• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.64-68
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• 2000

Background and Objectives : To assess the role of altered vocal function in transient voice change after short-term endotracheal intubation, we evaluated acoustic parameters, aerodynamic parameters, and laryngoscopic characteristics preoperatively and postoperatively. Materials and Methods : Vocal function of 10 patients undergoing tympanoplasty and mastoidectomy using general anesthesia and endotracheal intubation were studied preoperatively, at 1day and 7 days after extubation. Acoustic analysis, aerodynamic study, and telescopic examination were used to assess vocal function. Results : In acoustic parameters, there was no significant difference between preoperative and postoperative measures. However, in subglottic pressure, ere was a significant decrease at 1 day after extubation and this change was return to preoperative value at 7 days after extubation. MPT(Maximal Phonation Time), MER(Mean flow Ratio), and VC(Vital Capacity) were decreased 1 day after extubation but did not show statistically significant change. Three of 10 patients manifested a vocal fold edema and injection 1 day after extubation. Conclusions : Subglottic pressure revealed a significant decrease at 1 day after extubation. And this change was correlated with laryngeal morphologic change and decrement in pulmonary function.

• 생태와환경
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• 제38권4호통권114호
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• pp.435-438
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• 2005

We observed the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of an acidic lake, Lake Katanuma, from 1998 to 2002 at weekly or biweekly intervals, except during the winter. This volcanic lake has a dimictic thermal pattern. In summer, the volcanic heat supply at the lake bottom results in weak thermal stratification. In 1998, 1999, and 2002, short-term holomixis was observed during the stratification period, when the anoxic, hydrogen sulfide-rich water from the hypolimnion spread across the entire lake. In contrast, distinct short-term holomixis did not occur during the stratificatlon period in 2000 and 2001. However, the early onset of the autumn turnover in August 2000 and 2001 caused anoxic conditions to persist throughout the entire water column for more than 2 weeks. The anoxic and hydrogen sulfide-rich conditions affected population densities of chironomid larvae (Chironomus acerbiphilus) and planktonic algae (Chlamydomonas acidophila), both dominant species in Lake Katanuma. Thus, the interannual variations of limnological characteristics influenced the seasonal population changes of these species.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.672-679
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• 2018

Recently, microgrid (MG) has been proposed as one of the most critical solutions for various energy problems. For the optimal and economic operation of MGs, it is very important to forecast the load profile. However, it is not easy to predict the load accurately since the load in a MG is small and highly variable. In this paper, we propose an artificial neural network (ANN) based method to predict the energy use in campus buildings in short-term time series from one hour up to one week. The proposed method analyzes and extracts the features from the historical data of load and temperature to generate the prediction of future energy consumption in the building based on sparsified K-means. To evaluate the performance of the proposed approach, historical load data in hourly resolution collected from the campus buildings were used. The experimental results show that the proposed approach outperforms the conventional forecasting methods.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.599-605
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• 1998

The purpose of this work was to examine whether X-Y chromosome dissociation in the primary spermatocytes of mice could be used as an in vivo short-term assaying system that detect environmental mutagens. Four alkylating agents(EMS, MMS, MMC and MNNG) which were known as strong mutagens were administered to BALB/c male mice 3-4 months old. In the control group, the mean frequencies of previously dissociated X and Y chromosomes and autosomes were 7.17% and 2.12%, respectively. Compared to the control group, mutagen-treated groups have no significant differences in dissociation rate of autosomes, while these poops were about 1.2-2.5 times higher in the frequencies of X-Y dissociation. Generally, X-Y dissociation frequency increased consistently with the concentration of mutagens whereas the tendency of autosome dissociation frequency was variable among several mutagens. These results suggest that X-Y dissociation in the primary spermatocytes of mice is applicable as an vivo short-term assaying system for environmental mutagens. There were significantly distinct increase in dissociation of X-Y chromosome in both the hybrid and parents but the X-Y previous dissociation of hybrid appeared higher frequency than BALB /c and wild mice. These results indicate that the factor related to binding X-Y chromosome is specific to strains.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.1304-1310
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• 2015

In remote islands, due to expense of existing generation systems, installation of photovoltaic cells (PVs) and wind turbines has a chance of reducing generation costs. However, in island power systems, even short-term power fluctuations change the frequency of grids because of their small inertia constant. In order to compensate power fluctuations, the authors proposed the power consumption control of pumps which send water to tanks. The power control doesn’t affect water users’ convenience as long as tanks hold water. Based on experimental characteristics of a pump system, this paper shows methods to determine reference power consumption of the system with compensation for short-term PV fluctuations while satisfying water demand. One method uses a PI controller and the other method calculates reference power consumption from water flow reference. Simulations with a PV and a pump system are carried out to find optimum parameters and to compare the methods. Results show that both PI control method and water flow calculation method are useful for satisfying the water demand constraint. The water demand constraint has a little impact to suppression of the short-term power fluctuation in this condition.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제66권4호
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• pp.621-628
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• 2017

This paper presents an artificial neural network (ANN) based model with a back-propagation algorithm for short-term load forecasting in microgrid power systems. Owing to the significant weather factors for such purpose, relevant input variables were selected in order to improve the forecasting accuracy. As remarked above, forecasting is more complex in a microgrid because of the increased variability of disaggregated load curves. Accurate forecasting in a microgrid will depend on the variables employed and the way they are presented to the ANN. This study also shows numerically that there is a close relationship between forecast errors and the number of training patterns used, and so it is necessary to carefully select the training data to be employed with the system. Finally, this work demonstrates that the concept of load forecasting and the ANN tools employed are also applicable to the microgrid domain with very good results, showing that small errors of Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) around 3% are achievable.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.164-169
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• 2014

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the short-term effects of a 12-day, soft pellet (SP) diet with a 3-h restricted feeding schedule on caloric intake, body weight, lipid metabolism, and insulin sensitivity. Glucose and insulin levels were measured pre-, mid-, and post-feeding. The SP rats exhibited postprandial hyperglycemia compared to rats fed control pellets (CP). The insulin response of SP rats during a meal was significantly higher than that of CP rats. There were no significant differences in the hepatic triacylglycerol contents and lipogenesis gene mRNA levels of SP and CP rats. However, the hepatocytes of SP rats were slightly hypertrophic. In addition, histological analysis revealed that the pancreases of SP rats had more islet areas than those of CP rats. This study demonstrated that feeding an SP-only diet for 12 days induces glucose intolerance, suggesting that the consumption of absorbable food, like a soft diet, may trigger glucose metabolism insufficiency and lead to life-threatening diseases.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전력기술부문A
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• 제54권10호
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• pp.467-474
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• 2005

This paper presents a systematic method to compute a reliability measure for a short term electrical load forecasting system using neuro-fuzzy models. It has been realized that the reliability computation is essential for a load forecasting system to be applied practically. The proposed method employs a local reliability measure in order to exploit the local representation characteristic of the neuro-fuzzy models. It, hence, estimates the reliability of each fuzzy rule learned. The design procedure of the proposed short term load forecasting system is as follows: (1) construct initial structures of neuro-fuzzy models, (2) store them in the initial structure bank, (3) train the neuro-fuzzy model using an appropriate initial structure, and (4) compute load prediction and its reliability. In order to demonstrate the viability of the proposed method, we develop an one hour ahead load forecasting system by using the real load data collected during 1996 and 1997 at KEPCO. Simulation results suggest that the proposed scheme extends the applicability of the load forecasting system with the reliably computed reliability measure.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.75-82
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• 2011

Objectives: This case report aimed to evaluate whether oriental medical treatment was effective on ADHD through a records review of a local oriental medical clinic. Methods: We reviewed clinical charts of a local oriental medical clinic between December 2007 and September 2010 to select ADHD patients. Among those patients, for comparison before and after treatment, we selected cases which had at least twice Stroop test results and 2 months of treatment. Baseline, 3-month and 6-month Stroop test results were compared. Oriental medical treatment consisted of 2 months' herbal medicine, periodic acupuncture and exercise. Results: 1. 3-month data showed that subjects were 12 and improved word score and word-color score of Stroop test. 2. 6-month data showed that subjects were 20 and improved word score, color score, and word-color score of Stroop test. Conclusions: 1. Relatively short term herbal medication and exercise are effective on the word score and word-color score of the Stroop test. 2. After short term herbal medication, continuous exercise maintained the effects of short term oriental medical treatment. 3. We need to consider the balance of left and right as an important point of exercise, but further study is needed.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.681-688
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• 2017

An obese patient was treated with Korean medicine for a short-term period of seven days while under admission care. In this case report, we report the efficacy of a complex treatment comprising various Korean medicine methods by evaluating the differences in obesity-linked factors. The patient lost weight loss and showed decreases in fat mass and various indexes of obesity. Korean medicine could therefore represent a prompt and effective treatment for obese patients.