• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.37-46
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• 2013

Purpose : The purpose of the research was to analyze foot pressure, foot temperature, and correlation between foot pressure and foot temperature to grasp impact on foot pressure and body temperature distribution chart depending on functional difference of leg length. Method : After measuring leg length, put 15 students whose functional difference of leg length was over 10mm to difference group and 15 students whose functional difference of leg length was under 5mm to normal group and categorize soles of foot into 6 sections of hallux head, 1st metatarsal head, 2-4 metatarsal head, 5 metatarsal head, lateral heel, and then measure by foot pressure analyzer to analyze characteristic of pressure distribution and classify into front of the lower leg, back of the lower leg, soles of foot and measure by body temperature analyzer to analyze by checking body temperature. Result : Weight difference depending on foot pressure and body temperature was bigger when functional difference of leg length was bigger, and it could be confirmed that foot pressure and body temperature of short leg side were higher than those of short leg side. Thus, if difference exists in leg length, weight load on short leg side increases which results in higher foot pressure and body temperature, therefore enabling an assumption that mechanical problem will occur in short leg. Conclusion : When functional leg length inequality, weight bearing and pressure was getting high as a result, temperature was getting high in short leg.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.43-49
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• 2009

Purpose: This study examined the dynamic peak plantar pressure under the foot areas in those with a functional leg length inequality. Methods: The dynamic peak plantar pressure under the foot areas in an experimental group with a functional leg length inequality (n=20) and a control group (n=20) was assessed a using the Mat-Scan system (Tekscan, USA). The peak plantar pressure under the hallux, 1st, 2nd, 3-4th and 5th metatarsal head (MTH), mid foot, and heel was measured while the subject was walking on the Mat-Scan system. Results: The experimental group had significantly higher peak plantar pressure under all foot areas when the dynamic peak plantar pressure in the short leg and long leg sides was compared. The control group had a significantly higher peak plantar pressure under the 1st, 2nd, 3-4th, and 5th MTH when the dynamic peak plantar pressure in the short leg and long leg sides were compared. The experimental group showed a significantly larger difference in the dynamic peak plantar pressure under the hallux, 1st, 2nd, 3-4th and 5th MTH, mid foot and heel than the control group. Conclusion: A functional leg length inequality leads to an increase in the weight distribution and dynamic peak plantar pressure in the side of the short leg.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.175-180
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• 2022

Purpose: Leg length discrepancy causes the posture deformation, gait asymmetry, and lower back pain. The purpose of this study is to investigate the correlation among functional leg length discrepancy (FLLD), muscle activity, muscle contraction onset time and vertical ground reaction force (vGRF) during simple lifting task. Methods: Thirty-nine subjects participated in this study. FLLD was measured from the umbilicus to medial malleolus of left and right leg using a tape. The subjects performed to lift a 10 kg box from the floor to chest. The muscle activity and muscle contraction onset time of rectus abdominis, erector spinae and rectus femoris was measured using EMG system and vGRF was measured by two force plate. Pearson correlation was used to fine out the correlation among FDDL, muscle activity, muscle contraction onset time and vGRF during simple lifting task. Results: Correlation between FLLD and difference of muscle activity of short-long side was very high (r>0.9) during simple lifting task. Correlation between FLLD and difference of muscle contraction onset time of short-long side was very high (r>0.9) during simple lifting task. And correlation between FLLD and difference of vGRF of short-long side was high (r>0.7) during simple lifting task. Conclusion: This study suggests that there is high correlation between FLLD and muscle activity, muscle contraction onset time, and ground reaction force during simple lifting task. Therefore, FLLD could negatively affect the postural balance.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.207-213
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• 2007

Objectives : This study was designed to investigate the effect of SAAM-Acupuncture and GamigungguitangGaNokyong(GMGGTN) on Ankle Fracture. Methods : SAAM-Acupuncture was administered once daily. The following points were selected: $SP_3$(太白), $LU_9$(太淵), $LI_{11}$(曲池). After short leg casting, GMGGTN was taken 3 times per a day from March 28th to April 30th. We evaluated the patient using the Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) and Ankle Range of Motion(ROM). Results : After about 3 weeks of treatment, the patient's short leg cast was removed a week earlier than expected and the patient could walk without crutches and physical therapy. Their VAS changed from 10 to 1. And after added treatment for 2 weeks, there was no pain and limitation of ROM. Conclusions : According to the results, SAAM-Acupuncture and GMGGTN may have rapid effects on ankle fractures. But further studies are required to confirm this effect.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.39-46
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• 2013

Background: The purpose of this study was to realize the relations between gluteus medius, tensor fascia lata of pelvic muscles and functional leg length in women's university students. This study is examined the change of electromyographic activation on gluteus medius and tensor fascia lata according to the leg length discrepancy. Methods: All of the female of freshman and sophomore in 'D'college were gathered and separated fourteen of healthy women in two groups by functional leg length discrepancy. and The subjects divided into two groups that the difference with less than 2cm or more would have structural defects by tapeline. The electromyographic activation on the gluteus medius and tensor fascia lata muscles were recorded by surface electrodes at maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) during lunge posture. The collected datas were analyzed using Independent t-test with SPSS win19.0. Results: In intergroup comparison of electromyographic activation levels for gluteus medius and tensor fascia lata in short or long leg, the influence of electromyographic activation on tensor fascia lata is shown to be more statically higher than gluteus medius according to functional leg length discrepancy in coeds. Even though both muscles are shown to be statistically higher in comparison of electoromyographic activation levels for tensor fascia lata and gluteus medius between short leg and long leg in Group I, Differences of electoromyographic activation levels for tensor fascia lata is shown to be statistically higher than gluteus medius. Conclusion: Through this study, we realized that tensor fascia lata than the long leg, and also, tensor fascia lata is significantly effective for functional leg length discrepancy than gluteus medius. It leads to pelvic lateral instability. This means that cause tensor fascia lata to have a leg length discrepancy.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.135-141
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to analyze the direct measurement data of 20-25 years male university students of 7th Size Korea data and to characterize and to type the body shape of lower body. It was to provide basic data for male university students' pants pattern production. The lower body part consisted of the 'horizontal factor' of the lower body composed of circumference, thickness, width, and 'vertical factor' of the lower body composed of the length and height. This was consistent with the analysis of the body shape factor of the lower half of male adolescents. The lower body shape was classified into four types. Type 1 was thick and relatively long in the lower body and was named 'thick long leg'. Type 2 was named 'short bird legs' because the lower body was thin and relatively short. Type 3 was relatively thin and long, so the lower body was named 'long crane leg'. In Type 4, the lower body was relatively thick and short, which means 'short pillar leg'. In the case of 20-25 year-old male university students, they have different body shapes depending on the girth and length of the lower half of their body as they have reached adulthood. Therefore, it would be necessary to provide a sales system that allows the repair of the length of the pants to be facilitated, and the length of the pants to be repaired when the pants are selected according to the circumference. Future studies will need to classify the body shape according to angle and flatness.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.2197-2202
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• 2020

Background: If there is a difference in leg length, the center of gravity shifts unilaterally toward the short leg, causing loss of balance and secondary postural imbalance, trunk muscle tone changes, gait abnormalities and pelvic imbalance. Objectives: To investigate effects of self exercise program on leg length, balance in adults with leg-length discrepancy. Design: Single blind randomized controlled trial. Methods: Twenty-eight participants were selected and divided into resistance exercise, flexibility exercise, and core exercise. Each exercise was performed for 40 minutes, 3 times a week for 6 weeks. Leg length and balance before and after exercise were measured and analyzed. Results: Following the interventions, resistance exercise group showed significant improvement in balance, but leg length difference did not show significant results. Flexibility exercise group showed significant improvement in leg length difference, but balance did not show significant results. Core exercise group showed significant improvement in leg length difference and balance. There was no significant difference in the comparison between the three groups. Conclusion: This study suggests that customized exercise according to the patient's level is beneficial to the patients.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.75-81
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• 2017

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the activity of the abductor hallucis (AbdH) muscle during short foot exercise (SFE) using foot orthosis (SFE-FO) and the windlass effect (SFO-WE) while sitting and in a one-leg standing position. METHODS: We recruited fourteen subjects with normal feet for this study. Surface electromyography (EMG) was used to measure the muscle activity of the AbdH muscle during SFE, SFE-FO, and SFE-WE while sitting and in a one-leg standing position. Three trials consisting of a 5 s hold for each of the three exercises were performed to measure the EMG activity of the AbdH muscle. Exercise type and position were randomly assigned. Two-way repeated-measures ANOVA was used to analyze the effects of exercise type (SFE vs. SFE-FO vs. SFE-WE) and position (sitting vs. one-leg standing position) on AbdH muscle activity. A statistical significance was set at ${\alpha}=.05$. RESULTS: The EMG activity of AbdH muscle in the SFE-WE exercise was significantly greater than that during SFE and SFE-FO in both exercise positions (p<.001). In addition, the EMG activity of the AbdH muscle in the one-leg standing position was significantly higher than that while sitting (p<.001) during all three exercises. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that SFE-WE is a more effective strengthening exercise than SFE or SFE-FO for activating the AbdH muscle.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.19-26
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• 2011

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to research the necessity of sacral base X-ray that Barge insisted. Methods : I have done a comparative analysis in side of short leg and side of sacral inferior with sacral base X-ray and pelvis A-P Xray pictures of 42 patients with lower back pain from December 1, 2010 to March 31, 2011. Results : Even though most of the subjects in study were male, 36 people had plateau of sacral base and 29 people had symmetry in sacral base X-ray. There was no statistical significance in the side of short leg and side of sacral base inferior in Sacral base X-ray, but there was a statistical significance in pelvis A-P x-ray. 22 people had same side of short leg and side of sacral base inferior in sacral base X-ray and pelvis A-P X-ray and 14 people didn't. 29 people had same side of sacral base inferior in sacral base X-ray and pelvis A-P X-ray and 13 people didn't. Conclusions : According to the result of the study, sacral base X-ray is necessary for correct sacral base inferior analysis.

• The Journal of Korea CHUNA Manual Medicine
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.135-139
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• 2004

Objectives : The objectives of this report is to introduce PTA. Methods : The examination of the leg length inequality gives us a useful tool for diagnosis of body imbalance. especially pelvic distortion. There are four steps in the process of the leg analysis, according to "The Standard Manual of Chuna Society (2nd ed., Seoul:KCA Press. 2001)". In the last step of the analysis, knee-flexing over $90^{\circ}$, we have often experienced a specific sign that the lower legs are attracted toward one side spontaneously. The authors call it 'Lower Leg Lateral Attraction'. This is a very significant sign that gives us which is the major part between pelvis and the upper parts over sacrum. Thus it is definded as "Pelvic Twist Analysis, PTA" by the authors. With PTA, first, you must check the side of short leg and next, check the side of lateral attraction in lower leg over-flexing. If both sides coincide with each other, then the major part you can correct first is pelvic distortion. If not, you must find another part for primary correction, instead of pelvis. Conclusions : PTA becomes a useful complement to the examination of the leg length inequality.