• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2002년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.643-650
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• 2002

The large planar failure has occurred in a rock cut slope of highway construction site in Boeun. This area is considered as unstable since the discontinuities whose orientations are similar to the orientation of the failure plane, are observed in many areas. Therefore, several analysis techniques such as SMR, stereographic analysis, limit equilibrium, numerical analysis, which are commonly used in rock slope stability analysis, are adopted in this area. In order to analyze the stress redistribution and nonlinear displacement caused by cut, which are not obtained in limit equilibrium method, the UDEC and shear strength reduction technique were used in this study Then the factors of safety evaluated by shear strength reduction technique and limit equilibrium were compared. In addition, the factor of safety under fully saturated slope condition was calculated and subsequently, the effect of the reinforcement was evaluated.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2005년도 지반공학 공동 학술발표회
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• pp.681-688
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• 2005

The Green Wall is the highest eco-system among a segmental retaining wall systems. Recently, the demand of high segmental retaining wall (SRW) is increased in domestic. The soil nailing system is applied in order to maintain the high SRW stability for steeper slope. However, the proper design approach that can consider the earth pressure reduction effects in soil nailing system has not been proposed. Hence, the purpose of this study was to provide the design and analysis technique of the segmental retaining wall reinforced by soil nailing. Also, in this study, various parametric studies using numerical method as shear strength reduction (SSR) technique were carried out. In the parametric study, the length ratio and the bond ratio of the soil nailing were changed to identify the earth pressure reduction effect of the retaining wall reinforced by soil nailing.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2002년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.483-490
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• 2002

This paper presents the results of a comparative study between FEM and LEM on slope stability analysis. For validation, factors of safety were compared between FEM and LEM. The results from the two methods were in good agreement suggesting that the FEM with the shear strength reduction method can be effectively used on slope stability analyses. A series of analysis were then performed using the FEM for various constitutive laws, slope angles, flow rules, and the finite element discretizations. Among the findings, the finite element method in conjunction with the shear strength reduction method can provide reasonable results in terms of factor of safety. Also revealed is that the results of FEM can be significantly affected by the way in which the type of constitutive law and flow rule are selected.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.163-173
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• 2003

본 연구에서는 억지말뚝으로 보강된 사면에서 한계평형 해석법과 3차원 해석 결과를 비교 분석하였다. 특히, 유한차분법을 이용한 FLAC 3D를 바탕으로 하는 커플링 해석에 주안점을 두었으며, FLAC을 이용하여 전단강도감소기법에 따른 보강사면의 안전율을 계산하기 위해 FLAC의 내장언어인 FISH를 이용하여 작성하였다. 커플링 해석에서 억지말뚝에 의한 안정화된 사면을 해석하기 위해 말뚝의 거동과 사면안정을 동시에 고려하였다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 이 두 방법을 적용하여 일렬 억지말뚝이 사면선단, 중앙부, 정부에 위치할 경우에 있어서 각각의 활동 파괴면 및 안전율을 비교 분석하였으며 강도정수 감소법을 적용한 해석기법의 적용성과 타당성에 대한 분석을 수행하였다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2006년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.925-930
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• 2006

During the excavation of a tunnel portal, failure zones around the tunnel heading occur and also the ground supports itself. In a portal, its location and the ground characteristic have a great influence on the stability of the tunnel. Therefore, the failure mechanism of a tunnel heading and how to assess the stability of the tunnel are very important. In this paper, the numerical analyses were executed to evaluate the safety factor using strength reduction technique. The influence area of an excavation was also predicted through a case study in which no-support case and support case with the Pattern P-6 were compared in terms of the ground class and the shear strain.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.65-74
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• 2003

본 논문에서는 사면안정해석에 있어서의 유한요소법과 한계평형법의 결과를 나타내었다 해석의 타당성을 부여하기 위하여 유한요소법과 한계평형법에 의한 안전율을 비교하였으며, 각각의 방법에 의한 안전율이 잘 일치됨을 보여 전단강도감소기법을 사용한 유한요소해석이 사면안정해석에 있어서 효과적으로 사용될 수 있음을 확인하였다. 구성 법칙, 사면의 경사각, 흐름법칙, 그리고 유한요소망의 이산화에 따른 일련의 유한요소해석을 실시한 결과, 전단강도감소기법에 근거한 유한요소해석법은 안전율에 관하여 합리적인 결과를 제공할 수 있음을 확인하였고 유한요소해석결과는 구성법칙과 흐름법칙의 선택에 의해 상당한 영향을 받을 수 있음을 알 수 있다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2004년도 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.783-790
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• 2004

In this study, a newly modified soil nailing technology named as the PSN(pretensioned soil nailing) system, is developed to reduce both facing displacements and ground surface settlements in top-down excavation process as well as to increase the global stability. Up to now, the PSN system has been investigated mainly focusing on an establishment of the design procedure. In the present study, the analytical procedure and design technique are proposed to evaluate maximum pretension force and stability of the PSN system. Also proposed arc techniques to determine the required thickness of a shotcrete facing and to estimate probability of a failure against the punching shear. Based on the proposed procedure and technique, effects of the radius of a influence circle and dilatancy angle on the thickness of a shotcrete facing, bonded length and safety factors arc analyzed. In addition, effects of the reduction of deformations expected by pretensioning of the soil nails are examined in detail throughout an illustrative example and $FLAC^{2D}$ program analysis. And a numerical approach is further made to determine a postulated failure surface as well as a minimum safety factor of the proposed PSN system using the shear strength reduction technique with the $FLAC^{2D}$ program. Global minimum safety factors and local safety factors at various excavation stages computed in case of the PSN system arc analyzed throughout comparisons with the results expected in case of the general soil nailing system. The efficiency of the PSN system is also dealt with by analyzing the wall-facing deformations and the adjacent ground surface settlements.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2009년도 춘계 학술발표회
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• pp.434-443
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• 2009

Slope stability analysis is an essential part of rock slope design. For highly fractured rock, the limit equilibrium method (LEM) based slope stability analysis with a circular failure surface is often carried out assuming the rock mass behaves more or less as a continuum. This paper examines first, the applicability of the finite-element method (FEM) based shear strength reduction (SSR) technique for highly fractured rock slope, and second the use of Mohr-Coulomb (MC) failure criterion in conjunction with generalized Hoek-Brown (HB) failure criterion. The numerical results on a number of cases are compared in terms of the factor of safety (FS). The results indicated that the FEM-based SSR technique yields almost the same FSs from LEM, and that the MC and HB failure criteria yield almost identical FSs when the strength parameters for MC failure criterion are obtained based on the modified HB failure criterion if and only if value of the Hoek-Brown constant $m_i$ is smaller than 10 and slope angle is smaller than 1:1, otherwise MC failure criteria over-estimate the factor of safety.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2002년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.427-434
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• 2002

In Korea, there are recently many attempts to expand a temporary soil nailing system into a permanent soil nailing system since the first construction in 1993. In the downtown area, it is important that the relaxation of the ground is minimized in the ground excavation works. Due to these problems, soil nailing systems are often used the flexible facing such as shotcrete rather than the rigid facing such as SCW, CIP, and jet grout types in Korea. The soil nailing systems with rigid facings are used greatly however it is insufficient researches for design and analysis of soil nailing systems with rigid facings. In this study, various laboratory model tests are carried out to examining the influence the rigidity of facings on the global safety of soil nailing system, failure loads, displacement behaviour, axial force acting on the nails, and distribution of earth pressure. Also, the parametric studies are carried out for the typical section of soil nailed walls according to thickness of concrete facings and internal friction angle of soil using the numerical technique as shear strength reduction technique.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2006년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.1038-1045
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• 2006

The Green Wall is highest eco-system among a segmental retaining wall systems. Recently, the demand of high segmental retaining wall (SRW) is increased in domestic. The soil nailing system is applied in order to maintain the high SRW stability for steeper slope. However, the proper design approach that can consider the earth pressure reduction effects in soil nailing system has not been proposed. This study was performed to introduce the design case by 'Two-Body Translation mechanism' to be able to consider distribution of earth pressure in the soil nailing when designing the green wall using soil nailing system. Also, this study attempts to evaluate the earth pressure change when advanced soil nailing system is constructed using $FLAC^{2D}$ ver. 3.30 program and 'Two-Body Translation mechanism'. Also in this study, various parametric studies using numerical methods as shear strength reduction (SSR) technique and limit equilibrium technique were carried out. In the parametric study, the length ratio and the bond ratio of the soil nailing were changed to identify the earth pressure reduction effect of the retaining wall reinforced by soil nailing.