• Title/Summary/Keyword: Short course

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Isolated Leukopenia During Antituberculosis Treatment (1차 항결핵약제 치료 중 발생한 백혈구감소증의 추이)

  • Song, Heon-Ho;Lim, Chae-Man;Lee, Sang-Do;Go, Youn-Suck;Kim, Woo-Sung;Kim, Dong-Soon;Kim, Won-Dong;Shim, Tae-Sun
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • v.48 no.4
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    • pp.420-427
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    • 2000
  • Background : Isolated leukopenia is rare, but it has important clinical implications during antituberculosis treatment. Inadvertent discontinuation of short-course regimen drugs for fear of leukopenia inevitably will extend the duration of treatment, and the completion of treatment will be delayed. However no guidelines concerning proper management for leukopenia during antituberculosis treatment have been presented. Therefore, this study was performed to evaluate the possibility of continuing the same short-course regimen if a mild-to-moderate degree of isolated leukopenia was to develop during antituberculosis treatment. Method : Thirty-six patients who had been prescribed a short-course antituberculosis regimen between January 1997 and August 1999, had newly developed, mild-to-moderate degree, isolated leukopenia during medication, and had continued the same drug regimen despite leukopenia were enrolled. One patient was not available for the follow-up, so the remaining thirty-five (twenty-five prospectively and ten retrospectively) patients were analyzed. Patients who had other known causes of leukopenia were excluded. A mild-to-moderate degree of isolated leukopenia was arbitrarily defined as having a peripheral blood leukocyte count between 2,000 and $3,499/mm^3$ and no evidence of coexisting hematologic abnormalities. Results : 1) All thirty-five patients were able to complete short-course anti-tuberculosis treatment without complication or further decrease of leukocytes count to less than $2,000/mm^3$ despite continuous treatment with the same regimen. 2) The mean duration from start of antitituberculosis medication to detection of leukopenia was $64{\pm}65$ days. 3) The mean leukocyte count was $5,035{\pm}1,583/mm^3$ before treatment, and the its lowest count was $2,908{\pm}390/mm^3$ during treatment. Leukopenia recovered after completion of treatment ($4,283{\pm}1,269/mm^3$). 4) The main component of leukopenia was the decrease in neutrophil count ($3,361{\pm}1,732$ vs. $1,512{\pm}423/mm^3$, p<0.05). Conclusion : For mild-to-moderate degree of isolated leukopenia ($2,000/mm^3{\leq}$ WBC < $3,500/mm^3$), developing during short-course antituberculosis treatment, the short-course antituberculosis regimen may be continued without complications.

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Clinical Characteristics of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Presenting Prolonged Fever Despite Primary Short-Course Anti-tuberculosis Treatment (1차 항결핵약제 치료 후에도 지속적으로 발열을 보인 폐결핵 환자의 임상상)

  • Kim, Eun-Kyung;Hwang, Jung-Hwa;Song, Kun-Sick;Lim, Chae-Man;Lee, Sang-Do;Koh, Youn-Suck;Kim, Woo-Sung;Kim, Dong-Soon;Kim, Won-Dong;Shim, Tae-Sun
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • v.49 no.2
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    • pp.169-178
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    • 2000
  • Background : Usually fever subsides within one week in over 90% of pulmonary tuberculosis (TBp) patients after the start of short-course anti-tuberculosis therapy, but occasionally it persists over two weeks after treatment. When the fever persists, drug resistance, combined infection, or drug fever, and so on, are considered as an etiology and, in some cases, drugs are changed. But inadvertent discontinuation of a short-course regimen inevitably will extend the duration of treatment, and the treatment completion may be delayed. This study was performed to investigate the causes of prolonged fever (PF) and to identify the predictors of PF in drug-susceptible TBp patients in Korea. Method : Five hundred-ninety-eight patients, who were admitted to Asan Medical Center from January 1996 to March 1999, diagnosed with TBp and prescribed short-course, anti-tuberculosis treatment, were reviewed. PF was defined as having fever over two weeks despite treatment. The causes of PF were analyzed. Drug-sus-ceptible TBp patients who presented no causes for PF, except turberculosis itself, were selected(n=22), and they were compared with those who had no fever at diagnosis (n=22) and those who had fever at diagnosis, which had subsided within two weeks after treatment (n=22). Clinical, laboratory, and radiological parameters were compared among the three groups. Results : Twenty-eight (4.8%) of 598 patients showed PF over two weeks despite short-course treatment. The causes of PF were drug fever (n=2), multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (n=3), disseminated Mycobacterium kansasii infection (n=1), and drug-susceptible tuberculosis itself (n=22). The patients with PF had more risk factors for tuberculosis, long duration of symptoms before treatment, night sweats, weight long, numerous acid fast bacilli on sputum smear, anemia, hyponatremia, hypoalbuminemia, over three lung cavity numbers and extensive infiltration, indicating that they had prolonged and extensive lung diseases. Conclusion : The main cause of PF in TBp despite short-course regimen seems to be drug-susceptible but extensive disease in Korea. Any changes to the drug regiment provided for TBp patients with prolonged fever despite treatment should be carefully considered.

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Follow-Up Study of 6-Month Short Course Chemotherapy for Pulmonary Tuberculosis with 2SKHRZ/4HRZ (폐결핵에서 6개월 단기 항결핵 화학요법의 추구검사)

  • Koh, Hyung Ki;Kang, Yun Jung;Lim, Seong Yong;Shin, Jong Wook;Choi, Jae Sun;Yoo, Ji Hoon;Park, In Won;Choi, Byoung Whui;Hue, Sung Ho;Seo, Seung Chun
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • v.43 no.6
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    • pp.852-861
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    • 1996
  • Background : Many clinicians have experienced the difficulty of decision on termination of antituberculosis chemotherapy after the 6th month due to relapse of disease. There is still controversy in the effect of 2S(K)HRZ/4HRZ 6-month short course chemotherapy including pyrazinamide for 6 months in patiems with pulmonary tuberculosis. And there is no long term follow-up study of 6-month short course chemotherapy for pulmonary tuberculosis in korea. So we had performed the study to find the result of 6-month antituberculosis chemotherapy for 4 years. Method : We studied prospectively the effect of 2S(K)HRZ/4HRZ in one hundred-fifty patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and followed up fifty-nine patients for more than 1 year to 4 years after the completion of 6-month short course therapy. Results : 1) Out of one hundred-fifty patients, seventy-two patients(48%) completed the prescribed 6-month chemotherapy. Sixty-eight patients(45.3%) have experienced premature discontinuation and the most common cause of premature discontinuation was drop-out against advice(thirty-six patients, 24%). Ten patients(6.7%) were treated beyond the 6 months mainly due to irregular treatment. 2) Fifty-nine patients(81.9%) among seventy-two patients with completed treatment have been followed up for more than 1 year and 32 patients(44.4%) for more than 4 years. There was three relapse patients of whom two patients have experienced relapse of pulmonary tuberculosis within 1 year after the termination of chemotherapy. 3) Among one hundred-thirty-four patients who have been assessible for more than two months of chemotherapy, including the patients who experienced within 2 months, there were eighty-two patients(61.2%) who have experienced adverse reactions and the treatment regimen was changed only in thirteen patients(9.7%). The most frequent cause of adverse reactions was arthralgia and/or hyperuricemia, which had occurred in 33 patients(24.6%). Conclusion : In a university hospital in Korea, 6-month shot course chemotherapy of 2S(K)HRZ/4HRZ had unnegligible relapses and premature discontinuation. Therefore, change of the regimen might be carefully considered by drug susceptibility results. Close monitoring of patients, retrial of sputum exam and radiologic evaluation during treatment might be required in the endemic area of drug resistant strains like in Korea. Further study about the effect of 6-month short course chemotherapy including pyrazinamide for 6-month might be needed.

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Short-term impact of sugar consumption on hunger and ad libitum food intake in young women

  • Penaforte, Fernanda R.O.;Japur, Camila C.;Pigatto, Leticia P.;Chiarello, Paula G.;Diez-Garcia, Rosa W.
    • Nutrition Research and Practice
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    • v.7 no.2
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    • pp.77-81
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    • 2013
  • The hypothesis of this study was that greater sugar consumption at breakfast promotes a stronger sensation of hunger and a later increase in energy consumption. The objective was to assess the relation between sugar consumption in a meal and the subsequent sensations of hunger and ad libitum food consumption. Sixteen women consumed a breakfast accompanied by 2 drinks sweetened ad libitum with sugar. After 3 h, a lunch was offered to evaluate ad libitum food consumption. During the period from breakfast to lunch, hunger sensations were evaluated at 30 min intervals. Women were divided according to the median amount of sugar used to sweeten the breakfast drinks (20 g). The group who consumed sugar above the median showed a greater hunger sensation in the preprandial period, and a greater ad libitum intake at lunch ($390{\pm}130g{\times}256{\pm}67g$, P = 0.002), compared to the group who had a lower sugar consumption. The amount of sugar consumed at breakfast was correlated positively with the sensation of preprandial hunger and food intake at lunch. We concluded that foods with a high glycemic index can modulate the appetite within a short period of time.

Short-course Versus Long-course Preoperative Radiotherapy plus Delayed Surgery in the Treatment of Rectal Cancer: a Meta-analysis

  • Liu, Shi-Xin;Zhou, Zhi-Rui;Chen, Ling-Xiao;Yang, Yong-Jing;Hu, Zhi-De;Zhang, Tian-Song
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • v.16 no.14
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    • pp.5755-5762
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    • 2015
  • Background: Short-course preoperative radiation (SCRT) with delayed surgery was found to increase pathologic complete response (pCR) rates in several trials. However, there was no clear answer on whether SCRT or long-course chemo-radiotherapy (LCRT) is more effective. Therefore we conducted this meta-analysis to evaluate the safety and efficacy of SCRT versus LCRT, both with delayed surgery, for treatment of rectal cancer. Materials and Methods: The literature was searched from PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and clinicaltrials.gov up to November, 2014. Quality of the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was evaluated according to the Cochrane's risk of bias tool of RCT. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system was used to rate the level of evidence. Review Manager 5.3 was employed for statistical analysis. Pooled risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Results: Three RCTs, with a total of 357 rectal cancer patients, were included in this systematic review. Metaanalysis results demonstrated there were no significantly differences in sphincter preservation rate, local recurrence rate, grade 3~4 acute toxicity, R0 resection rate and downstaging rate. Compared with SCRT, LCRT was associated with significant increase in the pCR rate [RR=0.49, 95%CI (0.31, 0.78), P=0.003]. Conclusions: In terms of sphincter preservation rate, local recurrence rate, grade 3~4 acute toxicity, R0 resection rate and downstaging rate, SCRT with delayed surgery is as effective as LCRT with delayed surgery for management of rectal cancer. LCRT significantly increased pCR rate compared with SCRT. Due to risk of bias and imprecision, further multi-center large sample RCTs were needed to confirm this conclusion.

New Sensors - New Methods of Knowledge Transfer

  • Tempfli, K.
    • Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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    • 2003.11a
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    • pp.210-212
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    • 2003
  • Active sensors are rapidly conquering a share on the remote sensing market and offer among others new possibilities toward automatically acquiring 3D building data. Better dissemination of information about new technological developments can possibly be achieved by short distance-learning courses. The paper describes the didactic and technical aspects of a course we have designed and conducted on airborne laser scanning and interferometric SAR. The building extraction application is a good example to illustrated the added value of short electronic-learning courses above simply publishing (digital) papers.

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A Review of Studies on Antibiotic Course and Antibiotic Resistance in Nasopharyngeal Pathogens in Primary Care Setting (일차진료 항생제 치료기간과 비인두 항생제 내성률에 대한 연구 고찰)

  • Shin, Hyang Hwa;Lee, Sun Haeng;Yun, Sung Joong;Chang, Gyu Tae
    • The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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    • v.32 no.2
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    • pp.64-71
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    • 2018
  • Objectives The purpose of this study is to examine the correlation of antibiotics administration duration and antimicrobial resistance by reviewing domestic and foreign literatures. Methods We searched literatures dated up to 23 February, 2018 in PubMed and Cochrane Library using terms of "Anti-Bacterial Agents", "Carrier State", "Nasopharynx", "Drug Administration Schedule", and also searched via RISS (Research Information Service System), KISS (Koreanstudies Information Service System), DBpia (DataBase Periodical Information Academic) using terms of antibiotics, resistance, and dose. Results In comparison with shortened and standard antibiotic course, longer treatment duration is associated with greater antimicrobial resistance or non-significant difference, but we cannot find literature that shortened antibiotic course increases antimicrobial resistance on human nasopharyngeal flora. Conclusions Currently, there is no evidence that completing the standard antibiotic course reduces antimicrobial resistance. It can be a strategy for reducing antibiotic use to apply Korean medicine treatment, as well as short-course antibiotic therapy or delayed antibiotic prescription. Additional well-designed trials should be conducted in domestic and foreign settings about the appropriate duration of antibiotic therapy.

Estimating the Growth Rate of Inbound Air Travelers to Jeju with ARIMA Time-Series - Using Golf Course Visitor Data - (ARIMA 시계열 모형을 이용한 제주도 인바운드 항공여객 증가율 예측 연구 - 제주지역 골프장 내장객 현황 데이터를 활용하여 -)

  • Gun-Hee Sohn;Kee-Woong Kim;Ri-Hyun Shin;Su-Mi Lee
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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    • v.31 no.1
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    • pp.92-98
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    • 2023
  • This paper used the golf course visitors' data in Jeju region to forecast the growth of inbound air traveler to Jeju. This is because the golf course visitors were proven to bring the highest economic and production inducement effect to the Jeju region. Based on such a data, this paper forecast the short-term growth rate of inbound air traveler using ARIMA to the Jeju until December 2025. According to ARIMA (0,1,0) (0,1,1) model, it was analyzed that the monthly number of golf course visitors to Jeju has been increasing steadily even since COVID-19 pandemic and the number is expected to grow until the end of 2025. Applying the same parameters of ARIMA (0,1,0) (0,1,1) to inbound air travel data, it was found the growth rate of inbound air travelers would be higher than the growth rate of 2019 shortly without moderate variation even though the monthly number of inbound travelers to Jeju had been dropped during COVID-19 pandemic.

Quantifying Praitical Application for Specialized Course on Temporary Work Safety (가설공사 안전 전문과정 수료후 실무활용도 조사에 관한 연구)

  • 손기상
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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    • v.14 no.1
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    • pp.116-123
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    • 1999
  • It is generally considered that only questionnares, collected at the time when each course close, have been evaluated & represented for all of the subjects. But all the result of each course can be actually evaluated using only the data taken from how to apply for at the construction site or at the factory, directly, for the period of at least one year, not just short months. This study is to evaluate and quantify the result and analyses using the data from questionnare concerning the level practically applied to each process at construction site. 1st for three(3) months, 2nd for six(6) months, 3rd for nine(9) months, finally 4th for twelve (12) months, one year These questionnares have been distributed for same people four(4) times to find out what to, how to be applied with each subject.

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Kinematic Analysis of Cornering with Different Radius of Curve Course in Short Track Speed Skating (쇼트트랙 스피드 스케이팅 곡선주로의 반경 차이에 따른 운동학적 분석)

  • Kim, Tae-Hoon;Jun, Myung-Kyu;Yoo, Si-Hyun;Park, Sang-Kyoon
    • Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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    • v.23 no.2
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    • pp.109-116
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    • 2013
  • The purpose of this study was to provide fundamental information for the enhancement of performance through kinematic analysis of cornering according to the radius of curve course in short track speed skating. To perform this study, six skaters: three narrow radius players(N, body mass: $56.0{\pm}7.2$ kg, height: $163.7{\pm}5.1$ cm, age: $21.3{\pm}1.5$ yrs) and three wide radius players(W, body mass: $61.0{\pm}9.5$ kg, height: $169.0{\pm}4.4$ cm, age: $20.0{\pm}1.7$ yrs). Three-dimensional motion analysis was performed on the section from the forth block starting to show the change of radius to the sixth block using eight infrared cameras(sampling frequency of 100 Hz for N and W players). The time of push-off was greater for N than for W(p<.05) while the radius of center of mass was greater for W than for N(p<.05). The flexion and extension of knee and hip joint were greater for N than for W(p<.05). The external rotation of left knee joint was greater for N than for W(p<.05). Based on the findings, a small radius by increasing the range of the flexion and extension of knee and hip joint with greater external rotation of left knee joint would be related to more efficient run at curve. It is expected that these results will be useful in developing a training program for enhancing performance of short track speed skating athletes.