• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.10-20
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• 1991

This study was conducted to estimate heritabilities and genetic correlations on egg compositions and egg qualities in Korean Native Ogol fowl. The data were gathered from a total of 58,320 eggs in 450 pullets produced from 150 dams and 20 sires of Korean Native Ogol fowl raised at Chungnam National University from June 18, 1987 to April 6, 1989. The results obtained are summarized as follows : 1. The heritability estimates of egg compositions based on the variance of sires, dams and combined components were 0.620 - 0.723, 0206 - 0.300 and 0.413 - 0.511 for albumen weight: 0.439 - 0.737, 0.484 - 0.544 and 0.492 - 0.615 for yolk weight: 0.172 - 0.187, 0.412 - 0.642 and 0.309 - 0.503 for shell weight, respectively. 2. The heritability estimates of egg qualities based on the variance of sires, dams and combined components were 0.202 - 0279, 0.557 - 0.819 and 0.428 - 0.508 for shell thickness : 0.202 - 0.394, 0.119 - 0.678 and 0.256 - 0.440 for albumen height : 0.108 - 0.443, 0237 - 0.698 and 0244 - 0.399 for Haught units, respectively. 3. The genetic and phenotypic correlations of egg compositions were as follows; The coefficients between albumen weight and yolk weight were 0.089 - 0.564 and 0.084 - 0.235; between albumen weight and shell weight were 0.396 - 0.925 and 0225 - 0.544; between yolk weight and shell weight were 0.220 - 0.357 and 0.098 - 0.358, respectively. 4. The genetic and phenotypic correlations of egg qualities as follows; between shell thickness and albumen height were 0.082 - 0.356 and - 0.163 - 0.060; between shell thickness and Haught units were - 0.076 - 0.167 and - 0.185 - 0.010; between albumen height and Haught units were 0.338 - 0.604 and 0.154 - 0285, respectively. 5. The genetic correlations of egg compositions and egg qualities were as follows: between albumen weight and shell thickness, albumen height. Haught units were - 0.380 - - 0.002, 0239 - 0.387, and - 0279 - - 0.127; between yolk weight and shell thickness, albumen height, Haught units were - 0.294 - - 0.133, - 0.049 - 0.133 and - 0.196 - - 0.136; between shell weight and shell thickness, albumen height, Haught units were 0.127 - 0.476, 0.140 - 0273 and 0.038 - 0223, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.109-116
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• 1997

This experiment was carried out to examine the effect of various functional materials such as bioceramic podwers, crushed shells and elvanites supplemented to the each substrate on the seedlings growth of cucumber, watermelon and tomato. The seedlings were grown in pots filled with substrates of bioceramic podwers, crushed shell and elvanites. The growth of cucumber seedlings in terms of plant height, stem diameter, leaf width, leaf area, plant fresh and dry weight was promoted by adding the bioceramic. powder (1 to 2g/kg), crushed shells (20 to 80g/kg) or elvanites (20 to 80g/kg). Watermelon seedlings in terms of plant height, number of leaves and leaf area were greater than those of the control by adding bioceramics (1 to 2g/kg). Plant height was also promoted by the adding of bioceramic power from 16 days after treatment. But leaf area was increased from 8 days after treatment, while stem diameter was not affected. Watermelon seedlings were also influenced by adding curshed shells (20 to 80g/kg) and elvanites (20 to 40g/kg) into each substrate. The growth of characteristics of tomato seedlings were promoted by adding 1 to 3g/kg of bioceramics, 10 to 80g/kg of crushed shell or 20 to 40g/kg of elvanites, respectively. Especially, root growth was greatly influenced by bioceramic powder, whereas the shoot growth(leaves and stem) was stimulated by crushed shells and elvanites suppemented into substrate.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.31-43
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• 1968

1. Shell height frequencies of the fresh-water cockle, Corbicula elatior, sampled in the period of 1960 to 1963, are analyzed to assess the age composition and average growth pattern. Cumulative frequencies in a sample are traced on a probability scale, and the points of inflection on a probability graph are assumed to dissect age groups. 2. Seasonal growth of Corbicula elatior in the Naktong River ill as follows: Young cockles settle down on river-bed by June and grow rapidly during the summer season, reaching 14mm in shell height by October. From October to April the growth is very slow. The rapid growth in the second year starts around in May. 3. Survival rate per year for Corbicula elatior in the Naktong River is estimated to be $5\~10\%$ by age composition.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.669-672
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• 2023

In this research, the researcher has examined the factors affecting the movement of the soccer ball and will show that the effects such as air resistance, altitude above sea level, wind, air pressure, air temperature, air humidity, rotation of the earth, changes in the earth's gravitational acceleration in different areas. It, the geographical length and latitude of the launch point, the change of gravitational acceleration with height, the change of pressure with height, the change of temperature with height and also the initial spin (Magnus effect) affect the movement of projectiles (especially soccer ball). We modelled th ball based on shell element and derive the motion equations by energy method. Finally, using numerical solution, the wave of the ball is studied. The influences of various parameters are investigated on wave propagation of the ball. Therefore, in short, it can be said that the main factors that play a major role in the lateral deviation of the hit ball are the initial spin of the ball and the wind.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.217-223
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• 2013

The morphological relations and physiological characteristics of the triploid and diploid oysters (Crassostrea gigas) in Taean area, west coast of Korea, were investigated from May 2012 to April 2013. Mophometric analysis indicated that the triploid oysters have the same shell length to shell height ratio but higher shell depth to shell height ratio than diploids. Consistent with morphological characteristics, triploid oysters showed greater values of fatness, condition index and RNA/DNA ratio during the period of experiment. The DNA concentration in adductor muscle and mantle of triploid were either lower or equal to the nucleic acids of diploid. However, RNA/DNA ratio were significantly higher than diploid. It appears that RNA/DNA ratio could be a useful indicator of health condition of triploid and diploid oysters when taken in correlation with the morphological indices.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.87-90
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• 1974

The followings are the results of study about morphological variation of mussel, Mytilus coruscus collected respectively from Sanyang-myeon Tongyeong-goon Gyeongnam on 13th January, Yeonwha-do Yokji-myeon Tongyeong-goon Gyeongnam on 15th May and down below the Yeong-do Bridge Busan on 20th August, 1964. The biggest mussel of the above three areas have been from Yeong-do Bridge, whose shell height is 164.1 mm, shell length 77.8mm, shell breadth 52.2mm, total weight 291,9g and shell length is as follows : from Yeong-do Bridge L=0.4954H + 1.9516, from Sanyang-myeon L=0.3718H + 14.145, from Yeonwha-do L=0.4074H + 9,6610 The relationship between shell height and shell breadth is as follows : from Yeong-do Bridge B=0.3426H + 0.2052, from Sanyang-myeon B=0.3084H + 3.6183, from Yeonwha-do B=0.3507H + 0.8028 In view of the above relationship, it is concluded that the slope value of mussel, nearer to the inshore from the off-sea, is similar to that of M. edulis, from which are can presume that M. coruscus could be changed in shell form according to its environment. Growth curve between total weight and shell height is as follows : from Yeong-do Bridge W=0. 00020469 $$H^{2.79745}$ from Sanyang-myeon W=0.00061512$H^{2.53708}$ from Yeonwha-do W=0.00016965$H^{2.83960}$

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.49-56
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• 1977

For the culture the population growth, shell length and spawning seasons of Gomphina veneriformis, and its environmental factors, were investigated at the Jeju coastal regions. from Feburuary, 1975 to March, 1976. The soil movements of the tidal flats where the clams inhabited were relatively rapid during the strong tidal actions. The rate of population growth were rapid from April to September, then became obsure. The relative growth equations of the shell height (SH) and the shell breadth (SB) against the shell length (SL) of the clams were as follows: Changhung : SH=0.751 SL + 0.685, SB=0.448 SL-0.630 Pyoson : SH-0.775 SL - 0.115, SB=0.464 SL-1.008 Hwhason : SH=0.794 SL - 0.923, SB=0.485 SL-1.155 Kwhagzee : SH=0.771 SL - 0.644, SB=0.455 SL-1.049 The meat weight increases of the clams were continued from March to late June, then it decreased sharply up to late August. The spawning of the clams seems to be late from June to Spetember in the regions studied.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.71-75
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• 1972

The growth of the mussel, Mytilus edulis, in a salt-field reservoir was investigated at Dangjin, Choongnam, from June to October in 1970. l. Temperature, salinity, specific gravity, and pH of water were $22.5-27.5^{\circ}C,\;28.6-34.8\%$, 1.019-1.024, and 7.6 respectively in the salt-field reservoir from June 20 to July 19. 2. Three species of Gastropoda and seven species of Pelecypoda were collected. 3. The shell height of the mussel group in the highest abundance increased from 200mm($15\~25mm$) on June 15 to 40mm ($20\~50mm$) on September 26 in the salt-field reservoir, whereas the average shell heights of them were 19.80mm (June 15) and 35. 10mm (Sept. 26) respectively. 4. The daily growth of the mussel from July 10 to August 12 was 0.22 mm in shell height and highest during the experimental period. 5. The relationships between shell length (L) and shell height (H), and between shell length (L) and shell breadth (B) of the young mussel are represented by the following equations respectively : H=1.26776L+5.07978 B=35041L+3.05502 6. From the above results, it is suggested that the culture of the mussell, Mytilus edulis, in a salt-field reservoir is possible.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.119-128
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• 2000

Exposure to air and increased temperature induced successful spawning in Mytilus edulis, M. coruscus Crassostrea gigas and Pinctata fucata martensii. Developmental durations required for an egg to attain D-shaped larva and the D-shaped larva to reach pediveliger stage were estimated in these bivalves. Size of fertilized eggs was the largest (70.3 ${\mu}m$) in M. coruscus and the smallest (45.3 ${\mu}m$) in P. fucata martensii. At 17$^{\circ}C$, M. edulis and M. coruscus attained D-shaped larval stage within 48 hours after fertilization but those of C. gigas and B. fucata martensiii within 24 and 22 hours at 21 and 26$^{\circ}C$, respectively. The development duration required for a D-shaped larva to attain pediveliger stage was the longest (27 days) in M. coruscus and ranged between 20 and 22 days for the others. The shell length of the pediveliger was the longest (274.9 ${\mu}m$) in C. gigas and smallest (190.9 ${\mu}m$) in P. fucata martensii Length and height of larval shell was highly correlated with each other in all the 4 species. The shell height of C. gigas was more than the shell length beyond the size of 100 ${\mu}m$ shell length. However, shell length of the others was always longer than shell height at the larval stage.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.44-54
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• 2002

The fresh eggs of African ostrich in Korea were used in this study to investigate their interior and exterior quality characteristics. In ostrich egg shape characteristics, long and short length were measured as 15.1~16.1 cm and 12.1~13.6 cm, respectively. The egg shape index was calculated as 81.0 and the egg shell showed a more g loss white in color than that of hen egg. Calculated breaking strength of egg shell and egg shell surface based on the equation were $41.155kg/cm^3$ and $804.7cm^2$, respectively. Average egg shell thickness including egg shell membrane was 1.89 mm and there are no differences among parts of the shell. The egg shell membrane thickness was 0.10 mm showing relatively thick in equator compared with that of blunt end. The ave rage number of egg shell pores was counted as $19.7/cm^2$ showing relatively high number of egg shell pores at point end and the total number of egg shell pores in an egg was estimated as 15,241. The relative port ion of each parts based on egg weight was estimated as 25.1% for egg yolk, 58.2% for egg white, 16.7% for egg shell and the ratio of egg yolk to egg white (Y/W) was 0.43. The average diameter and the ave rage height of ostrich egg white were 19.7 cm and 13.2 mm, respectively. Calculated the H.U (Haugh Unit) was -69.7 and the pH was 8.3. In ostrich egg yolk, the diameter, the height, the egg yolk index, and it's pH were calculated as 14.4 cm, 29.4 mm, 0.20, and 6.6, respectively. And the egg yolk color showed a more thin in yellow chroma compared with that of hen egg as due to it's thicker membrane.