• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.89-94
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• 2023

Recently, domestic small airport development plans are being promoted centering on islands, and among them, Baengnyeong Island Airport is located very close to North Korea due to its geographical characteristics. In particular, since it is located in the P-518, which is prohibited airspace, it is essential to configure the arrival/departure flight procedure route similarly to the current ship in terms of securing flight safety. Therefore, in this study, a plan for airport location and facility scale was proposed by focusing on the runway operated for the purpose of aircraft operation through consultations with the Ministry of National Defense. It was proposed to meet the standards of the Airport Facility Act as an airport dedicated to domestic flights for airside facilities such as runway length and direction, target aircraft, landing pad, apron, runway and taxiway width appropriate for the topographical characteristics of Baengnyeong Island. As a result, the flight procedure is generally established as a two-way visual flight, but the 10-way arrival/departure procedure was planned to be changed to an instrument (non-precision) according to the specificity of the region. In addition, a flight procedure was established and presented for safe and systematic operation by reflecting the changes in airport facility size (landing pad, runway end safety area, etc.) following the change in instrument flight procedure in the visual flight procedure.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.60 no.6
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• pp.460-472
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• 2023

This study was conducted based on the case of an accident (excessive deformation) that occurred during the hydraulic test of a shipboard tank manufactured in accordance with the design regulations. Over-pressure phenomenon was noted as the main cause of accidents in the process of testing tanks without physical damage, which can be found in external factors such as cross-sectional difference between inlet pipe and air pipe and higher water filling rate than the recommended one. The main goal of this paper is to establish a safe water filling rate according to the range of sectional area ratio(SAR) reduced below the regulations for each test situation. The simulation was conducted in accordance with the hydraulic test procedure specified in the Ship Safety Act, and the main situation was divided into two types: filling the tank with water and increasing the water head to the test pressure. The structural safety evaluation of the pressure generated inside the tank and the effect on the structure during the test was reviewed according to the SAR range. Based on the results, guidelines for the optimal filling rate applicable according to SAR during the hydraulic test were presented for the shipboard tanks used in this study.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.628-638
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• 2023

Maritime Autonomous Surface ships(MASS) are gradually gaining importance. Until fully autonomous ships are developed, they will likely be controlled by remote operators who are based in a Remote Operations Center. However, there is currently no internationally or domestically established licensing for them. This issue can potentially pose a risk to navigation safety due to operations being handled by unqualified remote operators. We conducted a literature review and proposed criteria for the adoption of a licensing system for remote operators. We have futher offered alternatives to integrate this license into the existing officer licensing system, and analyzed them using Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP). Subsequently,, theprimary need to enact legislation for remote operators is observed. The most preferred approach is to include the occupation of a remote operator in the Ship Officer Act, Article 4: Occupational Categories and Class of Licenses. Therefore, it would be logical for the organizational structure of the Remote Operation Center to mirror the traditional Bridge Resource Management. This study will contribute to the efficient training of remote operators and the safe navigation of autonomous ships with a focus on human resource management.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.332-339
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• 2024

Safety is essential for organizations operating in high-risk environments, such as the Navy. Effective safety management requires continuous improvement and supplementation, commonly achieved through the PDCA (Plan-Do-Check-Act) cycle. Despite reinforced safety regulations and expanded education, safety accidents persist in the Navy, indicating a need to enhance the safety accident analysis and classification system. This study aims to analyze and identify the shortcomings of the current Navy safety accident classification system to establish a more effective framework. By doing so, we will be able to register the results of safety accidents, identify their root causes, and propose a 12-digit Navy safety accident classification code. This code will contribute to the development of mid- to long-term safety management policies.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.107-118
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• 2024

There is broad agreement that emissions from the shipping sector play a large role in the global climate change debate. In theory, there is broad consensus that the industry must take decisive action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and do its part to combat global warming. The United States has made great strides in addressing emissions from ships, but it is the IMO that plays a key role in shaping global standards for the shipping industry. In the case of Korea, legislation on emissions issues has been prepared, but there are still problems with administrative power. IMO's high-level vision and change, as seen above, requires intensive efforts from industry representatives and requires intensive measures from the government responsible for implementation. It is necessary to consider regulations and the position of the shipping market. However, out of consideration and respect for the urgent reality of global climate change, ship owners, operators and holding companies will need to take voluntary steps to reduce GHG emissions instead of waiting for a new regulatory framework.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.99-116
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• 2001

Testing is a procedure used to measure a sample of behaviour in order to discover how well a seafarer performs, usually in comparison with others, or compared with identified performance criteria. In this context It is important that the test, in whatever form it is being used, yields consistent results by being valid, reliable and practical. Whilst we can only take a sample of a person's knowledge or comprehension about topic in this way, testing methods do provide a more reliable estimate of performance than most other observational techniques; unsystematic or irregular observation being too unreliable. The method of examination has been specified in the provisions of Regulation 12 of the Decree of the ship officers act as followings. Other necessary matters for conducting oral and written examinations have been set out by the Minister. But written examination is too shortage of period and small number of question to cover the qualification of each level and oral test is just simple and namely Traditionally, written examinations have been provided as the only means for determining the acquisition of knowledge by the mariner. Typically, the examination formats have taken the format of either an essay or multiple choice examinations. Essay items, used in the vast majority of subject examination(not in Korea), consisted of three basic types: situational, descriptive and computational. The level of certificate being examined determined the number and mix of the type of essay questions selected. Oral question has again been used by assessors of seafarer in a wide variety of contexts. Also, oral questioning is often used when observation of performance is undertaken to ask why a certain action has been taken, or to be broaden the scope of what has been observed. At end, Each techniques have their own advantage and disadvantage, so we have to choose some or all of the following techniques, depending upon the certificate, qualification or job for which the trainee is aiming. But in high lank, we have to use both of essay type and multiple choice and with enough time of oral test at least 30 minutes. Who would be the assessor? According to the STCW Code Section A-I/6, instructors, supervisor and assessors are appropriately qualified for particular types and levels of training or assessment of competence of seafarers either on board or ashore, as required under the Convention, in accordance with the provisions of this section.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.259-268
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• 2006

Miniature inverted transposable elements (MITEs) are abundant genomic components in plant including rice. MITE-transposon display (MITE-TD) is an Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP)-related technique based on MITE sequence. In this study, we used the MITE-AFLP for the analysis of diversity and relation-ship of the 114 japonica accessions. Of the several MITEs, the mPing family was applied to detect polymorphisms based on PCR amplification. The BfaI adaptor primer and the specific primer derived from mPing terminal inverted repeat (TIR) region were used to PCR amplification of 114 accessions. Nine primer pairs produced a total of 160 polymorphic bands. PIC values of the polymorphic bands generated by nine primer pairs ranged from 0.269 (BfaI + ACT) to 0.426 (BfaI + T). Each accession revealed a distinct fingerprint with two primer combinations, BfaI + G and BfaI + C. Cluster analysis using marker-based genetic similarity classified 114 accessions into five groups. MITE-AFLP markers were genetically mapped using a population of 80 BILs (BC1F7) derived from a cross between the rice accessions, Milyang 23 and Hapcheonaengmi 3. Eight of the markers produced with the primer pair BfaI + 0 were mapped on chromosomes 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, and 9. Considering that one MITE-AFLP marker on chromosome 7 was tightly linked to the Rc gene, the MITE-AFLP markers will be useful for gene tagging and molecular cloning.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.22-30
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• 2020

In March 2016, a 6.67-ton fishing boat capsized owing to the loss of stability during crane operations. Capsizing occurs when a boat or ship is flipped over (or turned upside down) for reason other than accidents caused by collisions, contact, stranding, fire or explosion. Over the past nine years (2010-2018), capsize accidents have accounted for 2.34 % of all marine accidents and are gradually increasing. The loss of stability from improper shipping is the main cause of most capsizes, especially for small fishing vessels weighing 10 tons. According to the Fishing Vessel Act, small fishing vessels weighing less than a ton are exempted from inspections on stability and load cranes. This study analyzes the issue cited as the reason for the capsizing of the small fishing boat in Goseong, namely, the reduction of restoring moment due to increased weight of the crane. Fishing boats with similar loading conditions were modeled on the basis of re-determination, and their stability before and after the accident was assumed. The fishing boats with heavier cranes were found to be at higher risk of capsizing owing to the reduction of the restoring moment and the angle of deck immersion. Under standard loading conditions, the stability moments of fishing vessels are lesser during fishing, compared to when they depart from or arrive at the port.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.430-443
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• 2016

This paper involves the constitutionality of the restrictive by-laws established by the 'College of Maritime Science' at the 'Korea Maritime and Ocean University' when they affect the cadet's fundamental rights, particularly, in connection with the training system of the 'Merchant Cadet Dormitory.' The issue in question is whether the school regulations may fall within a judicially permissible boundary in light of the general principles of constitutional rights in that the rules are enacted by the school itself in accordance with the Article 31, Section 4 of the Constitution and largely regulate the cadets' living conditions on a campus. However, the general scrutiny standard the courts apply requires the school enactments to pass three tests to be justified: (1) legislative authorization, (2) proportionality and (3) non-infringement on the essential elements of the fundamental rights as articulated under Article 37, Section 2 of the Constitution. The review in this paper shows that, first, the by-laws at issue find themselves statutorily authorized by the 'Higher Education Act' and the 'Decree of the Establishment of National Schools', with the proportionality as a second part observed within a justifiable scope and the essential elements of the fundamental rights as the third point not being marred. In conclusion, the school's dormitory training system is not found to cross the line and, however, the school authorities still need to keep overseeing the overall training course to secure the constitutional proportionality.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.416-422
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• 2012

To prevent serious maritime accident and eliminate the cause of the potential maritime accidents, Maritime Safety Audit Scheme was formally institutionalized through amendment of Maritime Traffic Safety Act(May 27, '09). At the initial step of the enforcement of the law, it has risen the necessity of amending the present institution concerning with the range of applicable business, method of practice, detailed technical standards in the assessment articles, etc. Among them, the assessment of marine traffic congestion has been practiced as a mandatory assessment article, but it is analyzed that the assessment doesn't reflect current variation of ships' size and its speed. By analyzing the status of assessments on marine traffic congestion so far and collecting experts' opinion, this paper suggests draft amendments to improve technical standards on the assessment of marine traffic congestion.