• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.357-362
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• 2015

A novel $TiO_2$-Coconut Shell Powder Composite (TCSPS), prepared by the controlled sol-gel method with subsequent heat treatment, was evaluated as an innovative photocatalytic absorbent for the removal of methylene blue. Optimal preparation conditions of TCSPC were obtained by a response surface methodology and a central composite design model. As compared with the results obtained from one-factor-at-a-time experiments, the values were approximated to the nearest condition of these values and the following experimental parameters were set as the optimum : $600^{\circ}C$ calcination temperature and 20 g of coconut shell powder loading amount.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.30 no.8
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• pp.703-708
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• 2021

To improve the environmental management and resources, in this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of adding oyster shell powder to Hanwoo manure on its characteristics and microbial composition during the storage period. Additives were deposited on top of the manure surface at the rate of 0, 0.5, and 1% of oyster shell powder per 200 g of Hanwoo manure in a plastic container with three replicates; however, untreated manure litter served as the control. Manure characteristics (dry matter, organic matter and crude ash) and microbial composition (lactic acid bacteria, yeast, Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella, and E.coli) were evaluated at day 0, 2, 4, and 8. Manure characteristics exhibited an effect on dry matter, organic matter, and crude ash at day 2 and 8 (p<0.05), and not for day 0 and 4 (p>0.05). With the exception of yeast content at day 4 of storage, lactic acid bacteria, yeast, Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella, and E.coli exhibited no significant differences in all conditions during the storage period. Conclusively, addition of 1% oyster shell powder to Hanwoo manure resulted in slightly better manure characteristics; however, its microbial composition remained unchanged.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.100-103
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• 2017

We studied the microstructure and magnetic properties of Fe nanosized powder synthesized by the pulsed wire evaporation method. The x-ray diffraction spectrum confirmed that this powder had a pure ${\alpha}$-Fe phase. Scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope measurements indicated that the prepared powder had uniform spherical shape with core-shell structure. The mean powder size was about 35 nm and the thickness of the surface passivation layer was about 5 nm. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy measurement indicated that the surface passivation layer was iron oxide. Magnetic field dependent magnetization measurement at room temperature showed that the maximum magnetization of the prepared powder was 177.1 emu/g at 1 T.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.420-425
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• 2018

Core-shell structured nanoparticles are garnering attention because these nanoparticles are expected to have a wide range of applications. The objective of the present study is to improve the coating efficiency of gold shell formed on the surface of silica nanoparticles for $SiO_2@Au$ core-shell structure. For the efficient coating of gold shell, we attempt an in-situ synthesis method such that the nuclei of the gold nanoparticles are generated and grown on the surface of silica nanoparticles. This method can effectively form a gold shell as compared to the conventional method of attaching gold nanoparticles to silica particles. It is considered possible to form a dense gold shell because the problems caused by electrostatic repulsion between the gold nanoparticles in the conventional method are eliminated.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.160-166
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• 1989

This study was conducted to investigate whether egg-shell may be used as a mineral sourceor leavening agent in breadmaking. In Korea the waste volume of egg shell has been estimated at about 28,694 tons per year. Carbon dioxide generation maxima were established for barking powder$(153{\pm}3ml/g)$, egg-shell(205in reaction with lactic acid) and yeast$(115{\pm}3ml/sugar\;g)$. Gas release time required for each substance to reach $CO_2$ maximum was, for baking powder 7 minutes, for egg-shell 45 mins and for yeast 240 mins. Particle size of egg-shell in breadmaking was suitable more than 20 mesh (-). When egg-shell only was added to the basic formular without including lactic acid, no leavening effect was observed. However, when lactic acid and egg-shell were used together, the leavening effect was more or less equivalent to that of yeast(control). Addition of egg-shell was found to increase calcium content of bread products without noticeable altering flavor, as compared with control. Joint use of egg-shell was organic acids in breadmaking was shown to have potential in time saving, volume increase and yeast saving.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.48-54
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• 2003

Odor-removing polyethylene film utilizing waste shell powder (annual production: 250,000 ton) was prepared. Odor removal was designed to work by cation or cationic surfactant adsorbed onto the shell surface by ion-exchange: cationic surfactants (DTAB (n-dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide), CTAB (n-cetyltrimethylammonium bromide) and DHAB (n-dihexade-cyldimethylammonium bromide), and cations $Ce^{3+}$ , $Mg^{2+}$ and $Al^{3+}$) were used. Surface-modified waste shell powder was com-pounded with LDPE to produce 20 wt% shell masterbatch (MB), and the MB was again blended with LDPE to get shell-containing LDPE films with 3,5, 10 wt% of shell (width: 40 cm, thickness: 40 $\mu\textrm{m}$). Mechanical properties of the various shell-LDPE films maintained more than 80 % of that of pure LDPE film. Both shell film modified with cationic surfactant and one without shell surface-modification showed excellent odor-removing ability.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.30-33
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• 2000

The objective of this study is to examine the subsitiution effect of the waste oyster shell powder as the conditioning agent in municipal wasterwater sludge dewatering process. Beacuse the oyster shells have a large amount(about 38% by weight) of alkaline minerals, such as calcium and magnesium, they are thought to have the potential as a good conditioning agent. In this study, the physico-chemical properties of powdered oyster shells (75${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ or 200 mesh) and the dewatering characteristics of municipal waste water sludge using powdered oyster shells and CaCO3 are investigated. The conclusions are as follows, 1. Oyster shell could produce calcium ions up to 14ppm at pH-7.0, and this represents that oyster shell is a potential properties as a good conditioner. 2. 100ml of wastewater sludges, conditioned with pretreated oyster shell, are dewatered to the level of 25% solid concentration. 3. Wasterwater sludges, conditioned with oyster shell and CaCO3 are dewatered to the level of 32% solid concentration. And this shows that two-stage combined conditioning process is desirable than the one-stage conditioning process.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.241-245
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• 2002

To effectively utilize ostrich egg shell as a calcium source, various conditions for preparation of calcium lactate from ashing powder (ashed for 15 min at 90$0^{\circ}C$) were evaluated. Optimal conditions involved treatment of ashing powder with 30 mL lactic acid solution at room temperature for 15 min with a CaO : lactic acid ratio (mol/mol) of 1:2. Calcium lactate contained 39.70% calcium comparable to that (40.98%) in ostrich egg shell. Solubility of calcium lactate, 97.7%, was considerably higher than those (0.58% and 3.43%, respectively) of ostrich egg shell and ashing powder, indicating that the former can be utilized more effectively as a calcium source than the two latter.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.169-173
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• 2013

High-coercive (Nd,Dy)-Fe-B magnets were fabricated via dysprosium coating on Nd-Fe-B powder. The sputtering coating process of Nd-Fe-B powder yielded samples with densities greater than 98%. $(Nd,Dy)_2Fe_{14}B$ phases may have effectively penetrated into the boundaries between neighboring $Nd_2Fe_{14}B$ grains during the sputtering coating process, thereby forming a $(Nd,Dy)_2Fe_{14}B$ phase at the grain boundary. The maximum thickness of the Dy shell was approximately 70 nm. The maximum coercivity of the Dy sputter coated samples(sintered samples) increased from 1162.42 to 2020.70 kA/m. The microstructures of the $(Nd,Dy)_2Fe_{14}B$ phases were effectively controlled, resulting in improved magnetic properties. The increase in coercivity of the Nd-Fe-B sintered magnet is discussed from a microstructural point of view.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.295-303
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• 2018

The application of reinforcing agents with hydraulic property and strength development characteristics was studied under conditions similar to those of mural-painting mortar made with oyster shell powder. Reinforcement mortar made with oyster shell powder showed hydraulic properties and strength to supplement the weaknesses of natural hydraulic lime(NHL); this confirmed its possibility as a wall-reinforcing material with enough strength for preserving mural paintings. Reinforcement mortar 1 showed hydraulic property and general characteristics of lime mortar, such as consistency and viscosity, as well as lower strength and higher whiteness compared to an NHL product. For Reinforcement mortar 2, the original wall sample characteristics were reflected by mixing more shell produced through calcination; and it showed similar strength to that of Reinforcement mortar 1 as well as high whiteness. In measuring the contraction ratio of reinforcement mortar samples, Reinforcement mortar 1 and 2 showed more stability in property change compared to the NHL Group.