• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.31 no.8
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• pp.2293-2298
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• 2010

Focused electrospray (FES) deposition method is presented for matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry. FES ion optics consists of two cylindrical focusing electrodes capped with a truncated conical electrode through which an electrospray emitter passes along the cylindrical axis. A spray of charged droplets is focused onto a sample well on a MALDI target plate under atmospheric pressure. The shape and size distributions of matrix crystals are visualized by scanning electron microscope and the mass spectra are obtained by time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Angiotensin II, bradykinin, and substance P are used as test samples, while $\alpha$-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid and dihydroxybenzoic acid are employed as matrices. FES of a sample/matrix mixture produces fine crystal grains on a 1-3 mm spot and reproducibly yields the mass spectra with little shot-to-shot and spot-to-spot variations. Although FES greatly stabilizes the signals, the space charge due to matrix ions limits the detection sensitivity of peptides. To avoid the space charge problem, we adopted a dual FES/FES mode, which separately deposits matrix and sample by FES in sequence. The dual FES/FES mode reaches the detection sensitivity of 0.88 amol, enabling ultrasensitive of peptides by homogeneously depositing matrix and sample under atmospheric pressure.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.89-99
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• 1984

Engineering properties of soils is studied by permeating injection of water-glass chemical grout by use of a large sized grouting equipment of 1.5 shot system. Furthermore, the effectiveness of chemical groutinig by taking water-glass chemical grout combined with portland-cement for the purpose of improving the soil strength is confirmed. Relationships between main factors which cause the effectiveness of chemical grouting are described, and the factors are velocity and temperature of flowing water; grain size distribution and density of soils; density, viscosity, gel time and volume of grouts; injection pressure and grouting process. Improvement of the effectiveness of chemical grouting in flowing water by preventing the dilution and flowing down of grouts is investigated. Moreover, local shear failures and upheaval phenomena of ground are also investigated by field measurement.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.67-82
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• 2020

This study is based on the screen composition(shot size, split screen, candidate placement, lighting, stage) that fits the discussion process (round table, sitting, standing method) adopted from the 19th presidential candidates' TV joint discussion to analyze the adequacy and limitations of the methodology(design, candidate background, etc.). In addition, the progress and screen composition of the 45th US Presidential Candidates Debate in 2016 and the 25th Presidential Candidates of France TV Joint Debate in 2017 have been analyzed to compare and contrast the methods used in Korea. Through this, we apply the screening method to the 20th Presidential Candidate TV Joint Debate, which will be held in 2022, to fit the fixed discussion process that can fully identify candidates' qualities, policies, and vision.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.161-167
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• 2017

Purpose: We compare the bond strength of heat-cured PMMA of Lucitone 199 and QC-20 and Tokuyama Rebase Resin of self-cured resin, which are widely used and well accepted in clinical practice. In order to test the mechanical bonding and chemical bonding, we will compare the bond strength between EstheShot Bright, Smiletone, Repair and Rebase resins. Methods: The denture base resin used in this study was PMMA heat-cured QC-20 and Lucitone 199, polyamide resin EstheShot Bright, Smiletone. And Two types of self-curing Rapid Repair and Tokuyama Rebase were used as resection resins. To measure the bond strength, the denture specimens were fabricated in the size of $10{\times}64{\times}3.5mm$ as instructed by the manufacturer. A surface treatment agent was applied to the cut surfaces of each denture specimen, and the specimens were placed in a preformed silicone mold, and autoclaved excimer resins were prepared. The bending strength of the fabricated specimens was measured using a universal testing machine (STM-5, United Calibration Co., U.S.A.) to measure the three-point bending strength. Results: In both polycarbonate and polyacetal resin, a special resin surface treatment agent showed higher bonding strength than the resin surface treatment agent(p<0.05). Regardless of the type of surface treatment, polycarbonate showed higher bond strength than polyacetal resin(p<0.05). Conclusion: It is considered desirable to use a special surface treating agent for the thermoplastic denture base resin such as polycarbonate and polyacetal resin.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.1449-1457
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• 2007

A panorama image is constructed by merging several overlapped images to a big one. There are two kinds of methods, feature based and direct method, in the construction. Feature based one has a merit of processing speed faster than direct one. But, it is difficult to be implemented under slower processing environments such as mobile device. This paper proposed high speed construction method of a panorama image. The algorithm extremely improved matching speed by reducing the number of matching parameters using scene shot guider, and additionally adapted local matching technique to reduce matching error caused by the fewer matching parameters. In the experiments, it was shown that the proposed method required about 0.078 second in processing time, about 17 times shorter than the feature based one, for 24-bit color images of $320{\times}240$ size.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.54.2-54.2
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• 2019

Removing noise which occurs inevitably when taking image data has been a big concern. There is a way to raise signal-to-noise ratio and it is regarded as the only way, image stacking. Image stacking is averaging or just adding all pixel values of multiple pictures taken of a specific area. Its performance and reliability are unquestioned, but its weaknesses are also evident. Object with fast proper motion can be vanished, and most of all, it takes too long time. So if we can handle single shot image well and achieve similar performance, we can overcome those weaknesses. Recent developments in deep learning have enabled things that were not possible with former algorithm-based programming. One of the things is generating data with more information from data with less information. As a part of that, we reproduced stacked image from single shot image using a kind of deep learning, conditional generative adversarial network (cGAN). r-band camcol2 south data were used from SDSS Stripe 82 data. From all fields, image data which is stacked with only 22 individual images and, as a pair of stacked image, single pass data which were included in all stacked image were used. All used fields are cut in $128{\times}128$ pixel size, so total number of image is 17930. 14234 pairs of all images were used for training cGAN and 3696 pairs were used for verify the result. As a result, RMS error of pixel values between generated data from the best condition and target data were $7.67{\times}10^{-4}$ compared to original input data, $1.24{\times}10^{-3}$. We also applied to a few test galaxy images and generated images were similar to stacked images qualitatively compared to other de-noising methods. In addition, with photometry, The number count of stacked-cGAN matched sources is larger than that of single pass-stacked one, especially for fainter objects. Also, magnitude completeness became better in fainter objects. With this work, it is possible to observe reliably 1 magnitude fainter object.

• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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• v.1994 no.12
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• pp.43-46
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• 1994

A new spatial localization technique using high-order surface gradient coil (SGC) is proposed. Although the Spatial Selection with High-Order gradient (SHOT) can provide a 2-D selection with only one selective RF pulse, the high-order gradient produced by cylindrical-shape coils has not been clinically useful for clinical systems due to the large minimum selection size caused by the limited radial gradient intensity. However, by using the proposed high-order SGCs located near the imaging region, the size of volume selection can be reduced to a clinically useful 1-4 cm in diameter by applying stronger radial gradient with much less gradient driving power. A 40 cm-by-40 cm $r^{2}$ SGC has been designed and constructed, and phantom and volunteer studies have been performed. Experimental results using spatially localized MRI show good agreement to the theoretically predicted behavior.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.24-31
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• 2005

The stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) describes a method of delivering a high dose of radiation to a small tar-get volume in the brain, generally in a single fraction, while the dose delivered to the surrounding normal tissue should be minimized. To perform automatic plan of the SRS, a new method of multi-isocenter/shot linear accelerator (linac) and gamma knife (GK) radiosurgery treatment plan was developed, based on a physical lattice structure in target. The optimal radiosurgical plan had been constructed by many beam parameters in a linear accelerator or gamma knife-based radiation therapy. In this work, an isocenter/shot was modeled as a sphere, which is equal to the circular collimator/helmet hole size because the dimension of the 50% isodose level in the dose profile is similar to its size. In a computer-aided system, it accomplished first an automatic arrangement of multi-isocenter/shot considering two parameters such as positions and collimator/helmet sizes for each isocenter/shot. Simultaneously, an irregularly shaped target was approximated by cubic structures through computation of voxel units. The treatment planning method by the technique was evaluated as a dose distribution by dose volume histograms, dose conformity, and dose homogeneity to targets. For irregularly shaped targets, the new method performed optimal multi-isocenter packing, and it only took a few seconds in a computer-aided system. The targets were included in a more than 50% isodose curve. The dose conformity was ordinarily acceptable levels and the dose homogeneity was always less than 2.0, satisfying for various targets referred to Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) SRS criteria. In conclusion, this approach by physical lattice structure could be a useful radiosurgical plan without restrictions in the various tumor shapes and the different modality techniques such as linac and GK for SRS.

• IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.193-199
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• 2017

Instead of using only spatial features from a single frame for person re-identification, a combination of spatial and temporal factors boosts the performance of the system. A recurrent neural network (RNN) shows its effectiveness in generating highly discriminative sequence-level human representations. In this work, we implement RNN, three Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) network variants, and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) on Caffe deep learning framework, and we then conduct experiments to compare performance in terms of size and accuracy for person re-identification. We propose using GRU for the optimized choice as the experimental results show that the GRU achieves the highest accuracy despite having fewer parameters than the others.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.868-874
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• 2002

A high-impulse, low-power, digital microthruster has been developed using low-boiling-temperature liquid propellant with high-viscosity fluid plug. The viscous fiction force of the fluid plug increases the blast pressure and the low-boiling-temperature liquid propellant is intended to reduce input power consumption. The three-layer microthruster has been fabricated by surface micromachining as well as bulk micromachining in the size of 7$\times$13$\times$1.5㎣. A digital output impulse bit of 6.4$\times$10$^{-8}$ Nsec has been obtained from the fabricated microthruster using perfluoro normal hexane (FC72) propellant and oil plug, resulting in about ten times increase of the impulse bit using one hundredth electrical input energy compared to the conventional multiple-shot microthruster.