• Title/Summary/Keyword: Shell body

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Lesser known indigenous vegetables as potential natural egg colourant in laying chickens

  • Abiodun, Bolu Steven;Adedeji, Aderibigbe Simeon;Abiodun, Elegbeleye
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • v.56 no.5
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    • pp.18.1-18.5
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    • 2014
  • Background: A six-week study involving two hundred and fifty (250) Harco Black layer birds at point of lay was conducted to investigate the effects of potential natural colorant on performance and Egg quality traits. The birds were assigned to five (5) dietary treatments, each containing supplements either of control, Baobab Leaf (BL), Waterleaf (WL), Red Pepper (RP), Canthaxanthin (CTX) at 40 g/kg feed and 50 mg/kg feed of natural and commercial colorants, respectively. Results: Performance records shows that there was no significant (p > 0.05) difference in feed intake across the supplements of Red pepper, Water leaf, Canthaxanthin and control diet, however, birds fed Baobab leaf treatment had a significantly lower (p < 0.05) feed intake value (94.07 g) when compared with other treatments. Body weight gain and Hen Day Production were not significant influenced (p > 0.05) by the dietary treatments, although laying hens fed Baobab leaf supplement had lowest mean HDP of 48.80%, while birds fed Red pepper and Water leaf supplement had an average value of 52.79%. There was no significant effect (p > 0.05) of colorants on egg external traits, compared with the control; birds fed Canthaxanthin treatment had higher mean egg weight (51.79 g), egg length (4.55 g), egg breadth (3.29 g); Red pepper treatment had highest mean shell thickness (0.29 g), however these differences were not significant (p > 0.05). Yolk height, Albumen height, Yolk index, and Haugh unit were not significantly affected (p > 0.05) across treatments. Yolk width was lowest (p < 0.05) in Baobab leaf treatment (2.54 cm); Red pepper, Water leaf and Canthaxanthin (2.89 cm, 2.62 cm and 2.89 cm respectively) were not significantly (p > 0.05) different from the control (2.73 cm). Yolk colour score was significantly highest (p < 0.05) in Red pepper treatment (7.50); Water leaf, Baobab leaf and Canthaxanthin ranged between 2.25-3.31 on the DSM yolk colour fan, Control treatment had the lowest yolk colour score (p < 0.05) of 1.31. Conclusion: The study showed Red pepper as a worthy alternative to commercial yolk colorant. Water leaf and baobab are not good substitutes for canthaxanthin as a yolk colourant.

Antitumor and Immunologic Activity of Chitosan Extracted from Shell of Shrimp (새우 껍질에서 추출한 키토산의 항암 및 면역활성)

  • 류병호
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.21 no.2
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    • pp.154-162
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    • 1992
  • This study was designed to investigate the antitumor effect and immunological activities of chitosan extracted from Solenocera prominetis toward on mire bearing sarcoma-180. The growth inhibition ratio of the chitosan toward sarcoma-180 showed at the highest level of 63.84% when chitosan were administrated at the concentration of 40mg/kg. The direct cytotoxic effect of chitosan was not observed in the mice bearing sar-roma-180 in vitro. In the effect of immunological activities, dose-dependent responses indicated by the increase of leucocyte, peritoneal exudate cell than that of control group when chitosan administered to the mice in the concentation of 30mg/kg and 40mg/kg. Also dose-dependent responses showed also by the increase of immunoorgans weights such as body weight, liver, spleen or thymus in the same concentration of 30mg/kg and 40mg/kg. Food pad swelling having the relationship with arthus reaction of antibody-mediated hypersensitivity and delayed type hypersensitivity was recovered the almost normal level. In the efforts of macrophge on phagocytes, there were not substantial differences in phagorytic and corrected phagocytic index. In the number of plaque forming cell(PFC), PFC on the 10$^{7}$ spleen cells were increased the levels of 18.88% and 31.83% when chitosan were adminstersd at the concentration of 30mg/kg and 40mg/kg.

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Effects of Cnidium officinale Makino and Tabanus bovinus in a CAM and Rat Corneal anti-angiogenesis (장요막과 흰쥐 각막에서의 신생혈관 억제를 위한 약재(Cnidium officinale Makino와 Tabanus bovinus) 효과 규명)

  • Han, Sun Hee;Kim, Dae Nyoun
    • Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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    • v.7 no.1
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    • pp.39-43
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    • 2002
  • This study was investigated the anti-angiogenic activities of Cnidium officinale Makino and Tabanus bovinus by using Chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) and rat cornea. First experiment, the fertilized chicken eggs were kept in a humidified egg incubator at $37^{\circ}C$. After 4 days incubation, about 3 ml of albumin was aspirated from eggs with an hypodermic needles through a small hole drilled at the narrow end of the eggs, and the shell membrane on the floor of the air sac was peeled away. Embryos with chorioallantois of 3~5 mm in diameter were employed for the assay of antiangiogenic activity. Retinoic acid was used as a positive control for this experiment. After 48 h of treatment. branching pattern of blood vessels below coverslip containing retinoic acid ($10{\mu}g/egg$) was dramatically decreased. A simiar angiogenic inhibition was observed in the CAM treated with $50{\mu}g/egg$ of Cnidium omcinale Makino and Tabanus bovinus extracts. Second experiment, rat corneal neovascularization was induced by suturing (one stitch) the cornea with 10-0 nylon, and terramycin was applied on the cornea for I week to prevent corneal inflammation. In the cornea of rats untreated with herbal extracts, numerous vessels were usually seen invading the cornea by day 2 or 3 after suture, and reaching the lesion area within 5~6 days. Corneal neovascularization was gradually increased and peaked at 3 weeks. In contrast to this, herbal extracts conspicuously inhibited the angiogenesis, Oral administration of herbal extracts (20 mg/kg body weight/day) for 4 weeks significantly inhibited the rat corneal angiogenesis induced by suture, and the length of blood vessels in herbal medicine-treated rat cornea was conspicuously lower than that in control animals. A similar phenomenon was also observed in the rat cornea treated with thalidomide (200 mg/kg body weight/day). These findings indicate the anti-angiogenic properties of Cnidium officinale Makino and Tabanus bovinus, suggesting that these properties may be one of the pharmacological mechanisms underlying the anti-tumor and anti-metastatic activities of herbal extracts tested in this study.

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Analysis of Genetic Relationship of Cordyceps militaris in Korea by Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (한국산 번데기동충하초의 RAPD 분석에 의한 종내 그룹의 유전적 유연관계 분석)

  • Sung, Jae-Mo;Kim, Sang-Hee;Yoon, Chul-Sik;Sung, Gi-Ho;Kim, Yong-Wook
    • The Korean Journal of Mycology
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    • v.27 no.4 s.91
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    • pp.256-273
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    • 1999
  • Seventy two isolates of Cordyceps militaris collected from 11 sites in Korea, including two isolates from ATCC, were used to assess genetic variation within Cordyceps militaris. The anamorph stage and cultural characteristics of C. militaris were observed through microscope and investigated on PDA respectively. The anamorphs of C. militaris were identified to be Verticillium. Isolates of C. militaris showed different growth rates, morphology and color. Fifty six isolates of single ascospore and seventy two isolates of mass ascospore from C. militaris were analysed using by Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) for genetic relationship analysis. Fifty six single ascospore isolates fell into two groups by phenogram constructed from distance values using the UPGMA method in NTSYS-pc software: group A from artificial fruit body of C18 except for isolate 51; group B from artificial fruit body of C738. The average genetic distance value within group A is 0.150 and group B is 0.163. The average genetic distance value between the two groups is 0.221. The average genetic distance value within 56 single ascospores is 0.207 and 72 mass ascospores is 0.330. Genetic relationships were not found among 72 mass ascospore isolates obtained from eleven geographically distant populations.

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Studies on the External Structure of the Cuticle of Silkworm pupa (Bombyx mori L.) (가잠용외피의 외부구조에 관한 조사연구)

  • 윤종관
    • Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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    • v.20 no.2
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    • pp.10-14
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    • 1978
  • There are relatively many reports have been issued on he active movement of cuticle of larva. which tend to protect their body, however, only a few reports have been disclosed on the cuticle of pupal body except the small portion of rectangle which shown tortoise-shell shape. In this connection, many portion of the external structure of pupal cuticle has been studied and the following. results were found: 1) No. spot of rectangle which is sculptured in the surface of cuticle that born by branching. out of the development of cell in imaginal bud of antenna and head were found. However, in the compound eye of net shaped sculpture was found in the (equation omitted) shaped parts which holding. the diameter of about 8u and the surrounding area has the small bump and the one is dark brown coloured comparing with shape. 2) The sculpture shape of thorax is a little different than in the head. However, (equation omitted) portion is varies from the segment to segment. In general, it is not very clear than the compound eye in the head, the dark brown bump shape is slowly fade a from the prothorax, mesothorax to metathorax. 3) The surface of intersegment membrane is colourless or slightly yellow, and the entire surface has stripped marking with thine lines. 4) In the abdominal segment, there are many and small sculptures in net shape around the (equation omitted) shape portions. 5) The size of sculpture in (equation omitted) portion of abdomen is smaller than one in thorax, and in the same segment, the dorsal is smaller than abdomen and the rear portion of the segment is larger than the front of segment. 6) After the 7th abdominal segment, no intersegmental membrane is found and the cuticle of the external structure is the same as external structure of the segment. 7) The seta is not found in head, compound eye, antenna and wing which portions were subdivided by development of imagined bud of the cell, no seta is found in cuticle of the segment in the general cell of the larva stage and also in the dorsal and intersegmental membrane.

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Production of a New Synthetic Korean Native Commercial Layer Using Crossbreeding among Native Chicken Breeders (토종 종계 계통 간 교배조합 시험에 따른 신품종 토종 실용산란계 생산)

  • Ka Bin Shin;Seul Gy Lee;Kigon Kim;Junho Lee;Suyong Jang;Jung Min Heo;Hyo Jun Choo;See Hwan Sohn
    • Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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    • v.50 no.4
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    • pp.203-212
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    • 2023
  • This study conducted a diallel-crossbreeding test using four Korean native chicken parent stock lines (YC, YD, CK, and CF) to develop a native commercial layer with high egg-laying performance. A total of 312 chickens in six combinations were examined for various traits, including livability, body weight, age at first egg-laying, hen-day, and hen-housed egg production, egg weight, and egg quality, from hatching to 60 weeks of age. The results showed that the average survival rate was 77.1±18.8% with the YDYC combination having the highest survival rate along with excellent specific combining ability. The YDYC combination exhibited significantly higher body weight compared to the other combinations (P<0.01). The average age at first egg-laying was 121.3±2.5 days, with no significant difference between the combinations. The average hen-day egg production was 74.0±6.4%, and the hen-housed egg production was 181.4±33.8 eggs with the YDCF and YCCK combinations demonstrating the highest laying performance, while the YDYC and CKCF combinations had the lowest (P<0.05). Laying performance was more influenced by specific combining ability than general combining ability. The eggs from the YDYC combination were significantly lighter and had the darkest shell color (P<0.01), whereas the YDCF combination exhibited the thickest eggshells. There was no difference in internal egg quality among combinations, except the YDCF combination had the darkest yolk color. Overall, we concluded that the YCCK combination, characterized by high laying performance and livability, and the YDCF combination with high laying performance and good egg quality are the most desirable combinations for Korean native commercial layers.

Studies on the Life History of Bacciger harengulae (Bacciger harengulae의 생활사에 관한 연구)

  • KIM Young-Gill;CHUN Seh-Kyu
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.17 no.5
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    • pp.449-470
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    • 1984
  • The cercaria of Bacciger herengulae which is parasitized on the gonad of Solen strictus was investigated in order to reveal its entire life history. The area covered for the study was in the vicinity sea of Naechodo, the estuary of the Kum river in the western coast of Korea during the period of 1980-1983. Morphology and development as well as infection rates of sporocyst and cercaria within Solen strictus were examined. For accomplishing the objectives of this study, an artificial infection experiment and some investigations on the second intermediate host, the final host and the growing stages were also studied in both laboratory and natural habitat of Solen strictus. According to the study, it was revealed that the first intermediate hosts were Meretrix lusoria, Solen strictus, Tapes japonica and Laternula limicola, the second intermediate host was Palaemon (Exopalaemon) carinicauda and the final hosts were Konosirus punctatus and Harengula zunasi. A mature sporocyst which was found in the gonad of Solen strictus was $4.0-4.3{\times}0.2-0.21\;mm$ insize, and the cercaia with 27 pairs of setae, each seta consisting of 6 tufts, was $270{\times}147{\mu}m$ in body size and $550{\times}52{\mu}m$ in tail size. Oral sucker($52{\times}42{\mu}m$), pharynx, vental sucker and two testese were obviously seen within the cercaria. The excretory vesicles of cercaria were in V-shape and the flame cell were formula was expressed as 2[(3+3)+(3+3)]=24. The infection of cercaria in the first intermediate host, Solen strictus, was found throughout the year regardlless of the water temperature, and its mean infection rate was $9.67\%$ during the study period. The infection rate fluctuated with temperature, the highest being $28.0\%\;at\;28.0^{\circ}C$ water temperature in July and the lowest $2.4\%\;at\;19.5^{\circ}C$ in October, and it increased in proportion to the shell length on the host. But cercaria was not detected at below 4.0 cm in size of the host. Mature cercariae were found 6 months from May to October when water temperature was above $19.5^{\circ}C$. On the other hand, when water temperature was below $19.5^{\circ}C$, only immature cercariae and sporocysts were found. The cercariae were active for 35 hours and survived for 71 hours at $20^{\circ}C$, and 29 and 34 hours at $25^{\circ}C$ respectively, whereas the cercariae were inactive at less than $20^{\circ}C$ in water temperature. Cercaria, from Solen strictus, approached shrimp of 1-3 cm in body length as its second host. Then, it began to intrude in to the muscle of shrimp after 2-3 hours. The infected cercaria formed cyst after 7-8 hours, and became mature metacercaria. $420{\times}310{\mu}m$ in size, 15 days afer infection. The infection rate of metaceria to shrimp in the laboratory was highest, at $25^{\circ}C$ being $61\%$ and at $20^{\circ}C\;17%$. The infection rate of metacearia in shrimp was highest in the first abdominal segment, followed by cephalothorax, the second, and fifth abdominal segments, and in that order. Also, the infection rate of metacercaria in wild shrimp was high $9.6-11.1\%$ at $26.5^{\circ}C$ in June, and low $1.56-2.5\%$ at $28-29.5^{\circ}C$ from July to August. The infected shrimp with metacercaria was experimentally fed to Konosirus punctatus in the laboratory in order to know its final host. The metacercaria developed into the adult worm, $440-520{\times}310-360{\mu}m$ in size, within the intestine of Konosirus punctatus 20 days after infection. The adult worm was oval shape and $20-24{\times}11-20{\mu}m$ in size. The infection rate of adult worm to Konosirus punctatus and Harengula zunasi ranged 87.3 to $100\%$, the mean being $95.2\%$, regardless of the body length of their hosts. The infection rate was $100\%$ in June and July, but it decreased in September and October. The size and body structure of the trematode observed during the present study were well agreed with those ievestigated by Yamaguti(1938), thus, it may be concluded that the adult worm it identified as Bacciger harengulae.

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Effects of the Various Dietary Additives on Growth and Tolerance of Abalone Haliotis discus hannai against Stresses (다양한 사료첨가제 공급에 따른 전복의 성장과 스트레스에 대한 내성 효과)

  • Cho, Sung-Hwoan;Kim, Chung-Il;Cho, Young-Jin;Lee, Bom-Sok;Park, Jung-Eun;Yoo, Jin-Hyung;Lee, Sang-Min
    • Journal of Aquaculture
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    • v.21 no.4
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    • pp.309-316
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    • 2008
  • Effects of the various dietary additives on growth and tolerance of abalone Haliotis discus hannai to the stresses were determined in the 16-week feeding trial. Seventy juvenile (an initial body weight of 4.2 g) abalone per container were randomly distributed into 21, 50 L plastic rectangular containers each. The six kinds of experimental diets were prepared: control (CON) with no additive, by-product of green tea (BPG), extract of figs (EF), extract of green tea (EG), commercially available product of Hearok (PH), and Haematococcus (HC). In addition, dry sea tangle (ST) was prepared to compare the efficiency of the experimental diets. Fishmeal, soybean meal and shrimp head meal were used as the protein source, and dextrin, sea tangle powder and wheat flour, and soybean oil and fish oil were used as the carbohydrate and lipid sources, respectively in the experimental diets. The experimental diets were fed to abalone once a day at a satiation level with a little leftover. The feeding trial lasted for 16 weeks. At the end of the 16-week feeding trial, abalone was exposed to the different types of stresses (air exposure, and sudden changes of rearing temperature and salinity). Survival of abalone fed the sea tangle was highest. However, weight gain of abalone fed the EF, EG and PH diets was significantly (P<0.05) higher than that of abalone fed the BPG diet or dry sea tangle. Shell length of abalone fed the all experimental diets was significantly (P<0.05) higher than that of abalone fed the dry sea tangle. Accumulated mortality of abalone fed the sea tangle was low when exposed to the different types of stresses. Also, relatively low mortality was achieved in abalone fed the HC and EF diets. In considering these results, it can be concluded that the various sources of additives is effective to improve production of abalone, and Haematococcus and extract of figs can be considered as dietary additives to improve resistance of abalone against the different types of stresses.

Evaluation of Laying Performances in Laying Hens Molted by Dietary Induction (산란계의 유도 환우에 있어서 급이환우 방법의 평가)

  • Hong, E.C.;Na, J.C.;Chung, I.B.;Choi, Y.H.;Park, H.D.;Chung, W.T.;Lee, H.J.;You, D.C.;Kim, H.K.;HwangBo, J.
    • Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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    • v.35 no.1
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    • pp.15-20
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    • 2008
  • This study aimed at evaluating the effects of a molting diet method in molt induction and post-molt performance of laying hens. Eighty-one ISA Brown hens at 62 wk of age were randomly divided into three groups. After a 4-wk preliminary period, a control group was fed a corn-soybean-based layer diet, and for the other groups, molting was induced by starvation (MS) or feeding a molting diet (MD). For the MS group, feed was withdrawn for 2 wk; this was followed by feeding a layer diet every other day for 1 wk and then the control diet. The MD group was fed a molting diet containing low-protein and low-energy diet based for 4 wk; this was followed by feeding a layer diet. They had a free access to their diet and water. Egg production, egg quality, feed intake, and ovary and oviduct weights were measured throughout the experimental period. During molting, the feed intake in the MD group was lower than that of the control. Body weight of the molted groups was significantly reduced. The MS group feeding totally ceased egg production within 4d; after the initiation of feeding and decreased; in the MD group, egg production to 9.3% by d 10. On d 14, the ovaries and oviducts of the molted groups were distinctly lighter than those of the control. Throughout the post-molt period, egg production and egg shell thickness of the molted group improved; but there were no significant differences. Eggs from the MD-fed or control group were heavier than those of the MS-fed or control group. Finally, feeding of a low-protein and low-energy diet effectively induces molting and increase post-molt production, but further research will be conducted to determine the effects of the molt diet with other ingredients and to reduce the energy level of the molt diet for maximizing molt induction and post-molt egg quality.

Effect of Chestnut on lipid Metabolism and Antithrombotic Capacity in Rats (랫드에서 밤의 과육 및 내피가 지방대사 및 항혈전능에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, So-Jung;Kim, Mi-Hwan;Kim, Jin;Kim, Hyeong-Jin;Kim, Soo-Hyun;Lee, Seung-Ho;Park, Young-Seok;Park, Byung-Kwon;Kim, Byeong-Soo;Kim, Sang-Ki;Choi, Chang-Sun;Ryu, Gi-Hyung;Jung, Ji-Youn
    • Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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    • v.24 no.1
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    • pp.69-77
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    • 2009
  • This study was performed to investigate the effect of dried powder of chestnut on lipid metabolism, anti-thrombotic effect in rats. Thirty 5-week-old male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly allocated into five groups and used for experiment. We examined the lipid metabolism and antithrombotic capacity of SD rats administered for 5 weeks with 0.16 g/kg, 0.5 g/kg chestnut flesh powder and 0.16 g/kg, 0.5 g/kg chestnut inner shell and flesh powder mixture, respectively. Food intake, body weight gain and food efficiency ratio were also checked. The levels of serum triglyceride and tree fatty acid were not statistically significant between the all experimental groups. However, the antithrombotic capacity and total lipid levels of the treatment groups were significantly lower than those of the negative control group. These results suggest that the supplementation of chestnut on diet lower the total lipid level in SD rats.