• 한국축산식품학회지
• /
• 제41권2호
• /
• pp.274-287
• /
• 2021

The purpose of this study is to examine the physiological characteristics and anti-diabetic effects of Pediococcus pentosaceus KI62. The α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of P. pentosaceus KI62 was 94.86±3.30% and 98.59±0.52%, respectively. In MRS broth containing 3% maltodextrin inoculated by P. pentosaceus KI62, the amounts of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) were propionic acid 18.05±1.85 mg/kg, acetic acid 1.12±0.07 g/100 mL, and butyric acid 2.19±0.061 g/kg, and those of medium chain fatty acids (MCFA) were C8 0.262±0.031 mg/kg, C10 0.279±0.021 mg/kg, and C12 0.203±0.009 mg/kg. Compared to sixteen antibiotics, P. pentosaceus KI62 had the highest sensitivity to penicillin-G and rifampicin, as well as the highest resistance to vancomycin and ampicillin. The strain also showed higher leucine arylamidase and valine arylamidase activities than other enzyme activities, but it did not produce β-glucuronidase which is carcinogenic enzymes. The survival rate of P. pentosaceus KI62 in 0.3% bile was 91.67%. Moreover, the strain showed a 98.63% survival rate in pH 2.0. P. pentosaceus KI62 exhibits resistance to Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus at rates of 29.41%, 38.10%, 51.72%, and 50.47%, respectively. P. pentosaceus (23.31%) showed a similar adhesion ability to L. rhamnosus GG, the positive control (24.49%). These results show that P. pentosaceus KI62 has possibility as a probiotic with anti-diabetic effects.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제25권3호
• /
• pp.311-319
• /
• 2012

This study examined the effects of supplementation of fish oil and canola oil in the diet on milk yield, milk components and fatty acid composition of Holstein dairy cows in early lactation. Eight multiparous early lactation Holstein cows ($42{\pm}12$ DIM, $40{\pm}6kg$ daily milk yield) were fed a total mixed ration supplemented with either 0% oil (Control), 2% fish oil (FO), 1% canola oil +1% fish oil (FOCO), or 2% canola oil (CO) according to a double $4{\times}4$ Latin square design. Each period lasted 3 wk; experimental analyses were restricted to the last week of each period. Supplemental oils were added to a basal diet which was formulated according to NRC (2001) and consisted of 20% alfalfa, 20% corn silage and 60% concentrate. Milk yield was similar between diets (p>0.05), but dry matter intake (DMI) was lower (p<0.05) in cows fed FO diet compared to other diets. Milk fat percentage and daily yield decreased (p<0.01) with the supplementation of fish and canola oil. The daily yield and percentage of milk protein, lactose and solids-not-fat (SNF) were not affected by diets (p>0.05). The proportion (g/100 g fatty acids) of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) decreased and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) increased (p<0.05) in milk of all cows fed diets supplemented with oil. The proportions of 6:0, 8:0, 10:0 12:0 and 14:0 fatty acids in milk fat decreased (p<0.01) for all diets supplemented with oil, but the proportions of 14:1, 16:0 and 16:1 fatty acids were not affected by diets (p>0.05). The proportion of trans(t)-18:1 increased (p<0.01) in milk fat of cows fed FO and FOCO diets, but CO diet had the highest proportion of cis(c)-11 18:1 (p<0.01). The concentration of t-10, c-12 18:2, c-9 t-11 18:2, 18:3, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6) increased (p<0.05) in FO and FOCO diets in comparison with the other two diets. These data indicate that including fish oil in combination with canola oil significantly modifies the fatty acid composition of milk.

• Nutritional Sciences
• /
• 제7권4호
• /
• pp.196-200
• /
• 2004

There are increasing evidences that prebiotics can modulate various properties of the immune system. This study was conducted to investigate effects of three kinds of fructans (chicory inulin, chicory inulin oligosaccharide and fructooligosaccharide) and a glucose oligomer(isomaltooligosaccharide) in large bowel mass and innnunoglobulin A (IgA) in rats. Forty five Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing about 1909 were randomly sorted to receive one of the five treatments, which were control diet, control diet+6% isomaltooligosaccharide (IMOS), control diet+6% fructooligosaccharide (FOS), control diet+6% chicory inulin oligosaccharide (CIOS), or control diet + 6% chicory inulin (CI). Rats were pair-fed and received the experimental diets for 5 weeks. Cecal and colonic wall weights were significantly higher in fructan (FOS, CIOS, CI)-fed groups compared with control and IMOS groups, and the length of colon was elevated in FOS and CIOS groups compared with control group. Fecal concentrations of acetic acid and total short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were significantly elevated in fructan-fed groups. Plasma and cecal levels and fecal excretion of immunogiobulin A (IgA) in rats were not significantly different among groups. However, fructooligosaccharide tended to increase IgA level in cecum. Cecal IgA level was significantly negatively correlated with pH of cecal content (r=-0.337), positively correlated with acetic acid level (r=0.310). Fecal IgA excretion was positively correlated with total SCFA (r=0.311) and propionic acid (r=0.400) level in feces. These results indicate that fructooligosaccharide and chicory inulin oligosaccharide exerted trophic effects in large bowel wall, increased production of SCFAs and decreased pH, which were conditions positively associated with cecal and colonic IgA secretion.

• 한국축산식품학회지
• /
• 제38권6호
• /
• pp.1261-1272
• /
• 2018

The effects of Queso Blanco cheese containing Bifidobacterium longum KACC 91563 was studied on the intestinal microbiota and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in healthy companion dogs. There were three experimental groups with five healthy dogs each: a control group, not fed with any cheese, and groups fed with Queso Blanco cheese with (QCB) or without B. longum KACC 91563 (QC) for 8 weeks. Fecal samples were collected 5 times before, during, and after feeding with cheese. Intestinal microbiota was analyzed using two non-selective agar plates (BL and TS) and five selective agar plates (BS, NN, LBS, TATAC, and MacConkey). SPME-GC-MS method was applied to confirm SCFAs and indole in dog feces. The six intestinal metabolites such as acetic, propionic, butyric, valeric, isovaleric acid and indole were identified in dog feces. Administration of B. longum KACC 91563 (QCB) for 8 weeks significantly increased the beneficial intestinal bacteria such as Bifidobacterium ($8.4{\pm}0.55$) and reduced harmful bacteria such as Enterobacteriaceae and Clostridium (p<0.05). SCFA such as acetic and propionic acid were significantly higher in the QCB group than in the Control group (p<0.05). In conclusion, this study demonstrates that administration of Queso Blanco cheese containing B. longum KACC 91563 had positive effects on intestinal microbiota and metabolites in companion dogs. These results suggest that Queso Blanco cheese containing B. longum KACC 91563 could be used as a functional food for companion animals and humans.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제33권9호
• /
• pp.1149-1161
• /
• 2023

Changes in the gut microbiome cause recolonization by pathogens and inflammatory responses, leading to the development of intestinal disorders. Probiotics administration has been proposed for many years to reverse the intestinal dysbiosis and to enhance intestinal health. This study aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effects of two newly designed probiotic mixtures, Consti-Biome and Sensi-Biome, on two enteric pathogens Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli that may cause intestinal disorders. Additionally, the study was designed to evaluate whether Consti-Biome and Sensi-Biome could modulate the immune response, produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and reduce gas production. Consti-Biome and Sensi-Biome showed superior adhesion ratios to HT-29 cells and competitively suppressed pathogen adhesion. Moreover, the probiotic mixtures decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β. Cell-free supernatants (CFSs) were used to investigate the inhibitory effects of metabolites on growth and biofilms of pathogens. Consti-Biome and Sensi-Biome CFSs exhibited antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activity, where microscopic analysis confirmed an increase in the number of dead cells and the structural disruption of pathogens. Gas chromatographic analysis of the CFSs revealed their ability to produce SCFAs, including acetic, propionic, and butyric acid. SCFA secretion by probiotics may demonstrate their potential activities against pathogens and gut inflammation. In terms of intestinal symptoms regarding abdominal bloating and discomfort, Consti-Biome and Sensi-Biome also inhibited gas production. Thus, these two probiotic mixtures have great potential to be developed as dietary supplements to alleviate the intestinal disorders.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제34권2호
• /
• pp.84-90
• /
• 2001

저분자 alginate인 HAG-10, HAG-50, HAG-100 및 alginate를 랫드에 장기간 섭취시켰을 때, 분변의 무게와 수분함량, 단백질과 지방함량, pH, VBN 및 단쇄지방산을 측정하여 소화생리특성에 미치는 영향에 대하여 검토하였으며, 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 랫드분변의 무게와 수분함량의 변화는 alginate에서 가장 높은 증가를 보였고, 다음으로 HAG-100, HAG-50이었으며 HAG-10은 투여전과 거의 변화가 없었다. 분변의 단백질과 지방함량은 $5\%$ HAG-50에서 가장 높았고, 그 소화율은 $5\%$와 $10\%$ HAG-50에서 유의적으로 현저히 저하하였다. 분변의 pH는 $5\%$와 $10\%$ HAG-50에서 급격하게 저하하였으나, $10\%$ HAG-100과 alginate에서는 오히려 급격히 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. VBN은 $10\%$ HAG-10, HAG-50 모두 그리고 $1\%$와 $5\%$ HAG-100에서 뚜렷한 저하를 보였으나, $10\%$ HAG-100 및 $5\%$와 $10\%$ alginate는 반대로 급격히 증가하였다. 단쇄지방산의 변화는 $5\%$와 $10\%$ HAG-50에서 n-butyric acid가 증가하였고, propionic acid와 acetic acid는 반대로 현저히 감소하였다. 이상의 결과로부터, HAG-50은 랫드 분변의 pH와 VBN을 현저히 저하시켰으며, 단쇄지방산중 n-butyric acid를 증가시키고 propionic acid와 acetic acid를 유의적으로 감소시켰으므로, 랫드의 소화생리특성을 개선시키는 데 있어서 효과적인 저분자 alginate라고 사료된다.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
• /
• 제30권3호
• /
• pp.400-410
• /
• 2013

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of feeding the broilers that are exposed to extreme heat stress by control of inverse lighting times with night restricted feeding of extreme heat diet(EHD1, 2: extreme heat diet) containing different amount of soy oil, molasses, amino acids and vitamin C on short chain fatty acid and blood lipid profile. 300 broiler chickens(Abaica strain) were randomized into four dietary treatment groups according to a randomized block design on the day they were hatched. The four dietary treatment groups were: T1(EHD 1, 10:00~19:00 Dark, 19:00~10:00 Light), T2(EHD 2, 10:00~19:00 Dark, 19:00~10:00 Light), T3(EHD 1, 09:00~18:00 Dark, 18:00~09:00 Light), T4(EHD 2, 09:00~18:00 Dark, 18:00~09:00 Light). The body weight gain of the broilers was highest in T2, and high in order T1, T4, T3(p<0.05). Weights of the lymphoid organ, thymus and bursa of Fabricius were high in T1, T2 as compared to T3, T4 but spleen was lower in T4 than T1, T2, T3(p<0.05). Blood triglyceride, total cholesterol and glucose were higher in T1, T2 than T3, T4(p<0.05). LDL-C was high in orderT4, T3, T2, T1 but HDL-C showed the opposite trend(p<0.05). Blood concentrations of IgG, IgG and IgM were higher in T1, T2 than inT3, T4, but the corticosterone concentration decreased significantly in them. In T1 and T2, Lactobacillus in the feces increased, but total aerobic bacteria, E.coli, coliform bacteria was decreased rather significantly, compared with those in T3 and T4(p<0.05). Concentrations of acetic acid, propionic acid and total SCFA in cecum were high in order T2, T1, T3, T4, but butyric acid, isobutyric acid, valeric acid, isovaleric acid were lower in T1, T2 than in T3, T4 (p<0.05).

• 한국초지조사료학회지
• /
• 제33권4호
• /
• pp.257-262
• /
• 2013

양돈 사료에 발효탄수화물을 첨가하여 돼지의 슬러리에서 악취물질의 농도를 평가하였다. VFA 분석결과, 분뇨의 SCFA 농도는 대조구, 땅콩껍질, 아몬드피 및 골든화이버구에서 각각 1,893, 1,591, 1,433 및 1,319 ppm으로 대조구에서 가장 높았고(p<0.05), 아몬드피와 골든파이버 구에서 가장 낮았다(p<0.05). VFA의 구성을 살펴보면 SCFA 중에서 아세트산의 비율이 가장 높으며, 다음으로 프로피온산, 부티르산, BCFA 순으로 낮았다. BCFA의 농도는 대조구, 땅콩껍질, 아몬드피 및 골든화이버 구에서 각각 98, 92, 78 및 74 ppm으로 대조구에서 가장 높았고(p<0.05), 골든화이버 구에서 가장 낮았다(p<0.05). VOC 분석결과, 분뇨의 페놀류 농도는 대조구, 땅콩껍질, 아몬드피 및 골든화이버 구에서 각각 97.3, 47.0, 54.3 및 33.3 ppm으로 골든화이버 구에서 가장 낮았으며, 대조구에서 가장 높았다(p<0.05). 그리고 p-크레졸 농도가 페놀류 농도의 93~96%를 차지하였다. 인돌류 농도는 대조구, 땅콩껍질, 아몬드피 및 골든화이버 구에서 각각 1.8, 1.3, 1.2 및 1.0 ppm으로 발효탄수화물 처리구간에 차이가 없었으며(p>0.05), 대조구에서 가장 높았다(p<0.05). ${NH_4}^+$-N의 농도는 대조구, 땅콩껍질, 아몬드피 및 골든화이버 구에서 각각 1,395, 995, 995 및 836 ppm으로 대조구에서 가장 높았으며, 골든화이버 구에서 가장 낮았다(p<0.05). 가축의 장내 또는 슬러리에서 발효과정 동안 미생물이 성장을 위해 필요로 하는 에너지가 제한요소로 작용되면, 미생물은 단백질을 에너지원으로 이용하기 때문에 많은 아미노산이 분해되어 악취물질이 증가 될 수 있다. 따라서 다른 처리구에 비하여 골든화이버 구에서 VOC의 농도가 가장 낮은 것은 골든화이버의 높은 NDF 함량으로(Getachew et al., 2004) 단백질 발효보다 탄수화물 발효가 활발하게 일어나 악취물질의 농도가 낮았다고 판단된다.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
• /
• 제37권1호
• /
• pp.57-68
• /
• 2024

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to analyze the current trends of various herbal medicine research on allergic disease with dysbiosis. Methods : Electronic searches were performed using Pubmed, Research Information Sharing Service(RISS), Korean studies Information Service System(KISS), Oriental medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System(OASIS). Results : We analyzed ten studies on the effect of herbal medicine on allergic disease with dysbiosis. Eight studies were animal experimental studies, and two were randomized clinical trial(RCT) study and one-group pretest-posttest research, respectively. Among the studies, three studies were on atopic dermatitis, two on allergic rhinitis, and five on asthma. All different herbal medicines were used in the studies. Changes in gut microbiota composition were observed in nine studies except for 1 RCT study. In eight animal experimental studies, there was significant reduction in allergy-related inflammatory markers. Six studies evaluated the change of metabolites related to gut microbiota and three of them showed significant increase in short-chain fatty acids(SCFA). Conclusion : This study provides current trends of studies on herbal medicine research on allergic disease with dysbiosis. Most research is conducted using animal experiments, and this is a relatively recent trend. These studies offer basic knowledge on the correlation between herbal medicine, gut microbiota, and anti-inflammatory effects in allergic disease.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제31권11호
• /
• pp.1833-1839
• /
• 2018

Objective: Incorporating high fibre ingredients into pig diets has the potential to reduce odour emissions from of pigs. The current study was carried out to determine effect of diets containing 0, 80 and 160 g/kg of each of lucerne hay, maize cobs and sunflower husks on the chemical characteristics and odours from pig slurries. Methods: Twenty eight pigs averaging $18{\pm}2.0kg$ were kept in individual cages, over four weeks. All pigs were fed ad libitum. Faeces and urine were collected, mixed in a 1:2.3 ratio (w/w), stored and fermented for 16 days in a temperature controlled room at $22^{\circ}C{\pm}2.3^{\circ}C$. The slurry was sampled twice (on day 1 and on day 16) of the fermentation period and analysed for pH, chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrogen and short chain fatty acids (SCFA) concentration, on wet basis. All samples were tested for odour offensiveness using 18 panelists. A scale of 1 to 5 was used to rank the odour severity, (1 = not offensive, 5 = extremely offensive). Results: Slurry pH and COD varied with fibre source (p<0.05). On day 16, COD for lucerne hay, sunflower husk and maize cobs were 369, 512, and 425 (standard error of the mean = 34.2) mg of oxygen per litre. Total SCFA concentration was higher at day 16 than day 1 (p<0.05). Odour offensiveness varied with fibre source across both incubation periods (p<0.05). Sunflower husks and lucerne hay-based diets were rated as less offensive (mean rank = 2.2) than maize cob diets (mean rank of 4.3) (p<0.05). Conclusion: It was concluded that different fibre sources and incubation period influence chemical composition and odour of the slurry. There is, thereby, a need to incorporate locally available fibrous feeds in the diet of pigs because they have an economical and environmental relevance to pig management.