• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.99-103
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate how microwave drying, a method to minimize the scent and physicochemical changes of the final products, affects the quality characteristics of various herbs according to treatment intensity (pulse and continuous waves) and time. In the current study, different physicochemical qualities, such as weight change, moisture content, water activity, color, and microbial growth, of five different Korean herbs were analyzed after microwave drying. The results clearly showed that the pulse wave method was a more effective approach than the continuous wave method for maintaining the physicochemical properties of herbs. Furthermore, pulse wave drying lead to efficient microbial death in various herbs after a short time. Thus, microwave drying with a pulse wave can be applied to herb processing and packaging technology while minimizing the quality changes of herbs.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.93-100
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• 2022

This study aimed to understand the current status of science and engineering university(SEU) R&D operations depending on the research project characteristics(e.g., stages and characteristics), then provide implications for future university R&D support systems and related policies. Hence, an online survey targeting SEU R&D recipients was conducted between October 4th to November 5th, 2021. Analyzing 445 valid data using the Apriori algorithm, 16 association rules for R&D operation according to the research project characteristics show that regardless of research characteristics, SEU's R&D projects, particularly in applied research, were funded or operated under the leadership of government or public institutions. For basic research, individual researchers had a higher level of autonomy in determining research topics; yet, they had a short duration (3 years) and a unit of evaluation period of more than 3 years. These findings can be empirical evidence for revealing the relationship among various variables in operating SEUs' R&D.

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.35
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• pp.295-330
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• 2020

This paper examines the current state of the field wherein theoretical issues of ecology are still in need of concentration. Ecological texts are reconsidered from a religious worldview by extracting eco-friendly notions within religion and discourse is also essential in the practical field. As a case study on this matter, this paper aims to describe various aspects of ecological theory in Daesoon Jinrihoe, a new religious movement in Korea. In short, in its view of the natural world, Daesoon Jinrihoe values that all things originated from the Supreme God who presides over them, and the two are organically interrelated. Hence, the principle of nature is cherished. Especially as the Later World draws near, the fundamental basis of nature is slated to undergo change, and this also features heavily in Daesoon Jinrihoe's view of the natural world. Furthermore, the Supreme God reforms nature, and human beings live lives in conformity and resonance with that reformed nature. Above all else, the doctrines of haewon sangsaeng (the resolution of grievances for mutual beneficence) and boeun sangsaeng (the reciprocation of favors for mutual beneficence) are advocated in Daesoon Jinrihoe. Each supports its own form of ecological discourse, and together, they can be called Sangsaeng Ecological Theory (the Ecological Theory of Mutual Beneficence). Specific discussions of Daesoon Jinrihoe and ecology should be considered in light of this finding.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.33-40
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• 2021

Currently, the shipping and port industries are implementing strategies to improve port processing capabilities through the expansion and efficient operation of port logistics resources to survive fierce competition with rapidly changing trends. The calculation of the port's processing capacity is determined by the loading and unloading equipment installed at the dock, and the port's processing capacity can be improved through various methods, such as additional deployment of logistics resources or efficient operation of resources in use. However, it is difficult to expect an improvement effect in a short period of time because the additional deployment of logistics resources is clearly limited in time is clear. Therefore, it is a feasible way to find an efficient operation method for resources being used to improve processing capacity. Domestic ports are also actively promoting informatization and digitalization with the development of the 4th industrial revolution technology. However, the calculation of the number of Y/T (Yard Tractor) assignments in the current unloading process depends on expert experience, and related previous studies also focus on the allocations of Y/T or Calculation of the total number of Y/T required. Therefore, this study analyzed the factors affecting the number of Y/T allocations using the loading and unloading information of incoming ships, and based on this, cluster analysis, regression analysis, and deep neural network(DNN) model were used.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.7-15
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• 2022

Since the direct and indirect damage caused by the fire in the underground utility tunnel will cause great damage to society as a whole, it is necessary to make efforts to prevent and control it in advance. The most of the fires that occur in cables are caused by short circuits, earth leakage, ignition due to over-current, overheating of conductor connections, and ignition due to sparks caused by breakdown of insulators. In order to find the cause of fire at an early stage due to the characteristics of the underground utility tunnel and to prevent disasters and safety accidents, we are constantly managing it with a detection system using image analysis and making efforts. Among them, a case of developing a fire detection system using CCTV-based deep learning image analysis technology has been reported. However, CCTV needs to be supplemented because there are blind spots. Therefore, we would like to develop a high-performance acoustic-based deep learning model that can prevent fire by detecting the spark sound before spark occurs. In this study, we propose a method that can collect sound in underground utility tunnel environments using microphone sensor through development and experiment of prototype module. After arranging an acoustic sensor in the underground utility tunnel with a lot of condensation, it verifies whether data can be collected in real time without malfunction.

• Education of Primary School Mathematics
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.343-360
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• 2022

In mathematics classes, the verbal explanation may contain diverse mathematical concepts and principles in short sentences. It may also include mathematics symbols and terms that might not be used in everyday life. Therefore, students may need particular listening ability in order to understand and participate in mathematics communication. Unlike general listening, the listening ability for mathematics classes may require student to integrate their mathematical and linguistic knowledge. The aim of this study is to reveal the subdomains of listening ability for mathematics classes in a elementary school. I categorized listening ability for mathematics classes in a elementary school from the literature. The categories of listening ability for mathematics are Interpretive Listening, Evaluative Listening, Hermeneutic Listening, Selective Listening, Pretend Listening, and Ignored Listening. In order to develop a framework for understanding listening ability for mathematics classes, I investigated a hierarchy of 412 South Korean elementary teachers' perception. Through a web-based survey, the teachers were asked to rank order their beliefs about and students' listening ability. Findings show that teachers' perceptions about listening ability for mathematics classes are divergent from current research trends. South Korean elementary teachers perceived Interpretive Listening as the most important listening.

• Journal of Appropriate Technology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.196-205
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• 2021

As industrial safety increases, various industrial accident prevention technologies using smart factory technology are being studied. However, small and medium enterprises (SMEs), which account for the majority of industrial accidents, are having difficulties in preventing industrial accidents by applying these smart factory technologies due to practical problems. In this study, customized monitoring and warning systems for each type of industrial accident were developed and applied to the actual field. Through this, we demonstrated industrial accident prevention technology through appropriate smart factory technology used by SMEs. A customized monitoring system using vision, current, temperature, and gas sensors was established for the four major disaster types: worker body access, short circuit and overcurrent, fire and burns due to high temperature, and emission of hazardous gas. In addition, a notification method suitable for each work environment was applied so that the monitored risk factors could be recognized quickly, and real-time data transmission and display enabled workers and managers to understand the disaster risk effectively. Through the application and demonstration of these appropriate smart factory technologies, the spread of these industrial safety technologies is to be discussed.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.201-212
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• 2021

The present study was conducted as a pilot investigation to suggest the standards of acoustic performance for classrooms suitable for incomplete hearing people such as children under 9 years of age. Subjective evaluations such as questionnaire and speech intelligibility test were conducted to 264 students at two elementary schools in Cheong-ju in order to analyze the characteristics of the listening environment in the classrooms of the lower grades in elementary school. The survey was undertaken with a total of 264 students at two elementary schools in Cheong-ju, and investigated their satisfaction with the classroom listening environment. As a result, students responded that the most helpful information type for understanding class content is the voice of teacher. In addition, the volume of the current teacher's voice is normal, and the level of clarity is highly satisfactory. As for the acoustic performance of the classroom, the opinion that the noise was normal and the reverberation was very short was found to be dominant in overall satisfaction with the listening environment. Meanwhile, as a result of speech intelligibility test using the word list selected for the lower grade students of elementary school, it could be inferred that the longitudinal axis distance from the sound source in the case of 8-year-olds is a factor that affects speech recognition.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.103-117
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• 2021

Nuts are cholesterol free with high poly-unsaturated fatty acids(PUFA) and have lower intakes of sodium than non-consumers, and thus they can decrease blood pressure. Hypertension is a common primary diagnosis in Korea. Because of extending exposure to 24-hour raised blood pressure and heart rate hypertension is likely to be caused by prolonged short sleep durations. This study examined the relationship between nut consumption and hypertension according to sleep duration among Korean adult. Based on data from the 2010-2016 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(KNHANES), the final analytic sample(n=25,359) was used for current analysis. The dietary intake was assessed through a 24-hour recall method. Associations of nut consumption with sleep duration and hypertension were determined using multiple logistic regression with odds ratio(95% CI). All the analyses were carried out in SAS version 9.4, and the significance level was set at p<0.05. With increasing nut intake, the prevalence of hypertension significantly decreased(p for trend=0.02). After controlling for sleep duration, the nut consumption showed significant association with the prevalence of hypertension when sleep duration was 6 to 6.9 h per day(p for trend=0.03) or 7 to 7.9 h per day(p for trend=0.03). In conclusion, dietary total nut intake was found to be significantly associated with the prevalence of hypertension.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.32 no.11
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• pp.481-488
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• 2022

The Cu₂ZnSn(S_xSe_1-x)₄ (CZTSSe) absorbers are promising thin film solar cells (TFSCs) materials, to replace existing Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ (CIGS) and CdTe photovoltaic technology. However, the best reported efficiency for a CZTSSe device, of 13.6 %, is still too low for commercial use. Recently, partially replacing the Zn²⁺ element with a Cd²⁺element has attracting attention as one of the promising strategies for improving the photovoltaic characteristics of the CZTSSe TFSCs. Cd²⁺ elements are known to improve the grain size of the CZTSSe absorber thin films and improve optoelectronic properties by suppressing potential defects, causing short-circuit current (J_sc) loss. In this study, the structural, compositional, and morphological characteristics of CZTSSe and CZCTSSe thin films were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (XRF), and Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), respectively. The FE-SEM images revealed that the grain size improved with increasing Cd²⁺ alloying in the CZTSSe thin films. Moreover, there was a slight decrease in small grain distribution as well as voids near the CZTSSe/Mo interface after Cd²⁺ alloying. The solar cells prepared using the most promising CZTSSe absorber thin films with Cd²⁺ alloying (8 min. 30 sec.) exhibited a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 9.33 %, J_sc of 34.0 mA/cm², and fill factor (FF) of 62.7 %, respectively.