• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.308-318
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• 2021

Purpose: The benefits of robotic gastrectomy remain controversial. We designed this study to elucidate the advantages of a hybrid robot and laparoscopic gastrectomy over conventional laparoscopic surgery. Materials and Methods: A total of 176 patients who underwent gastrectomy for gastric cancer were included in this study. We compared 88 patients treated with hybrid robotic and laparoscopic gastrectomy (HRLG) and 88 patients who underwent conventional laparoscopic gastrectomy (CLG). In HRLG, suprapancreatic lymph node (LN) dissection was performed in a robotic setting. Clinicopathological characteristics, operative details, and short-term outcomes were analyzed for the patients. Results: The number of LNs retrieved from the suprapancreatic area was significantly greater in the HRLG group (11.27±5.46 vs. 9.17±5.19, P=0.010). C-reactive protein levels were greater in the CLG group on both postoperative day (POD) 1 (5.11±2.64 vs. 4.29±2.38, P=0.030) and POD 5 (9.86±6.51 vs. 7.75±5.17, P=0.019). In addition, the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio was significantly greater in the CLG group on both POD 1 (7.44±4.72 vs. 6.16±2.91, P=0.031) and POD 5 (4.87±3.75 vs. 3.81±1.87, P=0.020). Pulmonary complications occurred only in the CLG group (4/88 [4.5%] vs. 0/88 [0%], P=0.043). Conclusions: HRLG is superior to CLG in terms of suprapancreatic LN dissection and postoperative inflammatory response.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.23 no.9
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• pp.1-7
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• 2023

Demand prediction is an essential component of any business or supply chain. Large retailers need to keep track of tens of millions of items flows each day to ensure smooth operations and strong margins. The demand prediction is in the epicenter of this planning tornado. For business processes in retail companies that deal with a variety of products with short shelf life and foodstuffs, forecast accuracy is of the utmost importance due to the shifting demand pattern, which is impacted by an environment of dynamic and fast response. All sectors strive to produce the ideal quantity of goods at the ideal time, but for retailers, this issue is especially crucial as they also need to effectively manage perishable inventories. In light of this, this research aims to show how Machine Learning approaches can help with demand forecasting in retail and future sales predictions. This will be done in two steps. One by using historic data and another by using open data of weather conditions, fuel, Consumer Price Index (CPI), holidays, any specific events in that area etc. Several machine learning algorithms were applied and compared using the r-squared and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) assessment metrics. The suggested method improves the effectiveness and quality of feature selection while using a small number of well-chosen features to increase demand prediction accuracy. The model is tested with a one-year weekly dataset after being trained with a two-year weekly dataset. The results show that the suggested expanded feature selection approach provides a very good MAPE range, a very respectable and encouraging value for anticipating retail demand in retail systems.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.23 no.8
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• pp.210-216
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• 2023

Demand prediction is an essential component of any business or supply chain. Large retailers need to keep track of tens of millions of items flows each day to ensure smooth operations and strong margins. The demand prediction is in the epicenter of this planning tornado. For business processes in retail companies that deal with a variety of products with short shelf life and foodstuffs, forecast accuracy is of the utmost importance due to the shifting demand pattern, which is impacted by an environment of dynamic and fast response. All sectors strive to produce the ideal quantity of goods at the ideal time, but for retailers, this issue is especially crucial as they also need to effectively manage perishable inventories. In light of this, this research aims to show how Machine Learning approaches can help with demand forecasting in retail and future sales predictions. This will be done in two steps. One by using historic data and another by using open data of weather conditions, fuel, Consumer Price Index (CPI), holidays, any specific events in that area etc. Several machine learning algorithms were applied and compared using the r-squared and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) assessment metrics. The suggested method improves the effectiveness and quality of feature selection while using a small number of well-chosen features to increase demand prediction accuracy. The model is tested with a one-year weekly dataset after being trained with a two-year weekly dataset. The results show that the suggested expanded feature selection approach provides a very good MAPE range, a very respectable and encouraging value for anticipating retail demand in retail systems.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.100-106
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• 2001

Purpose : We performed a retrospective analysis to compare short term results of induction chemotherapy-radiotherapy versus concurrent chemo-radiotherapy in patients with locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Materials and Methods : From Oct. 1989 to May 1998, 62 patients with locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma were treated with induction chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy (induction group) or concurrent chemo-radiotherapy (concurrent group). Induction chemotherapy was done for 50 patients, and concurrent chemotherapy for 12 patients. Age, sex, performance status, and pathologic types were evenly distributed between two groups. Stage distribution showed $32\%$ with IIB, $32\%$ with III, and $38\%$ with IV in induction group, and $50\%,\;33.3\%,\;and\;16.7\%$ in concurrent group, respectively. Chemotherapy regimen was CF (cisplatin and 5-FU) in both groups, and drug delivery method also same. Cisplatin $100\;mg/m^2$ was intravenously infused on day 1, and 5-FU $1,000\;mg/m^2$ on day $2\~6$. This was repeated at 3 weeks interval. At the end of radiotherapy, total cycles of chemotherapy were $1\~3$ (median 2) in both groups. Conventionally fractionated radiotherapy with daily fraction size $1.8\~2.0\;Gy$ and 5 fractions/week was done. Total dose was $69.4\~86\;Gy$(median 73.4 Gy) for induction group, and $69.4\~75.4\;Gy$ (median 70.8 Gy) for concurrent group. Follow-up time was $9\~116$ months (median 40.5 months) for induction group, $14\~29$ months (median 21 months) for concurrent group, respectively. Results : Overall 2 year survival rate (2YSR) for all patients was $78.7\%$. According to treatment modality, 2YSR were $77\%$ for induction group, $87\%$ for concurrent group (p>0.05). 2 year disease-free survival rate were $56\%$ and $81\%\;(p>0.05)$, respectively. Complete response to treatment were $75.5\%$ for induction group and $91.7\%$ for concurrent group, but there was no statistical difference. The incidence of grade $3\~4$ hematologic toxicity during radiotherapy was not differ between two groups, but grade 2 leukopenia was more frequent in concurrent group $(18\%\;vs\;66.7\%)$Grade $3\~4$ mucositis was more frequent in concurrent group $(4.0\%\;vs\;33.3\%)$. Overall incidence of grade $3\~4$ acute toxicity during radiotherapy was more frequent in concurrent group $(6.0\%\;vs\;41.7\%,\;p=0.005)$. Conclusion : Concurrent chemo-radiotherapy showed a trend of improvement in short-term survival and in treatment response when compared with induction chemotherapy-radiotherapy in locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma. More controlled randomized trial are needed.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.106-114
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• 2007

Background : Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba, Ephedra sinica $S_{TAPE}$) has been widely used to treat respiratory disease in Asian over the past thousand years. The main ingredient of Mahuang is ephedrine, whose affects on the autonomic nervous system induce some adverse effects like vasoconstriction, hypertension, tachycardia, miosis, insomnia, dizziness, headache, etc. Although there were lots of reports about adverse effects of Mahuang, there were no clinical studies which evaluated the adverse effects of Mahuang on the autonomic nervous system by objective numerical value in the past decade. Objectives : The purpose of this report was to provide an objective assessment of state-trait anxiety that is caused by Mahuang, and to identify anxiety of Mahuang according to different Sasang constitution classifications. Methods : The study design was a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial. The subjects of this study were 79 adults aged between 20 to 40 who agreed to participate. Because 8 adults dropped out, a total of 71 subjects entered the study. They were allocated through randomization to a Mahuang group (N=50) and placebo group (N=21). Each group took three opaque capsules (every opaque capsule containing 2g of Mahuang or none) twice a day. To compare the state and trait anxiety before and after taking Mahuang, we checked the anxiety by using STAI-KYZ. Results : The following results were obtained. Short-term administration of Mahuang significantly increased state-anxiety, but in the placebo group, there were no significant changes in state-anxiety. In the Mahuang group except females, there was more significant increase in state-anxiety of Soeumin than Soyangin and Taeumin in the 2nd measurement. Conclusion : It is suggested that the ingestion of Mahuang can increase sympathetic activity and induce anxiety. There was a significant difference among Sasang constitution classification. Especially, the response is stronger in Soeumin than other constitutions. If we use Mahuang according to the Sasang constitution classification in clinic, we could not only minimize the anxiety but maximize the potential curative value.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.424-431
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• 2007

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of short road transportation in an open truck during hot season on live weight shrink, physiological responses, and carcass and meat quality of Omani sheep at 6 and 12 months of age. Thirty-six male sheep, 18 of each age group, were used. Age groups were assigned randomly to transported and not-transported groups. The transported group was transported to the slaughterhouse the day of slaughter in an open truck covering a distance of approximately 100 km. The average temperature during transportation was $37^{\circ}C$. The not-transported group was kept in a lairage of a commercial slaughterhouse with ad libitum feed and water for 48 h prior to slaughter. Blood samples were collected from sheep before loading and prior to slaughter via jugular venipuncture to assess their physiological response to transport in relation to hormonal levels. Animals were weighed just before loading onto a truck and after transport to assess shrinkage. Muscle ultimate pH, expressed juice, cooking loss percentage, WB-shear force value, sarcomere length and colour L*, a*, b* were measured on samples from longissimus dorsi, biceps femoris and semitendinosus muscles collected at 24 h postmortem at $1-3^{\circ}C$. Live weight shrinkage losses were 1.09 and 1.52 kg for 6 and 12 month transported sheep, respectively. The transported sheep had significantly (p<0.05) higher cortisol, adrenaline, noradrenaline, and dopamine concentration levels prior to slaughter at both ages than the not-transported sheep. Transportation significantly influenced meat quality characteristics of three muscles. Muscle ultimate pH and shear force values were significantly higher, while CIE L*, a*, b*, expressed juice and cooking loss were lower in transported than not-transported sheep. Age had a significant effect on meat quality characteristics of Omani sheep. These results indicated that short-term pre-slaughter transport at high ambient temperatures can cause noticeable changes in physiological and muscle metabolism responses in sheep.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.183-190
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• 2017

Blood flow restriction(BFR) exercise is defined as low and short lengthexercise with pneumatic pressure belts at the top of the limbs. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of walking exercise with BFR on body composition, growth hormone, and muscle damage markers in obese women. Eleven obese women(> BMI 25kg/m2&> body fat 30%) wore pneumatic pressure belts at both femurs and performed walking exercise twice per day, 3days/wk for 4 week (walking 2min; resting 1min). Body weight, BMI and body fat significantly decreased after exercise(p<0.05), while% body fat was slightly decreased after exercise, although this difference was not significant. Growth hormones increased slightly after exercise, although not significantly. Muscle damage markers (CK(p<0.05), LDH(p<0.05) and K+(p<0.01 increased significantly after exercise, but Mb was did not change significantly. These results suggest that 4-weeks ofblood flow restriction exercisecould be used to prevent and treat obesity and related chronic diseases, as well as metabolic syndrome. Moreover, the effects were similar to those observed in response to high intensity resistance programs, despite the short period for which BFR were conducted.

• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.187-198
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• 2002

Chlorpyrifos is an organophosphate insecticide and one of the most commonly and widely used insecticide. However, a little known about the dermal risk of chlorpyrifos on human being. Therefore, this study was conducted for the dermal risk assessment after exposure to chlorpyrifos in Korean farmers. First, skin irritation by chlorpyrifos (10 mg/$\textrm{cm}^2$, 50 mg/$\textrm{cm}^2$, 100 mg/$\textrm{cm}^2$, 250 mg/$\textrm{cm}^2$ in acetone) was determined in rabbits for 5 days considering the usage of chlorpyrifos short term highly exposure. The index of skin irritation by chlorpyrifos was increased in each dose and length of exposure dependent manners. Next, using benchmark dose (BMD$_{5}$) approach, the dose-response relationship was assessed to calculate the reference dose (RfD). The value of RfD was 2.84 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg/day from 142.16 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg/day BMD5 value divided uncertainty factor 50. Finally, we assessed human dermal risk of chlorpyrifos with exposure level and RfD. Skin absorbed levels were assumed with several exposure scenarios encounting the circumstances of exposure that application method, protection equipment and cloth, exposure time and exposure frequency during chlorpyrifos spraying. By the comparison of skin absorbed dose with the reference dose, it was identified that risk values (risk index) to skin chlorpyrifos exposure were 0.958 from the point of above results and it was recommended that the occurrence of hazard effect (skin irritation toxicity) of chlorpyrifos would not be expected. Risk index was smaller than 1 in the case of spraying vehicle mounted application, 1hour exposure time and wearing protective cloth exposure. Whereas, risk index was above 1 in the case of hand-held application, 2hour exposure time and wearing common cloth. Comparing two kinds of application method, total risk index of the hand held application (1.67) was higher than vehicle mounted (0.27). Therefore, chlorpyrifos skin exposure was mainly affected by application equipment and applied form. The results of risk assessment on the human dermal toxicity of chlorpyrifos should be required to control in keeping safety rules, skin surface area available for contact, spraying time ,and spraying frequency.y.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.253-263
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• 2016

Chrysanthemum production would benefit from crop growth simulations, which would support decision-making in crop management. Chrysanthemum is a typical short day plant of which floral initiation and development is sensitive to photoperiod. We developed a model to predict phenological development and leaf appearance of chrysanthemum (cv. Baekseon) using daylength (including civil twilight period), air temperature, and management options like light interruption and ethylene treatment as predictor variables. Chrysanthemum development stage (DVS) was divided into juvenile (DVS=1.0), juvenile to budding (DVS=1.33), and budding to flowering (DVS=2.0) phases for which different strategies and variables were used to predict the development toward the end of each phenophase. The juvenile phase was assumed to be completed at a certain leaf number which was estimated as 15.5 and increased by ethylene application to the mother plant before cutting and the transplanted plant after cutting. After juvenile phase, development rate (DVR) before budding and flowering were calculated from temperature and day length response functions, and budding and flowering were completed when the integrated DVR reached 1.33 and 2.0, respectively. In addition the model assumed that leaf appearance terminates just before budding. This model predicted budding date, flowering date, and leaf appearance with acceptable accuracy and precision not only for the calibration data set but also for the validation data set which are independent of the calibration data set.

• The Korean Journal of Financial Management
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.103-138
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• 2009

In this article we examine a unique data set of intraday fair disclosure(FD) releases to shed light on market efficiency within the trading day. Specifically, this paper analyze the response of stock prices on fair disclosure disseminated in real-time through KIND(Korea Investor's Network for Disclosure) on Korea stock exchange during the period from January 2003 to September 2004. We find that the prices of stock experiences a statistically and economically significant increase beginning seconds after the fair disclosure is initially announced and lasting approximately two minutes. The stock price responds more strongly to fair disclosure on smaller firm but the response to fair disclosure on the largest firm stock is more gradual, lasting five minutes. We also examine the profitability of a short-term trading strategy based on dissemination of fair disclosure. After controlling for trading costs we find that trader who execute a trade following initial disclosure generate negative profits, but trader buying stock before initial disclosure realize statistically significant positive profit after two minute of disclosure. Summarizing overall results, our evidence supports that security prices on Korea stock exchange reflects all available information within two minutes and the Korea stock market is semi-strongly efficient enough that a trader cannot generate profits based on widely disseminated news unless he acts almost immediately.