• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.27 no.7A
• /
• pp.668-675
• /
• 2002

This paper proposes pre-distorter combined LUT with 2ιpartition interpolation method to reduce nonlinear distortion which was caused by high PAPR and to update LUT quickly. Pre-distorted gain and phase can be found by using LUT which consisted of AM/AM and AM/PM value, and OFDM signal amplitude. The proposed 2ιpartition interpolation can accurately find predistorted gain and phase using bit shift and add component instead of increasing size of LUT which requires increasing the amount of computation. The performance of the proposed method was measured by the difference between HPA input and output characteristics by the LUT size, constellation, SER performance by the HPA, and LUT update error by the HPA characteristic changes. As a result, it is shown that when the size of the LUT is 32 and 64 for 16-QAM and 64-QAM, nonlinear distortion nearly didn't occurred.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.34 no.9C
• /
• pp.906-914
• /
• 2009

SC-FDMA is employed in the 3GPP-LTE standard as the uplink transmission scheme. SC-FDMA has advantages that the signal has a low PAPR property and a simple equalizer such as FD-LE can be implemented. But FD-LE has inferior performance to Hybrid-DFE composed of frequency-domain feedforward filter and time-domain feedback filter. Recently, several IB-DFE algorithms have been proposed to overcome the disadvantages of implementation and processing complexity of Hybrid-DFE and to obtain superior performance to FD-LE. In this paper, we apply several IB-DFE algorithms to 3GPP-LTE uplink system and compare their performance by calculating BER. We investigate the effects of channel estimation errors and Doppler shift on performance. Finally, by analyzing computational complexity of IB-DFEs, we present some criteria to choose appropriate algorithm and to decide the number of iterative processes.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.25 no.12
• /
• pp.1769-1774
• /
• 2004

Jun/Fos, a crucial factor in transmitting the tumor-promoting signal from the extracellular environment to the nuclear transcription machinery, has a dimerization interface possessing several coiled structural properties. Jun and Fos can interact with the DNA regulatory region, AP-1 (Activator Protein-1), which is composed of 5'-TGAC/GTCA-3'.$^1$ Curcumin is a well-known anticancer and anti-inflammatory compound.$^{2,3}$ It also acts as an inhibitor of the Jun-Fos function. c-Fos and c-Jun with a bZIP region are overexpressed in BL21 E. coli and purified with an $Ni^{2+}$ affinity column. The inhibitors of Fos-Jun-AP-1 complex formation were searched through the EMSA (electrophoresis mobility shift assay) experiment, and new curcuminoids were synthesized and investigated as to their inhibitory effect on the same system. Two curcuminoids showed a stronger inhibitory effect than curcumin. This inhibitory activity was quantified with EMSA. 1,7-bis(4-methyl)-1,6-heptadiene-3,5-dione (BJC003) and 1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-3-nitrophenyl)-1,6-heptadiene-3,5-dione (BJC005) showed remarkably high inhibitory activities. $IC_{50}$ of 1,7-bis(4-methyl)-1,6-heptadiene-3,5-dione (BJC003) and 1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-3-nitrophenyl)-1,6-heptadiene-3,5-dione (BJC005) are 8.98 ${\mu}M$ and 5.40 ${\mu}M$, respectively. However, 1,7-bis(4-methyl-3-nitrophenyl)-1,6-heptadiene-3,5-dione (BJC004) did not show inhibitory activity.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
• /
• v.28 no.5
• /
• pp.489-494
• /
• 2004

Long Period Gratings (LPG) is currently receiving considerable attention because of their consistent measuring results fur pressure, temperature, strain and flow. LPG is easier to prepare and has a high sensitivity compared with Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBG). In addition, this kind of optical fiber sensors could be used for implementations in various structures. In this paper, LPG was used to monitor in situ the resin flow and the curing process in VARTM (Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer. Molding). In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method, FBG is inserted into the glass mat to monitor the resin flow using optical spectrum analyzer (OSA). The curing reactions in VARTM are also observed using the same method. From the results, the attenuation wavelength shift and the loss change of attenuation band can be obtained from the status of the RTM (Resin Transfer Molding) sample owing to the internal variations of the .effective index, temperature, and pressure. It is shown that the proposed LPG is more effective in monitoring the curing reaction than FBG.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.361-372
• /
• 2002

Purpose : The purpose of study was to identify to analysis of core nursing interventions performed by Operating Room nurses. Method : The subjects of the study were arbitrarily selected nurses(n=104) working in Operating Room. The period for data collection was 15 days from July, 15, 2002 to July, 30. 2002. The instrument for study was 486 Nursing Interventions Classification developed by McClosky & Bulechek(2000) and was translated into Korean. In 486 nursing interventions, 57 nursing interventions were selected by more than half of 47 professional nurses group of Operating Room. 57 nursing interventions were used as a secondary questionnaire. In the secondary questionnaire, labels and definitions of all 57 interventions were listed. The collected data were self reported by Operating Room nurses. The data were analysed with SPSS program. Result : In 57 nursing interventions, the 'Behavior' domain was the most frequently used. Core interventions of Operating Room were performed several times a day by more than 50% of Operating Room nurses. Core interventions of Operating Room were 16 Core interventions, 7 classes, 5 domains. In the core interventions, the 'Physiological:Complex' domain was the most frequently used. Core interventions of Operating Room were Surgical Preperation, Infection Control:Intraoperative, Surgical Precautions, Fall Prevention, Documentation, Surgical Assistance, Environmental Management:Safety, Skin Surveillance, Physical Restraint, Pressure Ulcer Prevention, Environmental Management:Comfort, Infection Protection, Presence, Emotional Support, Specimen Management, Shift Report. Conclusion : Core interventions of Operating Room have implications for nursing care practice, nursing education, nursing research, and nursing information system in Operating Room.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.371-376
• /
• 2018

In the system security technology, the information hiding field is developed as technologies for embedding information, which are generally used as contents media. The proposed technique is a technical steganography technique which uses a technique of concealing certain information through physical / statistical change of signal values of contents. Recently, there have been various studies based on histogram shifting in reversible data concealment. In multi - peak histogram shifting, the capacity of data concealment gradually increased by applying multiple peak histogram method. In this paper, we analyze the effect of concealment in terms of adopting the histogram shift method including skipping. In addition, we propose multi - branch data concealment as a general method to improve concealment capacity. The above proposal has proved to be an example using mathematical expressions, and further improvement measures could be derived.

• Journal of National Security and Military Science
• /
• s.4
• /
• pp.119-156
• /
• 2006

Now it is not useful the theory about civil-military relationship that have been analysed for power games between military and civilians Korean society is going on governance society managed by cooperating network of government, civilian society and business market These social change require for new context about civil-Military relationship. Military leadership must contribute desirable civil-military relationship This study will suggest the direction about military leadership for desirable civil-military relationship. Now political issues about military intervention to the government are almost settled, but the worry about complications between military and civilians exist in the part of low issues like policy-making. Another important issues is military leadership about the style of social-being. In recent years, social change is very complex and speedy like global networking and diversity, leadership environment also, changed like leadership paradigm shift. Military leadership must be examined from the principle to the context of social integration At the present age, individual soldier is citizen in uniformed. Also military leadership must to seek the principle in the citizen mind like citizenship. Another charactristics of present day military is influence of high technogy. For the high-tech war military need the transition about science and technology from the whole society. In the context of above the development of military leadership are suggested as follows. First, the development of military control leadership must besought to the context of cooperation between government and military. Government must provide the system to strengthen military professionals in the process of policy-making about national security Second, military leadership must embody the important social values through the advanced military making, Third, military leadership must provide the adaptability to the society through the military education of their soldiers Forth, military leadership must be contributed to the social integration and to the growing up individual soldiers like their socialization and their achievement. Five, an important subject of military leadership is the creation of desirable military culture through the harmony of social culture and military culture.

• Macromolecular Research
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.322-324
• /
• 2004

Poly(1-dodecyl-2,5-pyrrylene vinylene) (PDPV) has an extended 1t-conjugated structure and exhibits characteristic spectroscopic features. The PDPV we prepared has an absorption maximum at 510nm and its long absorption tail at ca. 750nm in methylene chloride is due to the long 1t-conjugated system connected to vinyl group. The large red-shift of emission was 625nm upon excitation at 480nm, which suggests the existence of a low emissive state. The emission of PDPV in less-polar solvents decreased markedly relative to that in the more-polar solvents; this observation was ascribed possibly to quenching by a strong vibrational mode of the dodecyl groups of PDPV in less-polar solvents. Furthermore, the emission from the high-energy side had a single decay component (0.1㎱, 49.96%), while that from the low-energy side had two components (0.6㎱, 27.1 %; 2.7㎱, 22.87%). We characterized the redox properties of PDPV by cyclic voltammetry. Every redox peak showed irreversible behavior; the oxidation peaks appeared at 1.7,0.8, and 0.6V and the reduction peak at -0.5V.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.75-86
• /
• 2005

To investigate the fatigue characteristic of upper limbs, this study analyzed RMS(root mean square) and MPF(mean power frequency) value between initial and terminal stages of each experiment condition. And the effect of intermittent endurance time was evaluated using the Borg's CR10 value that was measured for the parts of upper limb. According to the results of ANOVA on RMS value, there were significant difference on the %MVC about push, pull, and down force exertion. Particularly the ANOVA of up force exertion was significant difference on shoulder flexion, elbow flexion and rest time as well as %MVC. The results of ANOVA for MPF value were significant difference on the %MVC in regard of the push and up force exertion. In case of up force exertion, MPF value tended to shift low frequency at all of the experiment conditions. According to the analysis of duty cycle, RMS value considerably increased over 50% duty cycle and as the %MVC increased, the duty cycle affected the increase of RMS value. MPF value for up and down force exertion decreased at 33%, 50% and 67% duty cycle for all of %MVC. Borg CR10 value of hand and forearm were below the 3-point to the 40% of endurance time at 30%MVC and to the 20% of endurance time at 50%MVC with the exception of up force exertion. But Borg CR10 values of upper arm and shoulder at up force exertion were more than 3-point to the 20% of endurance time at 30%MVC and in the start point of endurance time at 50%MVC.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
• /
• v.12 no.5
• /
• pp.110-119
• /
• 2007

In an extended enterprise, there is a shift to shared services, cosourcing and outsourcing, and extending out to partners, suppliers, and customers to accomplish business objectives more effectively. Along with this critical need, executives should be aware of the need to focus on optimizing the value of their information technology and reducing the related risks. So IT governance is critical, and many companies including spin-off venture are providing IT governance solution, but very little is known about brand management and marketing strategy of IT governance solution provider. The purpose of this study is to investigate brand positioning of IT governance solution company focusing on spin-off venture. The results of this study are summarized as follows. First, brand management is needed in the spin-off venture. second, IT governance solution companies including spin-off venture must provide something more than functional value. That is, they actively seek to emotional or symbolic value for their customers.