• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.1159-1174
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• 2014

As the use of smartphones and tablet PCs has exploded in recent years, there are many occasions where such devices are used for treating sensitive data such as financial transactions. Naturally, many types of attacks have evolved that target these devices. An attacker can capture a password by direct observation without using any skills in cracking. This is referred to as shoulder surfing and is one of the most effective methods. There has been only a crude definition of shoulder surfing. For example, the Common Evaluation Methodology(CEM) attack potential of Common Criteria (CC), an international standard, does not quantitatively express the strength of an authentication method against shoulder surfing. In this paper, we introduce a shoulder surfing risk calculation method supplements CC. Risk is calculated first by checking vulnerability conditions one by one and the method of the CC attack potential is applied for quantitative expression. We present a case study for security-enhanced QWERTY keyboard and numeric keypad input methods, and the commercially used mobile banking applications are analyzed for shoulder surfing risks.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.93-104
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• 2010

The advent of various mobile devices and mobile services has caused diversification of information stored in a mobile device, e.g., SMS, photos, movies, addresses, e-mails, digital certificates, and so on. Because mobile devices are lost or stolen easily, user authentication is critical to protect the information stored in mobile devices. However, the current user authentication methods using Personal Identification Numbers (PINs) and passwords are vulnerable to Shoulder Surfing Attacks (SSAs), which enables an attacker to obtain user's information. Although there are already several SSA-resistant authentication methods in the literature, most of these methods lack of usability. Moreover, they are not suitable for use in mobile devices. In this paper, we propose a user friendly password input method for mobile devices which is secure against SSA. We also perform user tests and compare the security and usability of the proposed method with those of the existing password input methods.

• Journal of Practical Engineering Education
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.641-647
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• 2023

In the fintech environment, ensuring secure financial transactions with smartphones requires authenticating the device owner. Smartphone authentication techniques encompass a variety of approaches, such as passwords, biometrics, SMS authentication, and more. Among these, password-based authentication is commonly used and highly convenient for user authentication. Although it is a simple authentication mechanism, it is susceptible to eavesdropping and keylogging attacks, alongside other threats. Security keypads have been proposed to address vulnerabilities in password input on smartphones. One such innovation is a group keypad, resistant to attacks that guess characters based on touch location. However, improvements are needed for user convenience. In this study, we aim to propose a method that enhances convenience while being resistant to eavesdropping and recording attacks on the existing group keypad. The proposed method uses new signs to allow users to verify instead of the last character confirmation easily and employs dragging-to-touch for blocking recording attacks. We suggest diverse positioning methods tailored for domestic users, improving efficiency and security in password input compared to existing methods.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2014.07a
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• pp.75-76
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• 2014

스마트폰의 대중화로 다양한 서비스를 제공받게 되면서 보안에 대한 위협도 커지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 사용자의 편의성과 안전성을 고려한 안전한 패스워드 기법을 제안하고자 한다. 암호 설정 단계에서는 연산자와 연산 결과값을 설정하고, 패스워드 입력 시 연산 결과값이 되도록 0~9의 숫자를 입력하여 인증을 하도록 한다. 허수를 삽입할 수 있으며 연산에 기반하기 때문에 패스워드의 길이, 값, 순서를 동적으로 변화시킬 수 있어 안전성을 향상시킬 수 있다.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.37-44
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• 2017

Mobile devices provide various services through payment and authentication by inputting important information such as passwords on the screen with the virtual keypads. In order to infer the password inputted by the user, the attacker captures the user's touch location information. The attacker is able to infer the password by using the location information or to obtain password information by peeping with Google Glass or Shoulder Surfing Attack. As existing secure keypads place the same letters in a set order except for few keys, considering handy input, they are vulnerable to attacks from Google Glass and Shoulder Surfing Attack. Secure keypads are able to improve security by rearranging various shapes and locations. In this paper, we propose secure keypads that generates 13 different shapes and sizes of Tetris and arranges keypads to be attached one another. Since the keypad arranges different shapes and sizes like the game, Tetris, for the virtual keypad to be different, it is difficult to infer the inputted password because of changes in size even though the attacker knows the touch location information.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.2 no.12
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• pp.525-532
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• 2013

Recently smartphones, tablet, etc. Various types of smart terminal is due to the increased security in mobile devices are becoming an issue. How to enter the password in this environment is a very important issue. Difficult to have a secure password input device on various types of mobile devices. In addition you enter on the touch screen the password of character, uncomfortable and it is vulnerable to SSA attack. Therefore, in this paper provide for defense the SSA(Shoulder Surfing Attacks) and useful password input mechanism is proposed with Smartphone GPS uses a value generated via a graphical password techniques.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.23-35
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• 2015

When people stands near someone's mobile device, it can easily be seen by others. To rephrase this, attackers use human psychology to earn personal information or credit information or other. People are exposed by social engineering attacks. It is certain that we need more than just recommendation for the security to avoid social engineering attacks. This is why I proposed this paper. In this paper, I proposed an authentication technique using NFC and Hash function to stand against social engineering attack. Proposed technique result is showing that it could prevent shoulder surfing, touch event information, spyware attack using screen capture and smudge attack which relies on detecting the oily smudges left behind by user's fingers. Besides smart phone, IPad, Galaxy tab, Galaxy note and more mobile devices has released and releasing. And also, these mobile devices usage rate is increasing widely. We need to attend these matters and study in depth.

• Korean Journal of Artificial Intelligence
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 2023

As mobile devices such as smartphones, tablets, and kiosks become increasingly prevalent, there is growing interest in developing alternative input systems in addition to traditional tools such as keyboards and mouses. Many people use their own bodies as a pointer to enter simple information on a mobile device. However, methods using the body have limitations due to psychological factors that make the contact method unstable, especially during a pandemic, and the risk of shoulder surfing attacks. To overcome these limitations, we propose a simple information input system that utilizes gaze-tracking technology to input passwords and control web surfing using only non-contact gaze. Our proposed system is designed to recognize information input when the user stares at a specific location on the screen in real-time, using intelligent gaze-tracking technology. We present an analysis of the relationship between the gaze input box, gaze time, and average input time, and report experimental results on the effects of varying the size of the gaze input box and gaze time required to achieve 100% accuracy in inputting information. Through this paper, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our system in mitigating the challenges of contact-based input methods, and providing a non-contact alternative that is both secure and convenient.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.1034-1047
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• 2020

The personal authentication technique is an essential tool in this complex and modern digital information society. Traditionally, the most general mechanism of personal authentication was using alphanumeric passwords. However, passwords that are hard to guess or to break, are often hard to remember. There are demands for a technology capable of replacing the text-based password system. Graphical passwords can be an alternative, but it is vulnerable to shoulder-surfing attacks. This paper looks through a number of recently developed graphical password systems and introduces a personal authentication system using a machine learning technique with electroencephalography (EEG) signals as a new type of personal authentication system which is easier for a person to use and more difficult for others to steal than other preexisting authentication systems.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2014.04a
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• pp.464-466
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• 2014

비밀번호를 비기술적인 방법으로 해킹 중 어깨넘어 훔쳐보기 공격은 사회공학적인 공격기법으로서 많은 보안 메커니즘의 등장에도 불구하고 원천적인 차단이 어려운 공격이다. 특히 현금자동입출기기는 개방적인 공간에 설치되어있어 어깨넘어 훔쳐보기 공격에 취약하다. 본 논문에서는 사용자가 금융서비스를 받고자 할 때, 현금자동입출기기, 스마트폰, 사용자 사이의 안전한 신뢰관계를 구축하고 비밀번호와 지문인식을 이용한 안전한 이중 사용자 인증 기법을 제안한다. 제안하는 기법은 어깨넘어 훔쳐보기 공격의 용이성 및 재현 가능성을 제한하여 안전한 금융서비스가 가능하도록 한다.