber separation system and the minimization of waste disposal. A categorized standard of the processing outputs is suggested as a reference for the decision-making of the tire-recycling factories.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.16-29
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• 2011

한국은 세계 5위의 자동차 생산국이며 2009년도 자동차 보유대수 17,325천대, 폐차대수 711천대, 중고차 수출대수 265천대를 기록하였다. 711천대의 해체, 슈레딩에서 철 568천톤, 알루미늄 46천톤, 구리 7천톤이 회수되었고, 시멘트공장에서의 적극적인 ASR 이용으로 지동차리싸이클링률이 95%에 근접하고 있다. 2007년 4월에는 자동차리싸이클링법(전기 전자기기 및 자동차의 자원순환에 관한 법률)이 제정 공포되고, 2009년 1월부터 본격 시행되었으나 재자원화, 적정처리의 인프라가 미비되고 부정확한 정보관리로 법의 운용이 원활하지 못하다. 정부는 현재 리싸이클링요금 징수를 골자로 하는 자동차리싸이클링법의 수정 보완작업을 서두르고 있다. 끝으로 자동차리싸이클링의 발전과제로 ELV리싸이클링시스템의 모델을 제시하였다.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.413-419
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• 2005

The United States automotive recycling infrastructure has successfully reduced the amount of automotive waste sent to landfills, especially since the introduction of shredders in the late 1950s. Shredders are necessary to process and recycle automotive hulks and other durable goods. However, this industry faces significant challenges as the automotive manufacturers are increasing the use of nonmetallic components which are difficult to recycle. Additionally, it is becoming obvious that automobiles contain hazardous materials which place heavy burdens on the environment. To address this growing concern, we propose a process planning model for automotive shredders to make tactical decisions regarding at what level to process and at what level to reprocess feed stock materials. The purpose of this paper is to test analytical models to help shredders improve the profitability and efficiency of the bulk recycling processes for end of life automobile returns. The work is motivated by an actual recycling problem that was observed at Capitol City Metals shredding facility in Indianapolis, Indiana.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.36-42
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• 2012

The empty fruit bunch fibers(EFB) of oil palm were examined for optimal utilization of the EFB fibers. The EFB fibers were obtained by shredding EFB, followe by removal of fines. The surface properties of the fibers were modified with various pre-treatments, such as hot water extraction, the soaking treatments with NaOH, $ClO_2$ and n-hexane. The changes in the fiber surface were examined with FT-IR method, which showed the changes in chemical compositions such as pectin, lignin, and etc. according to the pre-treatment methods. And the z-directional tensile testing of the fiber mold made of the treated EFB fibers showed the changes in the bonding strength by the pre-treatments. The fiber mold made of EFB fibers treated with $ClO_2$ showed the greater increase in the tensile energy absorption although the NaOH treatment resulted in the severer impact on the EFB fibers.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2001년도 The 6th International Symposium of East Asian Resources Recycling Technology
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• pp.699-704
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• 2001

Until recently, disposal to landfill has been the most convenient way to deal with the increasing amount of residues the shredding industries produce. But the shortage of such disposal sites and the risk that liquid drained from these waste dusts may pollute ground water have increased the environmental pressures to find more effective solutions. The present study is an alternative approach that suggests identifying waste dusts characteristics and selecting an appropriate binder for hazardous materials to reduce the amount of contaminants (mainly lead) that were leaking into the soil. Investigations on the characteristics of automobiles waste dusts show that these materials are composed mainly of cottons and sponge like substances, plastics, rubber, glasses and gravel, metals, and electric wires. Besides, the percentage in weight of organic (inflammable) materials is about 70% and the lead contamination, which has not a ionic but a particulate nature, is particularly remarkable in cottons and sponge like materials. Binding additives such as K-20 and sodium carbonate were not effective but the addition of 5 % of cement (in weight of the investigated sample) followed by a 3-minute stirring and a 4-hour storage could drastically reduce the run off of lead below the maximum authorized level. No addition of water was necessary in this method.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.15-27
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• 2007

1982년에 폐차제도가 도입되고, 1987년에는 자동차관리법이 제정되어, 우리나라 폐차업은 폐차(ELV)의 회수체계 및 등록말소 등에는 다른 나라에서 볼 수 없는 우수한 시스템을 갖추고 있다. 그리고 현재 폐차는 유상으로 시장경제원리에 의해서 처리되 있다. 그러나 폐차의 자원으로서의 인식과, 재활용율의 제고 그리고 환경성을 감안한 폐기물의 적정처리에 있어서는 규제와 노력이 미흡한 현황임을 부정할 수 없다. 한편, 정부에서는 지금 자동차리싸이클링에 관한 법률을 제정 중에 있다. 이 시점에 즈음하여 필자는 자동차리싸이클링에 관계되는 법 제도의 변천, 폐자동차의 리싸이클링 현황과 문제점을 정리하고자 하였다. 그리고 한국적 자동차리싸이클링 모델의 골격을 제시하여, 우리나라 자동차리싸이클링산업의 건전한 발전을 추구하였다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.45-54
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• 2004

The consumption of poultry meat (chicken and turkey) grew the most during the past few decades due to several contributing factors such as low price, product research and development, favorable meat characteristics, responsive to consumer needs, vertical integration and industry consolidation, new processing equipments and technology, and aggressive marketing. The major processing technologies developed and used in chicken processing include forming/restructuring, tumbling, curing, smoking, massaging, injection, marination, emulsifying, breading, battering, shredding, dicing, and individual quick freezing. These processing technologies were applied to various parts of chicken including whole carcass. Product developments using breast, thigh, and mechanically separated chicken meat greatly increased the utilization of poultry meat. Chicken breast became the symbol of healthy food, which made chicken meat as the most frequent menu items in restaurants. However, the use of and product development for dark meat, which includes thigh, drum, and chicken wings were rather limited due to comparatively high fat content in dark meat. Majority of chicken are currently sold as further processed ready-to-cook or ready-to-eat forms. Major quality issues in chicken meat include pink color problems in uncured cooked breast, lipid oxidation and off-flavor, tenderness PSE breast, and food safety. Research and development to ensure the safety and quality of raw and cooked chicken meat using new processing technologies will be the major issues in the future as they are now. Especially, the application of irradiation in raw and cooked chicken meat products will be increased dramatically within next 5 years. The market share of ready-to-eat cooked meat products will be increased. More portion controlled finished products, dark meat products, and organic and ethnic products with various packaging approaches will also be introduced.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.59-67
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• 2008

This paper is concerned with the development of multi-action die or multiple sliding die for the forming process of serrated sheets. Serrated sheets is used as a toothed or serrated seal for securing together overlapping portions of steel or plastic strapping ligature and have been produced conventionally in several methods such as rolling and indentation. Recently, longitudinally oriented thermoplastic materials have been widely used in the strapping industry, while such materials are quite slippery. Provided projections on a seal biting into the strap should overcome the slipperiness and also the tooth configuration must be closely controlled to avoid too much transverse penetration of the strap which could result in the shredding of the strap when it is placed under tension. The seal includes a central portion with a plurality of teeth which bite into one strap portion and a pair of reversely bent legs with a plurality of teeth which bite into the other strap portion. Forming processes applicable for serrated sheets have reviewed in qualitative sense to find possibility in terms of applicability of one of existing processes to the serrated sheet forming process. Existing seal products have been analyzed with enlarged picture of strap contacting surface of the seal by microscope. Based on the analyses of the existing forming processes and seal products, a new forming process is proposed for serrated sheets. The proposed process requires a multislide die which enables inclined indentation or cut-in into the seal material as well as scratching processes sequentially in a single action press.

• 한국방사성폐기물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방사성폐기물학회 2003년도 가을 학술논문집
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• pp.109-116
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• 2003

국내 원자력 산업의 급속한 성장과 더불어 하나로 시설의 본격적인 가동 및 핵연료주기시험과 관련한 연구의 증가로 인하여 방사성폐기물의 발생량 및 누적량이 지속적으로 증가될 전망이며, 이에 따라 방사성폐기물의 안전성 확보 및 감용 처리를 위한 노력이 더욱 강조되고 있다. 조사후시험시설에서는 원자력발전소에서 발생하는 사용후핵연료봉의 결함원인 규명과 건전성 평가를 위한 조사후시험을 수행하고 있으며, 본 연구에서는 조사후시험시설에 설치되어 있는 방사성고체폐기물 처리설비를 활용하여 조사후시험에서 발생하는 폐기물의 압축, 파쇄, 절단기술 및 경험사례에 대하여 기술하였다. 고준위 방사성고체폐기물 처리는 특수 제작하여 핫셀에 설치되어 있는 100톤 압축기로 방사성고체폐기물을 압축하여 폐기물의 양을 1/12정도로 감용 처리하였으며, 중ㆍ저 위 방사성고체폐기물은 인터벤션에 설치된 60톤 압축기를 사용하여 가연성폐기물을 1/8정도로 압축 감용 처리하였다. 폐플라스틱 통은 파쇄기를 사용하여 절단처리 함으로써 1/5, 폐 필터는 1/6의 감용 비를 얻었으며, 비 가연성물질인 금속류 물질 또한 절단 처리하여 드럼의 양을 줄일 수 있었다.