• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.651-657
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• 2013

Objectives : The purpose of the study is to verify the correlation between teenagers' use of internet and temporomandibular joint disorders(TMJD) because TMJD patients gradually increase in high school students. Methods : Subjects were 221 male high school students attending liberal arts and commercial schools from 9 to 21 of April, 2012. Students completed self-reported questionnaire. Results : TMJD symptoms included crackling joint (32.1%), headache (18.6%), malocclusion (8.1%), and jaw fatigue and muscular aching (7.2%). Students having at least one symptom accounted for 49.8%. Students having at least one poor habit accounted for 83.7% and 34.0% of the students used internet for 3 hours.. Score of students experiencing shoulders and chest pain was $5.13{\pm}1.10$ (p<0.05). Score of TMD afflicting area revealed $4.67{\pm}2.73$ (p<0.05) in mastication pain ($4.13{\pm}2.73$ (p<0.05)) due to long hours of internet use. Score of jaw fatigue related to muscular pain was $4.31{\pm}1.96$ (p<0.01). Duration of computer use was related to perceived TMJD symptoms (r=.153). Long duration of computer use was related to poor oral cavity habits (r=.157). Conclusions : Male high school students can perceive slight TMD which needs self management and regular check-ups and try to prevent TMD by utilizing measurement tools on TMD. Also, this study helps to prevent from worsening TMD by shortening hours of computer utilization.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제30권10호
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• pp.1010-1014
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• 1997

다발성 늑골골절 환자의 치료시 Judet씨의 struts를 사용한 늑골고정 술 유효성을 알아보기 위해 1995년 12 월부터 1996년 12월까지 1년 1개월 동안 천안 충무병원에서 치험한 Judet씨 struts를 사용하여 늑골고정술을 시행한 30명의 환자를 대상으로 임상분석을 시행하였다. 외과적 늑골고정 술의 대상은 다발성 늑골골절에 동 요흉이 동반된 경우가 14r11,분쇄골절을 포함하여 늑골의 전위가 심했던 경우가 8례, 그리고 흉강내 장기의 손상으로 심한 혈흉이나 혈기흉이 동반되어 수술중 부수적으로 시행됐던 경우가 7례였다. 수술후 환자의 상 태는 비교적 양호하여 단지 1례만이 술후 5일간 인공호흡이 요했으며,술후 합병증으로 혈기흉이 2례, 알코 올 금단현상에 의한 진전섬망이 2례, 그리고 간염이 1례 있었고, 입원기간 역시 짧아 흉곽외 타장기의 손상이 없는 경우에 평균 10.5일로 조기퇴원이 가능하였다. 이상의 결과로 Judet씨 struts를 사용한 늑골고정술은 흉곽의 안정성을 조기에 확보하여 치료기간을 단축시킬 뿐만 아니라 흉곽의 변형에 의한 폐활량의 감소 및 흉통의 예방에 기여할 것으로 예상되나, 향후 더 많은 치료방법에 대한 비교연구가 요\ulcorner 것으로 생각된다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.123-128
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• 2017

Background and aims: The KCNQ1 S140G mutation involved in $I_{ks}$ channel is a typical gene mutation affecting atrial fibrillation. However, despite the possibility that the S140G gene mutation may affect not only atrial but also ventricular action potential shape and ventricular responses, there is a lack of research on the relationship between this mutation and ventricular fibrillation. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed the correlation and the influence of the KCNQ1 S140G mutant gene on ventricular fibrillation through computer simulation studies. Method: This study simulated a 3-dimensional ventricular model of the wild type(WT) and the S140G mutant conditions. It was performed by dividing into normal sinus rhythm simulation and reentrant wave propagation simulation. For the sinus rhythm, a ventricular model with Purkinje fiber was used. For the reentrant propagation simulation, a ventricular model was used to confirm the occurrence of spiral wave using S1-S2 protocol. Results: The result showed that 41% shortening of action potential duration(APD) was observed due to augmented $I_{ks}$ current in S140G mutation group. The shortened APD contributed to reduce wavelength 39% in sinus rhythm simulation. The shortened wavelength in cardiac tissue allowed re-entrant circuits to form and increased the probability of sustaining ventricular fibrillation, while ventricular electrical propagation with normal wavelength(20.8 cm in wild type) are unlikely to initiate re-entry. Conclusion: In conclusion, KCNQ1 S140G mutation can reduce the threshold of the re-entrant wave substrate in ventricular cells, increasing the spatial vulnerability of tissue and the sensitivity of the fibrillation. That is, S140G mutation can induce ventricular fibrillation easily. It means that S140G mutant can increase the risk of arrhythmias such as cardiac arrest due to heart failure.

• 노동경제논집
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.1-26
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• 2010

기존의 직업탐색이론을 한 단계 진전시킬 수 있는 '엄친아효과' 개념을 도입하고 그것이 청년층 미취업탈출확률에 미치는 효과를 부모님의 학력, 임시 일용직 비율, 대 중소기업 임금격차 비율 등의 대리변수들로 측정하고자 하였다. 추정 결과, 최근으로 올수록 소위 '엄친아효과'는 점차 강화되고 있다는 사실이 확인된다. 정책 함의로는 청년층의 구직기간 축소와 실업탈출 확률의 제고라는 측면에서 노동시장에서 임금이나 일자리 질의 격차가 계속 확대되는 것은 결코 바람직하지 못하며, 또한 청년층 실업문제가 단순히 노동시장 정보의 정확한 제공만으로는 쉽게 해결되기 어렵다는 점 등을 도출해 낼 수 있다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.199-209
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• 1993

The effects of ${\alpha}_1$-adrenergic stimulation on membrane potential, intracellular sodium activity $(a_N{^i{_a}})$, and contractility were investigated in the isolated papillary muscle of euthyroid, hyperthyroid, and hypothyroid guinea pigs. Cardiac alterations in the thyroid state have been shown to induce marked changes in action potential characteristics, the most pronounced shortening of action potential duration by hyperthyroidism and an increase in duration by hypothyroidism. $10^{-5}M$ Phenylephrine produced a decrease in $(a_N{^i{_a}})$ in euthyroid and hypothyroid preparations, but an increase in $(a_N{^i{_a}})$ in hyperthyroid ones. The major findings were that phenylephrine produced a stronger positive inotropic effect(PIE) without initial negative inotropic effect(NIE) in hyperthyroid preparations, while phenylephrine produced markedly NIE in hypothyroid ones. The alterations in membrane potential, $(a_N{^i{_a}})$, and contractility were abolished by $3{\times}10^{-5}M$ prazosin in hypothyroidism. In hypothyroid ventricular muscle, the decrease in $(a_N{^i{_a}})$ caused by phenylephrine were not abolished or reduced by $10^{-5}M$ strophanthidin, $10^{-5}M$ TTX, $3{\times}10^{-4}M$ lidocaine, or $100^{-5}M$ verapamil. These results indicate that the ${\alpha}_1$-adrenoceptor-mediated decrease in $(a_N{^i{_a}})$ is not associated with a stimulation of the $Na^+$-$K^+$ pump, inhibition of the $Na^+$ or $Ca^+$ channel in hypothyroid ventricular muscle. $10^{-5}M$ Phenylephrine decreased $(a_N{^i{_a}})$ but increased $(a_N{^i{_a}})$ in the presence of a PKC activator phorbol dibutyrate$(PDB_u)$. In conclusion, it is suggested that the following sequence of events in response to phenyleplhane occur in guinea pig ventricular muscle. First, changes in thyroid state may contribute to the ventacular electrophysiological propeties or ion transport system. Second, the adrenoceptor-mediated initial transient NIE may be associated with the decrease in $(a_N{^i{_a}})$ by PKC activation.

• 토지주택연구
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.305-314
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• 2014

노동집약적 현장중심의 습식공법의 한계로 인해 기술집약적이고 공장생산방식인 유닛 모듈러 공법이 주목을 받고 있다. 국내에서도 유닛 모듈러 공법을 개발하여 학교, 기숙사, 군막사 등에 활발히 적용하고 있으나 주거용 건축물에는 적용하지 못하고 있다. 그 이유는 거주성능에 대한 검증이 부족하고, 경제성에 대한 확신이 부족하기 때문이다. 따라서 본 연구는 모듈러 공법의 기술발전과 주거용 건축물로의 적용을 활성화하기 위해 모듈러 주택의 경제성을 분석하였다. 연구결과에 의하면 건설원가만을 단순 비교했을 때 모듈러 주택의 건설원가는 약 6.2% 상승하는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 모듈러 주택의 장점인 공기단축이나 공장생산을 통한 생산성을 제고할 경우, 모듈러 주택의 건설원가는 벽식구조 주택과 비슷한 수준이 될 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.111-118
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• 2015

유채의 경관효과를 높이기 위해 국내 육성 및 국외 도입 유채 8품종을 봄철에 파종시기를 달리하여 파종하고 품종, 파종시기 및 재배지역에 따른 생육 및 개화특성을 구명하여 봄 파종에 적합한 유채품종 및 파종시기를 구명한 결과, 파종시기가 늦어짐에 따라 유묘 출현소요일수는 짧아졌고, 초장 및 착화수는 감소하였으며 분지수는 증가하였다. 무안과 제주 포장 모두에서 파종일이 늦어짐에 따라 개화시는 지연되었고 개화지속일은 감소하였다. 개화소요일수는 파종이 늦어짐에 따라 단축되었는데, 3월 1일 파종 시 73~94일이 소요되었으며, 3월 31일 파종 시 57~71일로 짧아졌다. 조생종인 '탐미유채'와 '목포 111호'가 만생종인 '탐라유채'와 '내한유채'보다 모든 파종시기에서 10일 정도 빠르게 개화하였다. 개화지속기간도 파종시기가 늦어짐에 따라 5~14일 정도 단축되었다. 경관용 유채 봄 파종 시 파종시기가 빠를수록 개화특성이 향상되었고, 국내육성 품종으로는 조기개화종인 '탐미유채'와 독일도입종인 '봄유채'가 봄 파종에 적합한 품종으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제24권9호
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• pp.890-894
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• 1991

We have performed a prospective study to assess the efficacy of suction drainage in 45 patients with primary spontaneous pneumothorax and 15 patients with secondary spontaneous pneumothorax, treated by closed chest tube drainage with underwater seal during the period Jan. 1990 to Dec. 1990 at the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Yeungnam University Hospital. The patients were divided randomly into two groups, 28 cases receiving suction and the other 32 cases no suction. The success rate was 82.1% for the former and 87.5% for the latter with the overall success rate of 85.0% and there was no significant difference in success rate between the two groups According to the causes and the extent of pneumothorax, the difference between the success rates of the two groups was also not significant statistically. But according to the duration of air leakage, suction group under 2 days showed a high success rate[46.4%] and the same group with 3-4 days, a relatively low success rate[21.4%] compared with that of the former. We conclude that the suction treatment is somewhat valuable in shortening the tubing time in patients with small amounts of air leakage, but it doesn`t seem to increase the success rate in all patients.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.73-79
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• 2002

Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of callotasis using the external fixator for the treatment of brachymetatarsia. Materials and Methods: Eleven patients(15 cases) who underwent callotasis were available. Follow-up averaged 23 months(15-38 months). Both the patients' postoperative satisfaction and the postoperative radiographic results were retrospectively evaluated. Results: The duration from applying the external fixator to remove averaged 15 weeks (8-21 weeks). We did osteotomy again in two cases because of early consolidation at the osteotomy site during distraction period. All cases were evaluated mild claw toe deformity and motional pain in metatarsophalangeal joint, but all patients satisfied the postoperative results except one complained motional pain and stiffness in metatarsophalangeal joint. The metatarsal shortening averaged 13mm(9-18mm) before operation. The amount of distraction for shortened metatarsals averaged 15mm(5-22mm). We found the 6 cases of narrowing of the metatarsophalangeal joint, 2 cases of subluxation of the metatarsophalangeal joint. Conclusion: We think that callotasis with external fixator is good operative method for the brachymetatarsia.

• 음성과학
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.187-201
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• 2000

This study was done to investigate the English vowels in relation to the foreign accent. In this study, I also tried to find out the foreign accent of the English diphthong /o/ and front low vowel /${\ae}$/ when Koreans speak English. The reason why I chose these vowels is that these vowels, /o/ and /${\ae}$/, are difficult for Koreans to discern and pronounce. Koreans show a foreign accent in their pronunciation. In order to find out the reason for a Korean foreign accent, experiments were carried out with the help of acoustic instruments. According to the results of the experiment, Koreans showed a foreign accent in their English pronunciation of vowels in relation to their utterance positions. Americans showed a final lengthening effect but Koreans showed a final shortening effect. This means that Koreans showed a foreign accent in the final stressed syllable of a sentence. In addition to this, the duration of two English vowels, /o/ and /${\ae}$/, showed considerably different features between Koreans and Americans. In fact, in the pronunciation of the diphthong /o/, the tongue moves from one position to another. The two articulations of a diphthong can be described as the nucleus plus a glide. However, most Koreans have no idea of this phenomenon and pronounce the diphthongs like two separate monophthongs. This causes a great difference in the lengths of English diphthong /o/ between Koreans and Americans.