• Computers and Concrete
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.337-355
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• 2015

In this scientific work, an improved analytical solution for adhesive stresses in a concrete beam bonded with the FRP plate is developed by including the effect of the adherend shear deformations. The analysis is based on the deformation compatibility approach where both the shear and normal stresses are assumed to be invariant across the adhesive layer thickness. The shear stress distribution is supposed to be parabolic across the depth of the adherends in computing the adhesive shear stress and Timoshenko's beam theory is employed in predicting adhesive normal stress to consider the shear deformation. Numerical results from the present analysis are presented both to demonstrate the advantages of the present solution over existing ones and to illustrate the main characteristics of adhesive stress distributions.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.179-186
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• 1997

Steady and physiological flows of a Newtonian fluid and blood in the abdominal gorta/iliac artery bifurcation are numerically simulated to understand the etiology and pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Distributions of velocity, pressure, and wall shear stress in the bifurcated arterial vessel model are calculated to investigate the differences of flow characteristics between steady and physiological flows and to compare flow characteristics of blood with that of a Newtonian fluid For the given Reynolds number the flow characteristics of physiological flows for a Newtonian fluid and blood in the bifurcated arterial vessel are quite different from thcse of steady flows. No flow separation or flow reversal in the bifurcated region appears downstream of a stenosis during the acceleration phase. However, during the deceleration phase the flow exhibits flow separation in the outer walls of daugtlter branches, which extends to the entire wall region.

• Korea-Australia Rheology Journal
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.125-130
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• 2005

Coalescence process of binary immiscible fluid mixtures having bimodal size distributions, prepared by mixing two pre-sheared samples at different shear rates, ${\gamma}_{pre1}\;and\;{\gamma}_{pre2}$, under shear flow at a final shear rate, ${\gamma}_f$, are examined by transient shear stress measurements and microscopic observations in comparison with the results for simply pre-sheared samples having narrow size distributions (unimodal distribution samples). Component fluids are a silicone oil (PDMS) and a hydrocarbon-formaldehyde resin (Genelite) and their viscosities are 14.1 and 21.0 $pa{\cdot}sec$ at room temperature $(ca.\;20^{\circ}C)$, respectively. The weight ratio of PDMS: Genelite was 7:3. Three cases, $({\gamma}_{pre1}=7.2sec^{-1},\;{\gamma}_{pre2}=12.0sec^{-1}\;and\;{\gamma}_f=2.4sec^{-1}),\;({\gamma}_{pre1}=0.8sec^{-1},\;{\gamma}_{pre2}=4.0sec^{-1}\;and\;{\gamma}_f=2.4sec^{-1}),\;and\;({\gamma}_{pre1}=7.2sec^{-1},\;{\gamma}_{pre2}=12.0^sec^{-1}\;and\;{\gamma}_f=7.2sec^{-1})$ the first case, transient shear stress did not show any significant difference but domains larger than the initial state are observed at short times. In the latter cases, there exist undershoot of shear stress, reflecting existence of deformed large domains, which is confirmed by the direct observation. It is concluded that coalescence between large and small domains more frequently occur than coalescence between the domains with similar size in the bimodal distribution samples.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.29 no.5 s.236
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• pp.545-553
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• 2005

In the present study, The characteristics of developing steady laminar flows of a straight duct connected to a $180^{\circ}$ curved duct were examined In the entrance region through experimental measurement. Flow characteristics such as shear stress distributions, pressure distributions and friction coefficient experimentally in a square cross-sectional straight duct by using the PIV system. For the PIV measurement by particles produced from mosquito coils particles. The experimental data were obtained at 9 points dividing the test sections by 400mm. Experimental results can be summarized as follows. Critical Reynolds number, $Re_{cr}$ which indicates transition from laminar steady flow to transition steady flow was 2,150. Shear stress per unit length on the wall was stronger than that in the fully developed flow region. This was attributed to the fact that shear stress and pressure loss in the curvature of a duct were increased. Pressure distributions were gradually decreased irrespective of Reynolds number In the whole test section. This trends were in a good agreement with the reference results. Pipe friction coefficient in the steady state flow region was calculate from method of least squares. The co-relationship between fiction coefficient and Reynolds number was established as follow; ${\lambda}=56/Re$.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.817-824
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• 2001

In the present study, flow characteristics of turbulent oscillatory flows in the exit region connected to the square-sectional $180^{\circ}$curved duct was investigated experimentally. The experimental study for air flows was conducted to measure velocity profiles, shear stress distributions by using the Laser Doppler Velocimetry(L.D.V) system with the data acquisition and processing system of Rotating Machinery Resolver(R.M.R) and PHASE software. The results obtained from the experimentation were summarized as follows : The critical Reynolds number for a change from transitional oscillatory flow to turbulent oscillatory flow was about 75,000 in the 90 region of dimensionless axial position (x/Dh) which was considered as a fully developed flow region. In the turbulent oscillatory flow, velocity profiles of the inflow period in the entrance region were gradually developed, but those of the outflow period were not changed nearly. Shear stress distributions of turbulent oscillatory flow was gradually increased as the flow proceeds to downstream.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.9-12
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• 1985

The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.64-70
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• 1985

Fully Reynolds Stress model is applied to predict recirculation pattern, velocity and Reynolds shear stress distributions in a circular jet coaxially confined in a round pipe. It is found that the generation of velocity region depends on Curtet number(Ct). It is also found that the Reynolds shear stress and velocity distributions in the inital jet region depend strongly on the Curtet number up to about X/D = 2.0 but they are almost independent of the Curtet number further downstream.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.119-126
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• 2004

Behaviour of soil nailed walls in Korea has been analysed based on a number of field measurements. The investigation has included interface shear strength development at the nail-soil interface from pull-out tests, lateral ground displacements, tensile force distributions along soil nails and mobilised interface shear stress distributions. Insights into the soil nailed wall behaviour based on the shear transfer mechanism at the soil-nail interface and partial mobilisations of the interface shear strength, governed by relative shear displacement, are reported and discussed. It is expected that results from the current research can provide relevant parameters required for preliminary design of soil nailed walls in Korea.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.511-521
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• 2002

A simple numerical modelling technique is proposed for estimating the shear stress distribution in beams of framed tube structures with multiple internal tubes. The structures arc analysed using a continuum approach in which each tube is individually modelled by a tube beam that accounts for the flexural and shear deformations, as well as the shear lag effects. The numerical analysis of shear stress is based on the mathematical analogy in conjunction with the elastic theory By simplifying assumptions regarding the form of strain distributions in external and internal tubes, the shear stress distributions are expressed in terms of a series of lineal functions of the second moments of area of the structures and the corresponding geometric and material properties, as well as the applied loads. Previous studies for axial stresses and shear lag phenomenon are further developed lot the numerical analysis of shear stresses in the tubes. The simplicity and accuracy of the proposed method are demonstrated through the solutions of throe numerical examples.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society For Composite Materials Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.87-90
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• 2001

In particle or short-fiber reinforced composites, cracking of the reinforcements is a significant damage mode because the broken reinforcements lose load carrying capacity. This paper deals with elastic stress distributions and load carrying capacity of intact and cracked ellipsoidal inhomogeneities. Three dimensional finite element analysis has been carried out on intact and broken ellipsoidal inhomogeneities in an infinite body under pure shear. For the intact inhomogeneity, as well known as Eshelby(1957) solution, the stress distribution is uniform in the inhomogeneity and non-uniform in the surrounding matrix. On the other hand, for the broken inhomogeneity, the stress in the region near crack surface is considerably released and the stress distribution becomes more complex. The average stress in the inhomogeneity represents its load carrying capacity, and the difference of average stresses between the intact and broken inhomogeneities indicates the loss of load carrying capacity due to cracking damage. The load carrying capacity of the broken inhomogeneity is expressed in terms of the average stress of the intact inhomogeneity and some coefficients. It is found that the broken inhomogeneity with higher aspect ratio still maintains higher load carrying capacity.