• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.23-33
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study is for the leading sector, a pattern of shifting structure of the economic sector, and community export competitiveness on the economy Malinau Regency. Research design, data, and methodology: The type of data used is secondary data with a quantitative approach of 2009-2018. The study data used Location Quotient (LQ), Shift Share Analysis (SSA), and Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) analysis tools. Results: There are 6 leading sectors: agriculture; electricity, gas, and clean water; building and construction; trade, hotels, and restaurants. That has been classified has changed the economic structure of the Malinau Regency from the secondary sector to the tertiary and primary sectors in 10 years. While, community export competitiveness of the Malinau Regency through RCA Analysis, see if the export products of coal and excavation (types A, B, C) are shown to have a higher comparative advantage with comparative advantage. This shows that only a few commodities that can provide the good performance of export. Conclusions: Analysis of economic growth in the Malinau Regency after regional autonomy shows that there has been a shift in the economic structure of the economy which is dominated by the structure of the primary sector.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.52 no.7
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• pp.3-9
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• 2015

In this paper, we propose an initial timing and frequency synchronization scheme for low probability detection (LPD) systems with cyclic code shift keying (CCSK). The performance of the LPD system with CCSK highly depend on initial timing and frequency offset. On the other hand, the operating SNR (Signal-to-Noise Ratio) of LPD systems is usually very low. Hence, to guarantee a reliable performance of the LPD system, it is crucial to develop suitable initial synchronization algorithms. In this paper, we propose an initial timing and frequency synchronization scheme suitable for CCSK based LPD system using a repeated preamble pattern.

• International Journal of Costume and Fashion
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.65-83
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to explore the dynamics of the newly emerging designer fashion market and examine how startup designers reacted to the tension between creativity and business, and how they grew within such dynamics. In-depth interviews were conducted with 22 DFE entrepreneurs and 7 fashion industry experts. The grounded theory was used to analyze data and yield results. Korean new generation of DFEs, attracted by the growing online market opportunities are directly distributing through online channels, targeting the millennial consumers who are pursuing new values at new distribution channels. They show new growth pattern, start with a few key items in the middle and lower price segments, then upscale their design, quality, and price. This study further investigated designers' enterprise orientation shift, which was explored by Mills. Some creativity-oriented designers encountered difficulties in the orientation shift, while designers who demonstrated business characteristics from the startup stage restored the balance by trying to improve both creativity and business. This study discovered a new way for the designer to enter the growth stage. This growth approach is one of the success strategies applicable to designers launching a brand on online platforms in the global market.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.40 no.10
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• pp.45-51
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• 2003

In this paper, a scan-based low power BIST (Built-In Self-Test) architecture is proposed. The proposed architecture is based on STUMPS, which uses a LFSR (Linear Feedback Shift Register) as the test generator, a MISR(Multiple Input Shift Register) as the reponse compactor, and SRL(Shift Register Latch) channels as multiple scan paths. In the proposed BIST a degenerate MISR structure is used for every SRL channel; this offers reduced area overheads and has less impact on performance than the STUMPS techniques. The proposed BIST is designed to support both test-per-clock and test-per-scan techniques, and in test-per-scan the total power consumption of the circuit can be reduced dramatically by suppressing the effects of scan data on the circuits. Results of the experiments on ISCAS 89 benchmark circuits show that this architecture is also suitable for detecting path delay faults, when the hamming distance of the data in the SRL channel is considered.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.26 no.7
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• pp.65-72
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• 2009

Laser interferometry is widely used as a measuring system in many fields because of its high resolution and its ability to measure a broad area in real-time all at once. In conventional laser interferometry, for example out-of-plane ESPI (Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry), in plane ESPI, shearography and holography, it uses PZT or other components as a phase shift instrumentation to extract 3-D deformation data, vibration mode and others. However, in most cases PZT has some disadvantages, which include nonlinear errors and limited time of use. In the present study, a new type of laser interferometry using a laser diode is proposed. Using Laser Diode Sinusoidal Phase Modulating (LD-SPM) interferometry, the phase modulation can be directly modulated by controlling the laser diode injection current thereby eliminating the need for PZT and its components. This makes the interferometry more compact. This paper reports on a new approach to the LD (Laser Diode) Modulating interferometry that involves four-frame phase shift method. This study proposes a four-frame phase mapping algorithm, which was developed to have a guaranteed application, to stabilize the system in the field and to be a user-friendly GUI. In this paper, the theory for LD wavelength modulation and sinusoidal phase modulation of LD modulating interferometry is shown. Using modulating laser and research of measurement algorithm does comparison with existent ESPI measurement algorithm. Algorithm measures using GPIB communication through most LabVIEW 8.2. GPIB communication does alteration through PC. Transformation of measurement object measures through modulating laser algorithm that develops. Comparison of algorithm of modulating laser developed newly with existent PZT algorithm compares transformation price through 3-D. Comparison of 4-frame phase mapping, unwrapping, 3-D is then introduced.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.559-565
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• 2009

Power dissipation during scan testing is becoming an important concern as design sizes and gate densities increase. The high switching activity of combinational circuits is an unnecessary operation in scan shift mode. In this paper, we present a novel architecture to reduce test power dissipation in combinational logic by blocking signal transitions at the logic inputs during scan shifting. We propose a unique architecture that uses dmuxed scan flip-flop (DSF) and transmission gate as an alternative to muxed scan flip-flop. The proposed method does not have problems with auto test pattern generation (ATPG) techniques such as test application time and computational complexity. Moreover, our elegant method improves performance degradation and large overhead in terms of area with blocking logic techniques. Experimental results on ITC99 benchmarks show that the proposed architecture can achieve an average improvement of 30.31% in switching activity compared to conventional scan methods. Additionally, the results of simulation with DSF indicate that the powerdelay product (PDP) and area overhead are improved by 28.9% and 15.6%, respectively, compared to existing blocking logic method.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.53-65
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• 2014

The current research examines whether pitch contour shapes in North Kyungsang pitch accent contrasts provide a phonetic dimension for phonological discreteness in a mimicry task. Two pitch accent continua resynthesized were created for HH vs. HL and HH vs. LH. To confirm a phonetic dimension for accounting for pitch accent categories in North Kyungsang Korean, the mimicries of speakers of two dialects (i.e., North Kyungsang & South Cholla) were compared. One of the findings showed that, for North Kyungsang speakers, the range of mean f0 peak times was a phonetic dimension undergoing a continuous shift within a stimulus continuum for both HH vs. HL and HH vs. LH. On the other hand, for South Cholla speakers, there were no apparent shifts around categorical boundaries for either HH vs. HL or HH vs. LH. Regarding individual mimicries on f0 peak timing, there are many variations. For HH vs. LH, three North Kyungsang speakers showed a discrete pattern reflecting a shift in phonological categories, but for HH vs. HL, there was no such distinction showing a categorical shift, though there were statistically significant differences for two speakers. Interestingly, one of the North Kyungsang speakers showed a continuous phonetic dimension for both HH vs. HL and HH vs. LH. Lastly, the f0 valley timing did not exhibit a discrete or gradient phonetic dimension for speakers of either dialect. On the basis of these results, what is interesting is that the tonal target such as high tone in North Kyungsang pitch accent categories within the autosegmental-metrical (AM) theory may be realized within individual cognitive systems for representing the interaction of perception and production.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.333-344
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was conducted to provide baseline data to develop work patterns for nurses that are suitable to Korean hospitals. Shift work patterns and nurses' preferences for working condition were examined. Methods: Questionnaires for nurse departments and nurses were mailed to 478 hospitals from June 1 to July 30, 2012. Nurse departments of 174 hospitals and 1,409 nurses responded to the questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS statistical program. Results: Of the nurses, 89.4% were working three shifts. Of the hospitals, 17.3% had implemented fixed night work. Although 80% of nurses preferred fixed time work, only 24.9% of hospitals had fixed working hours. Of the nurses, 57% agreed with night work as fixed but potential night nurses accounted for only 17% of the respondents. Sixty-three percent of the nurses agreed on short time work during busy hours. There were preference differences according to age, marital status and clinical career. Conclusion: As many nurses reported a preference for various flexible working patterns rather than three shift work, there is a need for new decisions on hospital policy to ensure improved working conditions for nurses and enhanced job security. Legal requirements also need to be considered for various work patterns.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.664-675
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• 2016

The purpose of the study was to explore the nurses' perception of flexible working and present an operational guideline for implementation. The data were collected from a survey of 532 nurses conducted from 10 February to 24 February, 2015, using simple random sampling. SPSS 21.0 was used to analyze the data. This study found that the demanding for shorter hour shifts was highest ($M=3.89{\pm}0.87$) and 242 participants (46.2%) intended to apply the shift, followed by a fixed night shift, fixed weekend shift, and 12 hour shift. The common reasons identified were the poor environment of shift work and the challenges of child care. The increased time for personal development, relaxation activity to improve the quality of life and child care was highlighted and work-life balance was noted as a positive impact of flexible working. The negative impacts of flexible working were being likely to become temporary workers. These results can help establish uniform working conditions of nurses in the future by providing a standardized operational guideline as a precondition for reasonable compensation and working environment according to a flexible working pattern.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.943-949
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• 2010

This paper presents some improvements on VLSI implementation of lifting-based 9/7 wavelet transform by optimization hardware multiplication. The proposed solution requires less logic area and power consumption without performance loss compared to previous wavelet filter structure based on lifting scheme. This paper proposes a better approach to the hardware implementation using Lefevre algorithm based on extensions of Pattern search methods. To compare the proposed structure to the previous solutions on full multiplier blocks, we implemented them using Verilog HDL. For a hardware implementation of the two solutions, the logical synthesis on 0.18 um standard cells technology show that area, maximum delay and power consumption of the proposed architecture can be reduced up to 51%, 43% and 30%, respectively, compared to previous solutions for a 200 MHz target clock frequency. Our evaluation show that when design VLSI chip of lifting-based 9/7 wavelet filter, our solution is better suited for standard-cell application-specific integrated circuits than prior works on complete multiplier blocks.